scholarly journals Seeing the Bigger Picture: Susceptibility to, and Detection of, Deception

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 463-471
Author(s):  
Laurence S. Warren-West ◽  
Robin C. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Deception Detection ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Response Accuracy ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Detection Of Deception ◽  
Signal Detection Analysis ◽  
Rugby Players

An extended time window was used to examine susceptibility to, and detection of, deception in rugby union. High- and low-skilled rugby players judged the final running direction of an opponent “cutting” left or right, with or without a deceptive sidestep. Each trial was occluded at one of eight time points relative to the footfall after the initial (genuine or fake) reorientation. Based on response accuracy, the results were separated into deception susceptibility and deception detection windows. Signal-detection analysis was used to calculate the discriminability of genuine and deceptive actions (d') and the response bias (c). High-skilled players were less susceptible to deception and better able to detect when they had been deceived, accompanied by a reduced bias toward perceiving all actions as genuine. By establishing the time window in which players become deceived, it will now be possible to identify the kinematic sources that drive deception.

Comparison of Three Psychophysical Techniques for Estimating Body-Size Perception

1995 ◽  
Vol 80 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1379-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick M. Gardner ◽  
Leifann C. Jones ◽  
Eric D. Bokenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Size Perception ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Size Distortion ◽  
Estimation Task ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Body Size Perception ◽  
Signal Detection Analysis ◽  
Method Of Adjustment

Perception of body size was recorded for 63 university students ( M age = 25.3 yr., 41 women) who estimated their own body size using three methods. Using the method of adjustment, subjects over- or underestimated their body size. A signal-detection analysis indicated that subjects were sensitive to detecting a 4% distortion in body size and that there was no systematic bias for reporting distortion as present or absent. Scores on the adaptive probit estimation task were significantly correlated with values for point of subjective equality and the size judgements with the method of adjustment. Over-all, this experiment demonstrated adaptive probit estimation as a reliable indicator of perceived body size, sensitivity in detecting size distortion, and response bias in making body-size judgements.

Signal Detection Analysis of Effect of White Noise Intensity on Sensitivity to Visual Flicker

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan W. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Noise Intensity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Auditory Stimulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cortical Arousal ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Signal Detection Analysis

Rating scale estimates of sensitivity to visual flicker were obtained from three subjects under 10 different intensities of auditory stimulation. Results indicated reliable “sawtooch”-like changes in sensitivity as a function of increasing intensity of white noise. No systematic and reliable changes were found in estimates of response bias. Theory and future research are discussed with reference to the possible contribution of cortical arousal.

Signal Detection Analysis of Visual Flicker in Deaf and Hearing Individuals

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 839-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bross ◽  
Hannelore Sauerwein
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Stimulus Probability ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Signal Detection Analysis ◽  
Flicker Task ◽  
Sensory Compensation

A comparison of deaf and hearing subjects on temporal visual resolving power was conducted within a signal-detection paradigm. Subjects were required to make forced-choice judgments of a visual-flicker task under three stimulus probability conditions (0.25, 0.50, and 0.75). A total of 600 trials were given each subject from which d′ and Beta, indices for sensory sensitivity and response bias respectively, were computed. No significant differences existed on sensory sensitivity or response bias which questions some traditional assumptions about sensory compensation.

scholarly journals Understanding communicative intentions in schizophrenia using an error analysis approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parola Alberto ◽  
Claudio Brasso ◽  
Rosalba Morese ◽  
Paola Rocca ◽  
Francesca M. Bosco
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Attributional Bias ◽  
Communicative Acts ◽  
Communicative Intention ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Signal Detection Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPatients with schizophrenia (SCZ) have a core impairment in the communicative-pragmatic domain, characterized by severe difficulties in correctly inferring the speaker’s communicative intentions. While several studies have investigated pragmatic performance of patients with SCZ, little research has analyzed the errors committed in the comprehension of different communicative acts. The present research investigated error patterns in 24 patients with SCZ and 24 healthy controls (HC) during a task assessing the comprehension of different communicative acts, i.e., sincere, deceitful and ironic, and their relationship with the clinical features of SCZ. We used signal detection analysis to quantify participants’ ability to correctly detect the speakers’ communicative intention, i.e., sensitivity, and their tendency to wrongly perceive a communicative intention when not present, i.e., response bias. Further, we investigated the relationship between sensitivity and response bias, and the clinical features of the disorder, namely symptom severity, pharmacotherapy, and personal and social functioning. The results showed that the ability to infer the speaker’s communicative intention is impaired in SCZ, as patients exhibited lower sensitivity, compared to HC, for all the pragmatic phenomena evaluated, i.e., sincere, deceitful, and ironic communicative acts. Further, we found that the sensitivity measure for irony was related to disorganized/concrete symptoms. Moreover, patients with SCZ showed a stronger response bias for deceitful communicative acts compared to HC: when committing errors, they tended to misattribute deceitful intentions more often than sincere and ironic ones. This tendency to misattribute deceitful communicative intentions may be related to the attributional bias characterizing the disorder.

