Effects of Trial Duration on Intrasession Reliability of Single Leg Balance Testing on Stable and Unstable Surfaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan L. Riemann ◽  
Kelsey Piersol ◽  
George J. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Trial Duration ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Balance Testing

Context: Single leg balance testing is a commonly used tool in sports medicine; however, there has been no consensus on trial duration needed to obtain reliable measures. Objective: This investigation sought to determine the minimum trial duration required to obtain the highest intrasession single and average trial reliability for single leg balance testing on stable and unstable surfaces using dominant and nondominant limbs. Design: Intrasession reliability.Setting:Biomechanics laboratory. Participants: 70 healthy (35 men, 35 women), physically active young adults aged 22.8 ± 2.8 y divided into 3 subgroups (n = 10, 30, 30) across a 3-phase study. Methods:3 phases of single leg balance testing were performed. For phase 1, the duration of time each participant could maintain posture on each limb/surface were computed. Phase 2 considered performance for 6 cumulative time intervals (5s, 10s, 15s, 20s, 25s, 30s). Phase 3 served to solidify results of phase 2 by computing reliability of 15s trials. Main outcome measures: Overall stability index of the center of pressure and platform tilt. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients for phase 2 ranged from .74 (5s interval for nondominant limb on unstable surface) to .94 (20s interval for nondominant limb on stable surface). Phase 3 intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from .66 to .78 for single trial and .85 to .92 for 3 trial average with coefficients of variation ranging from 23.9% to 40.4% for single trial and 13.8% to 23.0% for 3 trial average. Conclusions:These results ultimately suggest 15s as the optimal trial duration to provide reliable measures while reducing compensatory event occurrence.

scholarly journals The Reliability of Portable Fixed Dynamometry During Hip and Knee Strength Assessments

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger O. Kollock ◽  
James A. Onate ◽  
Bonnie Van Lunen
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Knee Strength

Abstract Context: Insufficient lower extremity strength may be a risk factor for lower extremity injuries such as noncontact anterior cruciate ligament tears. Therefore, clinicians need reliable instruments to assess strength deficiencies. Objective: To assess the intrarater, interrater, intrasession, and intersession reliability of a portable fixed dynamometer in measuring the strength of the hip and knee musculature. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Sports medicine research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Three raters (A, B, C) participated in this 2-phase study. Raters A and B tested 11 healthy college graduate students (2 men, 9 women) in phase 1. Raters A and C tested 26 healthy college undergraduate students (7 men, 19 women) in phase 2. Main Outcome Measure(s): The dependent variables for the study were hip adductor, hip abductor, hip flexor, hip extensor, hip internal rotator, hip external rotator, knee flexor, and knee extensor peak force. Results: The phase 1 intrasession intraclass correlation coefficients for sessions 1, 2, and 3 ranged from 0.88 to 0.99 (SEM  =  0.08–3.02 N), 0.85 to 0.99 (SEM  =  0.26–3.88 N), and 0.92 to 0.96 (SEM  =  0.52–2.76 N), respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.57 to 0.95 (SEM  =  1.72–13.15 N) for phase 1 intersession values, 0.70 to 0.94 (SEM  =  1.42–9.20 N) for phase 2 intrarater reliability values, and 0.69 to 0.88 (SEM  =  1.20–8.50 N) for phase 2 interrater values. Conclusions: The portable fixed dynamometer showed good to high intrasession and intersession reliability values for hip and knee strength. Intrarater and interrater reliability were fair to high, except for hip internal rotation, which showed poor reliability.

Velocity of the center of pressure during walking

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 334-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
MW Cornwall ◽  
TG McPoil
Keyword(s):  
Stance Phase ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Predictable Pattern

The purpose of this study was to describe the velocity of the center of pressure during walking in a sample of young, healthy individuals. The velocity of the center of pressure was recorded in 60 subjects while they walked barefoot over a floor-mounted pressure platform. The results of this study indicate that the velocity of the center of pressure follows a predictable pattern during the stance phase of walking. Intraclass correlation coefficients calculated to measure between-trial reliability for specific parameters of the velocity of the center of pressure ranged from 0.361 to 0.912. These study results suggest that velocity of the center of pressure may be a useful measurement in future gait research.

