Changes in Isokinetic Muscle Strength of the Lower Extremity in Recreational Athletes with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukio Urabe ◽  
Mitsuo Ochi ◽  
Kiyoshi Onari
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Isokinetic Muscle Strength ◽  
Dependent Variables

Objective:To investigate changes in muscle strength in the lower extremity after ACL reconstruction.Design:Prospective case series.Dependent Variables:Isokinetic muscle strength measured in 6 movements (hip extension/flexion, hip adduction/abduction, knee extension/flexion) and circumference of the thigh/calf.Setting:Clinic and home.Patients:44 (24 men, 20 women) between the ages of 16 and 47 years with an ACL rupture. All underwent reconstruction via a semitendinosus autograft.Main Outcome Measures:The peak torque for each joint movement was recorded. Repeated-measures ANOVA and power analysis were conducted to detect significant interaction effects.Results:The decline of muscle strength after ACL reconstruction remained not only in the knee extensors and flexors but also in the hip adductors.Conclusion:Rehabilitation programs that address the behavioral patterns and physiological characteristics of an ACL injury will benefit the athlete’s whole body and lead to a full recovery.

Influence of Bicycle Seat Tube Angle and Hand Position on Lower Extremity Kinematics and Neuromuscular Control: Implications for Triathlon Running Performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Silder ◽  
Kyle Gleason ◽  
Darryl G. Thelen
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Plantar Flexors ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle

We investigated how varying seat tube angle (STA) and hand position affect muscle kinematics and activation patterns during cycling in order to better understand how triathlon-specific bike geometries might mitigate the biomechanical challenges associated with the bike-to-run transition. Whole body motion and lower extremity muscle activities were recorded from 14 triathletes during a series of cycling and treadmill running trials. A total of nine cycling trials were conducted in three hand positions (aero, drops, hoods) and at three STAs (73°, 76°, 79°). Participants also ran on a treadmill at 80, 90, and 100% of their 10-km triathlon race pace. Compared with cycling, running necessitated significantly longer peak musculotendon lengths from the uniarticular hip flexors, knee extensors, ankle plantar flexors and the biarticular hamstrings, rectus femoris, and gastrocnemius muscles. Running also involved significantly longer periods of active muscle lengthening from the quadriceps and ankle plantar flexors. During cycling, increasing the STA alone had no affect on muscle kinematics but did induce significantly greater rectus femoris activity during the upstroke of the crank cycle. Increasing hip extension by varying the hand position induced an increase in hamstring muscle activity, and moved the operating lengths of the uniarticular hip flexor and extensor muscles slightly closer to those seen during running. These combined changes in muscle kinematics and coordination could potentially contribute to the improved running performances that have been previously observed immediately after cycling on a triathlon-specific bicycle.

scholarly journals Influence of Whole-Body Vibration Training Without Visual Feedback on Balance and Lower-Extremity Muscle Strength of the Elderly

Medicine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. e2709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiuan-Yu Tseng ◽  
Chung-Liang Lai ◽  
Kai-Ling Chang ◽  
Pi-Shan Hsu ◽  
Meng-Chih Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Vibration Training ◽  
Whole Body Vibration Training

Temporal Influences of Functional Knee Bracing on Torque Production of the Lower Extremity

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-227
Author(s):  
Brian Campbell ◽  
James Yaggie ◽  
Daniel Cipriani
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Forces

Context:Functional knee braces (FKB) are used prophylactically and in rehabilitation to aide in the functional stability of the knee.Objective:To determine if alterations in select lower extremity moments persist throughout a one hour period in healthy individuals.Design:2X5 repeated measures design.Setting:Biomechanics Laboratory.Subjects:Twenty subjects (14 male and 6 female, mean age 26.5±7 yrs; height 172.4±13 cm; weight 78.6±9 kg), separated into braced (B) and no brace (NB) groups.Intervention:A one-hour exercise program divided into three 20 minute increments.Main Outcome Measures:Synchronized three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data were collected at 20-minute increments to assess the effect of the FKB on select lower extremity moments and vertical ground reaction forces.Results:Increase in hip moment and a decrease in knee moment were noted immediately after brace application and appeared to persist throughout a one hour bout of exercise.Conclusions:The FKB and the exercise intervention caused decreases in knee joint moments and increases in hip joint moments.

scholarly journals Effect of vibration on muscle strength imbalance in lower extremity using multi-control whole body vibration platform