Laterality Effects in Judgment of the Identity and Position of Letters: A Signal Detection Analysis

1976 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Robertshaw ◽  
Michael Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Rectangular Matrix ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Point Rating Scale ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Signal Detection Analysis

In two experiments subjects received 100 ms tachistoscopic presentations, either to left or right of fixation, of a rectangular matrix of 12 cells. On each trial three cells were filled, each with a different symbol drawn from a set of 12 letters and digits. In one (the “letter” experiment) subjects had to decide whether a particular letter (nominated at the end of the trial) had been one of the three presented. In a second (the “position” experiment) they had to decide whether a cell in the matrix (again nominated at the end of the trial) had been one of those that contained a symbol. Judgments were made on a four-point rating scale, and measures of sensitivity and response bias were calculated. In the letter experiment sensitivity was greater for presentations to right of fixation, and in the position experiment for those to left.

A Signal Detection Analysis of the Effects of Workload, Task-Critical and Likelihood Information on Human Alarm Response

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (17) ◽  
pp. 1513-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto A. Bustamante
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Alarm System ◽  
Alarm Response ◽  
Alarm Signals ◽  
Critical Information ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
High Workload ◽  
Signal Detection Analysis

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of task-critical and likelihood information on participants' sensitivity and bias to alarm signals under varying levels of workload. Participants performed a complex primary task at the same time they performed a secondary task. Likelihood information was manipulated through the use of either a Binary Alarm System (BAS) or a Likelihood Alarm System (LAS). As expected, task-critical and likelihood information significantly increased participants' sensitivity, and this varied across workload levels. Participants benefited from task-critical information only when they were interacting with the BAS. However, participants benefited from likelihood information regardless of task-critical information, particularly under high-workload conditions. Furthermore, task-critical information increased participants' response bias under low workload, making them less likely to respond to alarm signals. These results demonstrated the superior advantage of an LAS over a traditional BAS and showed support for the use of an LAS as a way to mitigate the cry-wolf effect above and beyond task-critical information.

Signal-Detection Analysis of the Müller-Lyer and the Horizontal-Vertical Illusions

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 1299-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary M. Brosvic ◽  
Nancy A. Civale ◽  
Patricia Long ◽  
Deborah Kieley ◽  
Kathryn Kristoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Perceptual Error ◽  
Lyer Illusion ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Signal Detection Analysis ◽  
Response Biases

Perceptual error in the Müller-Lyer and the Horizontal-Vertical illusions was quantified using nonparametric signal-detection measures of sensitivity and response bias. Sensitivity scores were positively related to signal strength with the greatest values observed for the strongest signals. Sensitivity at each signal strength did not differ between the two illusions. Response-bias scores were inversely related to signal strength, with the most conservative biases observed for the strongest signals. Response biases for each signal strength were significantly more conservative for the Horizontal-Vertical than for the Müller-Lyer illusion.

Temporal Auditory Acuity in Blind and Sighted Subjects: A Signal Detection Analysis

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 963-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bross ◽  
Myra Borenstein
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Auditory Sensitivity ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Signal Detection Analysis ◽  
Auditory Acuity ◽  
Sensory Compensation

Temporal auditory sensitivity was compared in five adventitiously blind and five normally sighted subjects in a signal-detection paradigm. Following determination of individual auditory flutter fusion (AFF) thresholds the subjects were required to make forced-choice responses between a fluttering and fused white noise under stimulus probabilities of 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75. From these data indices of sensory sensitivity ( d') and response bias (Beta) were computed and compared. Analysis indicated no significant differences in auditory sensitivity between the two groups. These findings further weaken the traditional hypothesis of sensory compensation.

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