Comparative Assessment of PASI and Variations of PGA×BSA as Measures of Psoriasis Severity

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Walsh ◽  
Huaming Tan ◽  
Hernan Valdez ◽  
Kristina Callis Duffin
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Psoriasis Severity

Background Commonly used instruments for measuring psoriasis, such as Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), have limitations, including high complexity. Objective Determine if PGA×BSA or PGA×√BSA are practical alternatives to PASI for measuring severity and treatment response. Methods Data from a Phase 3 study in 1,101 patients treated for moderate to severe psoriasis were used. PASI was the reference standard. Correlations (Pearson coefficients), test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients), responsiveness to treatment (percentage change and effect size), and correspondence (sensitivity and specificity) were assessed. Results Correlation coefficients of change (baseline at Week 12) were 0.90 between PASI and either PGA×BSA and PGA×√BSA. ICCs were 0.90. Both instruments demonstrated similar percentage change from baseline and effect sizes. Sensitivities of PGA×BSA and PGA×√BSA were 99% and 95%, and specificities were 76% and 87%, respectively. Conclusions PGA×BSA and PGA×√BSA had similar measurement properties as PASI. PGA×BSA is a practical alternative to PASI.

scholarly journals Normal pressures and reliability of the Gaitview® system in healthy adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon Tae Kim ◽  
Jung Soo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Independent Study ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
The Right

Background: Each plantar pressure measurement system has a different accuracy and reliability, which is required to establish a range of normal values and determine the reliability. Objectives: To determine normal pressures with the Gaitview® system and assess its reliability. Study Design: Single-group repeated measures. Methods: Dynamic barefoot plantar pressure data were obtained in 30 healthy young participants. In each session, three trials were recorded by one examiner for each foot using the two-step gait initiation method, which was repeated by another examiner the same day. One week later, all of the procedures were repeated. Time-integral mean pressures were measured for each of eight anatomical foot regions. The foot contact time (CT) and the time-integral mean angle of the center of pressure (COP) were also measured. Results: The greatest time-integral mean pressures were seen under the medial and lateral heel. The mean CT was 0.9 sec for both feet, and the time-integral mean angle of the COP was 9.3° for the right foot and 6.6° for the left. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged from 0.69 to 0.97, and the coefficient of variation (CoV) from 9.9 to 59.97% for all parameters. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the Gaitview® system demonstrates good to moderate reliability. Clinical relevance The Gaitview® AFA-50 system (alFOOTs, Seoul, Republic of Korea) has been used by clinicians in Korea, but has not been investigated in an independent study. Therefore, this study established a range of normal values and determined the reliability of the Gaitview® AFA-50 system.

Development of an Expectations Survey for Patients Undergoing Foot and Ankle Surgery

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1277-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Cody ◽  
Carol A. Mancuso ◽  
Aoife MacMahon ◽  
Anca Marinescu ◽  
Jayme C. Burket ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ankle Surgery