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (s1) ◽  
pp. S673-S683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Ho Yu ◽  
Shin Bae Seo ◽  
Seung Rok Kang ◽  
Kyung Kim ◽  
Tae Kyu Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Vibration

Influence of External Ankle Support on Lower Extremity Joint Mechanics During Drop Landings

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell L. Cordova ◽  
Yosuke Takahashi ◽  
Gregory M. Kress ◽  
Jody B. Brucker ◽  
Alfred E. Finch
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Joint Mechanics ◽  
Drop Landing ◽  
Joint Displacement ◽  
Ankle Support ◽  
Drop Landings

Objective:To investigate the effects of external ankle support (EAS) on lower extremity joint mechanics and vertical ground-reaction forces (VGRF) during drop landings.Design:A 1 × 3 repeated-measures, crossover design.Setting:Biomechanics research laboratory.Patients:13 male recreationally active basketball players (age 22.3 ± 2.2 y, height 177.5 ± 7.5 cm, mass 72.2 ± 11.4 kg) free from lower extremity pathology for the 12 mo before the study.Interventions:Subjects performed a 1-legged drop landing from a standardized height under 3 different ankle-support conditions.Main Outcome Measures:Hip, knee, and ankle angular displacement along with specific temporal (TGRFz1, TGRFz2; s) and spatial (GRFz1, GRFz2; body-weight units [BW]) characteristics of the VGRF vector were measured during a drop landing.Results:The tape condition (1.08 ± 0.09 BW) demonstrated less GRFz1 than the control (1.28 ± 0.16 BW) and semirigid conditions (1.28 ± 0.21 BW; P < .0001), and GRFz2 was unaffected. For TGRFz1, no-support displayed slower time (0.017 ± 0.004 s) than the semirigid (0.014 ± 0.001 s) and tape conditions (0.014 ± 0.002 s; P < .05). For TGRFz2, no-support displayed slower time (0.054 ±.006 s) than the semirigid (0.050 ± 0.006 s) and tape conditions (0.045 ± 0.004 s; P < .05). Semirigid bracing was slower than the tape condition, as well (P < .05). Ankle-joint displacement was less in the tape (34.6° ± 7.7°) and semirigid (36.8° ± 9.3°) conditions than in no-support (45.7° ± 7.3°; P < .05). Knee-joint displacement was larger in the no-support (45.1° ± 9.0°) than in the semirigid (42.6° ± 6.8°; P < .05) condition. Tape support (43.8° ± 8.7°) did not differ from the semirigid condition (P > .05). Hip angular displacement was not affected by EAS (F2,24 = 1.47, P = .25).Conclusions:EAS reduces ankle- and knee-joint displacement, which appear to influence the spatial and temporal characteristics of GRFz1 during drop landings.

scholarly journals Testosterone Administration Preserves Protein Balance But Not Muscle Strength during 28 Days of Bed Rest1

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Zachwieja ◽  
Steven R. Smith ◽  
Jennifer C. Lovejoy ◽  
Jennifer C. Rood ◽  
Marlene M. Windhauser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Ambulatory Activity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Protein Balance ◽  
Leucine Kinetics ◽  
Testosterone Administration

Decrements in muscle strength as a result of prolonged bed rest are well defined, but little is known about potential countermeasures for preventing loss of strength under this condition. The purpose of this study was to determine whether testosterone administration would preserve protein balance and muscle strength during prolonged bed rest. Ten healthy men (age, 36 ± 2 yr; height, 177.2 ± 3.4 cm; weight, 80.5 ± 3.9 kg; mean ± se) were admitted to our in-patient metabolic unit. After a 1-week ambulatory run-in period, each subject was confined to bed for 28 days at 6° head-down tilt while receiving a daily oral dose of T3 (50 μg/day). During the bed rest/T3 period, six of the men were randomized to receive testosterone enanthate by im injection (T; 200 mg/week) while four received placebo in a double blind fashion. Nitrogen balance was determined throughout, and whole body[ 13C]leucine kinetics were assessed at baseline and on day 26 of bed rest. Before bed rest and on the third day of reambulation, the muscle strength of the knee extensors and flexors and shoulder extensors and flexors was determined at 60°/s on a Cybex isokinetic dynamometer. Despite improved [13C]leucine kinetics and maintenance of nitrogen balance and lean body mass in T-treated subjects, little preservation of muscle strength, particularly in the knee extensors, was noted. Muscle strength[ reported as the best work repetition in foot-pounds (FtLb)] for right knee extensors declined (P = 0.011) similarly in both groups; from 165 ± 15 to 126 ± 18 FtLb in T-treated men and from 179 ± 22 to 149 ± 13 FtLb in placebo-treated men. Overall, there was less of a decline in extension and flexion strength of the shoulder compared to the knee, with no benefit from T. These results suggest that in the absence of daily ambulatory activity, T administration will not increase or, in the case of this bed rest model, preserve muscle strength.