Background: Many authors have reported on patient satisfaction from foot and ankle surgery, but rarely on expectations, which may vary widely between patients and strongly affect satisfaction. In this study, we aimed to develop a patient-derived survey on expectations from foot and ankle surgery. Methods: We developed and tested our survey using a 3-phase process. Patients with a wide spectrum of foot and ankle diagnoses were enrolled. In phase 1, patients were interviewed preoperatively with open-ended questions about their expectations from surgery. Major concepts were grouped into categories that were used to form a draft survey. In phase 2, the survey was administered to preoperative patients on 2 occasions to establish test-retest reliability. In phase 3, the final survey items were selected based on weighted kappa values for response concordance and clinical relevance. Results: In phase 1, 94 preoperative patients volunteered 655 expectations. Twenty-nine representative categories were discerned by qualitative analysis and became the draft survey. In phase 2, another 60 patients completed the draft survey twice preoperatively. In phase 3, 23 items were retained for the final survey. For retained items, the average weighted kappa value was 0.54. An overall score was calculated based on the amount of improvement expected for each item on the survey and ranged from zero to 100, with higher scores indicating more expectations. For patients in phase 2, mean scores for both administrations were 65 and 66 and approximated normal distributions. The intraclass correlation coefficient between scores was 0.78. Conclusion: We developed a patient-derived survey specific to foot and ankle surgery that is valid, reliable, applicable to diverse diagnoses, and includes physical and psychological expectations. The survey generates an overall score that is easy to calculate and interpret, and thus offers a practical and comprehensive way to record patients’ expectations. We believe this survey may be used preoperatively by surgeons to help guide patients’ expectations and facilitate shared decision making. Level of Evidence: Level II, cross-sectional study.

Reliability and Validity of Center-of-Pressure Quantification

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Cornwall ◽  
Thomas G. McPoil
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Rearfoot Eversion ◽  
Medial Area

The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of two center-of-pressure quantification methods. One hundred five individuals (33 men and 72 women) with a mean age of 26.7 years participated in phase 1 of the study. Two measures of the center-of-pressure pattern, the lateral-medial area index and the lateral-medial force index, were calculated from plantar pressure data collected on all subjects. Between-trial reliability of the two measurements was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients. In phase 2, frontal plane motion of the rearfoot was recorded in 30 individuals. Pearson correlation coefficients were then calculated between the two center-of-pressure indices and the magnitude of rearfoot eversion obtained from each subject during walking. Intraclass correlation coefficient values ranged from 0.374 to 0.889 for the lateral-medial area index and from 0.215 to 0.905 for the lateral-medial force index. Pearson correlation coefficients between the two center-of-pressure indices and the rearfoot kinematic variables ranged from 0.050 to 0.165. The lateral-medial area index and the lateral-medial force index may have adequate between-trial reliability but are not related to the magnitude of frontal plane rearfoot eversion during the stance phase of walking. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 93(2): 142-149, 2003)

Comparing Methodologies in a Series of Speech Outcome Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecka Ahl ◽  
Anne Harding-Bell
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Speech Characteristics ◽  
Cleft Palate Repair ◽  
Listening Process

Background: Development of the speech audit tool Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech Augmented (CAPS-A) facilitated intercenter comparison of speech outcomes following cleft palate repair. The CAPS-A protocol recommends consensus listening by 3 speech and language therapists, 2 of whom must be CAPS-A trained. Allowing 15 minutes per sample, 15 to 20 samples can be assessed each day. Centers typically have resources to audit 15 to 75 samples per year but not to report speech outcomes of larger data sets for research. This 3-phased outcome study examines how the implementation of the CAPS-A protocol might be modified without compromising reliability. Methodology: In phase 1, 2 external listeners independently rated 42 speech samples; in phase 2, 2 external listeners consensus listened 25% of 140 samples before 1 listener independently rated the remainder; phase 3 compared 124 Great Ormond Street Speech Assessment (GOS.SP.ASS’98) records from live assessments with CAPS-A-rated video samples. Results: Hypernasality, nasal airflow, and passive cleft speech characteristics were rated to identify signs of velopharyngeal dysfunction across all phases. Phase 1 demonstrated suboptimal correlation, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ranging between 0.39 and 0.72. However, the “modified” CAPS-A consensus listening process in phase 2 achieved a mean ICC of 0.91. Phase 3 revealed only moderate agreement between GOS.SP.ASS’98 and CAPS-A. Conclusion: A large data set of speech samples was successfully managed by establishing good interrater reliability on 25% of the data, which calibrated the listeners and validated a decision for only 1 of 2 listeners to rate the remaining speech samples. The recommended implementation of the CAPS-A protocol can therefore be modified for more efficient speech outcome reporting.