Improvement of Outcomes With Nonconcurrent Strength and Cardiovascular-Endurance Rehabilitation Conditioning After ACI Surgery to the Knee

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Kay Bailey ◽  
Claire Minshull ◽  
James Richardson ◽  
Nigel P. Gleeson
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
International Knee Documentation Committee ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Electromechanical Delay ◽  
Cardiovascular Endurance ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Chondrocyte Implantation ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Single Leg Hop Test

Context:Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) aims to restore hyaline cartilage. Traditionally, ACI rehabilitation is prescribed in a concurrent (CON) format. However, it is well known from studies in asymptomatic populations that CON training produces an interference effect that can attenuate strength gains. Strength is integral to joint function, so adopting a nonconcurrent (N-CON) approach to ACI rehabilitation might improve outcomes.Objective:To assess changes in function and neuromuscular performance during 48 wk of CON and N-CON physical rehabilitation after ACI to the knee.Setting:Orthopedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust.Design:Randomized control, pilot study.Participants:11 patients (9 male, 2 female; age 32.3 ± 6.6 y; body mass 79.3 ±10.4 kg; time from injury to surgery 7.1 ± 4.9 mo [mean ± SD]) randomly allocated to N-CON:CON (2:1).Interventions:Standardized CON and N-CON physiotherapy that involved separation of strength and cardiovascular-endurance conditioning.Main Outcome Measures:Function in the single-leg-hop test, patient-reported outcomes (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [KOOS], International Knee Documentation Committee subjective questionnaire [IKDC]), and neuromuscular outcomes of peak force (PF), rate of force development (RFD), electromechanical delay (EMD), and sensorimotor performance (force error [FE]) of the knee extensors and flexors of the injured and noninjured legs, measured presurgery and at 6, 12, 24, and 48 wk postsurgery.Results:Factorial ANOVAs with repeated measures of group by leg and by test occasion revealed significantly superior improvements for KOOS, IKDC, PF, EMD, and FE associated with N-CON vs CON rehabilitation (F1.5,13.4 GG = 3.7−4.7, P < .05). These results confirm increased peak effectiveness of N-CON rehabilitation (~4.5−13.3% better than CON over 48 wk of rehabilitation). N-CON and CON showed similar patterns of improvement for single-leg-hop test and RFD.Conclusions:Nonconcurrent strength and cardiovascular-endurance conditioning during 48 wk of rehabilitation after ACI surgery elicited significantly greater improvements to functional and neuromuscular outcomes than did contemporary concurrent rehabilitation.

Using Lunge Measurements for Baseline Fitness Testing

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Crill ◽  
Christopher P. Kolba ◽  
Gary S. Chleboun
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fitness Testing ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Lower Extremity Function ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Lower Extremity Strength ◽  
Baseline Fitness

Context:The lunge is commonly used to assess lower extremity strength, flexibility, and balance, yet few objective data exist on it.Objectives:To determine the reliability of the lunge test, determine whether there are gender differences associated with it, and study the relationships between lunge distance and height and leg length.Design:Single-factor repeated measures.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:57: 29 men, 28 women.Main Outcome Measures:Anterior lunge (AL) and lateral lunge (LL) distance, height, and leg length (cm).Results:LL distance (131.3 ± 12.3) is significantly greater than AL distance (113.7 ± 17.2) in men and in women (LL 113.6 ± 10.5, AL 96.6 ± 11.1). There was no significant correlation for height or leg length to any lunge measurement in men or women.Conclusion:The lunge can be used as a reliable test to measure lower extremity function. Right- and left-leg lunge distances should not differ, and LL will always be greater than AL.

Evaluation of 18-Week Whole-Body Vibration Training in Normobaric Hypoxia on Lower Extremity Muscle Strength in an Elderly Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Camacho-Cardenosa ◽  
Alba Camacho-Cardenosa ◽  
Javier Brazo-Sayavera ◽  
Guillermo Olcina ◽  
Pablo Tomas-Carus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Normobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Vibration Training ◽  
Whole Body Vibration Training
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