Interobserver Reliability Using the Phonetic Level Evaluation With Severely and Profoundly Hearing-Impaired Children

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 989-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Shaw ◽  
Truman E. Coggins
Keyword(s):  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Assessment Measure ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Speech Assessment ◽  
Hearing Impaired Children

This study examines whether observers reliably categorize selected speech production behaviors in hearing-impaired children. A group of experienced speech-language pathologists was trained to score the elicited imitations of 5 profoundly and 5 severely hearing-impaired subjects using the Phonetic Level Evaluation (Ling, 1976). Interrater reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients. Overall, the magnitude of the coefficients was found to be considerably below what would be accepted in published behavioral research. Failure to obtain acceptably high levels of reliability suggests that the Phonetic Level Evaluation may not yet be an accurate and objective speech assessment measure for hearing-impaired children.

PENERAPAN MODEL QUANTUM LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR AUTOCAD SISWA KELAS X TEKNIK PEMESINAN SMK NEGERI 1 STABAT

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hasan Saragih
Keyword(s):  
Positive Response ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Quantum Learning

This classroom research was conducted on the autocad instructions to the first grade of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat aiming at : (1) improving the student’ archievementon autocad instructional to the student of mechinary architecture class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat, (2) applying Quantum Learning Model to the students of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat, arising the positive response to autocad subject by applying Quantum Learning Model of the students of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat. The result shows that (1) by applying quantum learning model, the students’ achievement improves significantly. The improvement ofthe achievement of the 34 students is very satisfactory; on the first phase, 27 students passed (70.59%), 10 students failed (29.41%). On the second phase 27 students (79.41%) passed and 7 students (20.59%) failed. On the third phase 30 students (88.24%) passed and 4 students (11.76%) failed. The application of quantum learning model in SMK Negeri 1 Stabat proved satisfying. This was visible from the activeness of the students from phase 1 to 3. The activeness average of the students was 74.31% on phase 1,81.35% on phase 2, and 83.63% on phase 3. (3) The application of the quantum learning model on teaching autocad was very positively welcome by the students of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat. On phase 1 the improvement was 81.53% . It improved to 86.15% on phase 3. Therefore, The improvement ofstudent’ response can be categorized good.

Clinical Drug Development for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Collaboration With the Pharmaceutical Industry and Regulatory Agencies

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-219
Author(s):  
Robyn J. Barst
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Preclinical Testing ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Drug development is the entire process of introducing a new drug to the market. It involves drug discovery, screening, preclinical testing, an Investigational New Drug (IND) application in the US or a Clinical Trial Application (CTA) in the EU, phase 1–3 clinical trials, a New Drug Application (NDA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA) review and approval, and postapproval studies required for continuing safety evaluation. Preclinical testing assesses safety and biologic activity, phase 1 determines safety and dosage, phase 2 evaluates efficacy and side effects, and phase 3 confirms efficacy and monitors adverse effects in a larger number of patients. Postapproval studies provide additional postmarketing data. On average, it takes 15 years from preclinical studies to regulatory approval by the FDA: about 3.5–6.5 years for preclinical, 1–1.5 years for phase 1, 2 years for phase 2, 3–3.5 years for phase 3, and 1.5–2.5 years for filing the NDA and completing the FDA review process. Of approximately 5000 compounds evaluated in preclinical studies, about 5 compounds enter clinical trials, and 1 compound is approved (Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development, 2011). Most drug development programs include approximately 35–40 phase 1 studies, 15 phase 2 studies, and 3–5 pivotal trials with more than 5000 patients enrolled. Thus, to produce safe and effective drugs in a regulated environment is a highly complex process. Against this backdrop, what is the best way to develop drugs for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), an orphan disease often rapidly fatal within several years of diagnosis and in which spontaneous regression does not occur?

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