Comparison of Myofascial Release Techniques on Pectoralis Minor Length, Glenohumeral Total Arc of Motion, and Skin Temperature: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Rivera ◽  
Lindsey Eberman ◽  
Kenneth Games ◽  
Cameron J. Powden
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Graston Technique ◽  
Myofascial Release ◽  
Pectoralis Minor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Postural Muscle ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Main Effects

Context: The pectoralis minor (PM) is an important postural muscle that may benefit from myofascial techniques, such as Graston Technique® (GT) and self-myofascial release (SMR). Objective: To examine the effects of GT and SMR on PM length, glenohumeral total arc of motion (TAM), and skin temperature. Design: Cohort. Setting: Laboratory. Participants: Twenty-six healthy participants (19 females and 7 males; age = 20.9 [2.24] y, height = 170.52 [8.66] cm, and weight = 72.45 [12.32] kg) with PM length restriction participated. Interventions: Participants were randomized to the intervention groups (GT = 12 and SMR = 14). GT and SMR interventions were both applied for a total of 5 minutes during each of the 3 treatment sessions. Main Outcome Measures: PM length, TAM, and skin temperature were collected before and after each intervention session (Pre1, Post1, Pre2, Post2, Pre3, and Post3) and at 1-week follow-up (follow-up). Separate intervention by time analyses of variance examined differences for each outcomes measure. Bonferroni post hoc analyses were completed when indicated. Significance was set a priori at P ≤ .05. Results: No significant intervention by time interactions were identified for PM length, TAM, or temperature (P > .05). No significant intervention main effects were identified for PM length (P > .05), TAM (P > .05), or temperature (P > .05) between the GT or SMR technique groups. Overall, time main effects were found for PM length (P = .02) and temperature (P < .001). Post hoc analysis showed a significant increase in PM length for both intervention groups at follow-up (P = .03) compared with Post2. Furthermore, there were significant increases in temperature at Post1 (P < .001), Post2 (P = .01), and Post3 (P < .001) compared with Pre1; Post2 was increased compared with Pre2 (P = .003), Pre3 (P < .001), and follow-up (P = .01); Post3 increased compared with Pre3 (P = .01) and follow-up (P = .01). Conclusion: Serial application of GT and SMR to the PM did not result in increases in PM length or TAM. Regardless of intervention, skin temperature increased following each intervention.

scholarly journals The Effects of Toothbrush Wear on the Surface Roughness and Gloss of Resin Composites with Various Types of Matrices

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Murtadha AlAli ◽  
Nikolaos Silikas ◽  
Julian Satterthwaite
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Hybrid Resin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Toothbrush Wear

Objective: To evaluate and compare the surface roughness and gloss of a DMA-free composite and Bis-GMA-free composite with a DMA-based composite before and after toothbrushing simulation. Materials and Methods: Fifteen dimensionally standardised composite specimens of three nano-hybrid resin composites (Tetric EvoCeram, Admira Fusion, and Venus Diamond) were used. Five specimens from each composite were polished and then subjected to a toothbrushing simulator. Surface roughness (Ra) and gloss were measured before toothbrushing and after 5000, 10,000, 15,000, and 20,000 toothbrushing cycles. The data was analysed using 5 × 3 ANOVA to assess surface roughness and gloss values and pairwise comparisons in the form of Tukey post hoc tests were performed to interpret main effects. Results: For all tested materials, surface roughness increased, and gloss decreased after toothbrushing abrasion. Surface roughness (Ra) values ranged from 0.14 to 0.22 μm at baseline and increased to between 0.41 and 0.49 μm after 20,000 toothbrushing cycles. Gloss values ranged between 31.9 and 50.6 GU at baseline and between 5.1 and 19.5 GU after 20,000 toothbrushing cycles. The lowest initial Ra value was detected in Venus Diamond and the highest initial gloss value was detected in Tetric EvoCeram. Conclusions: Simulated toothbrushing abrasion led to an increase in surface roughness and a decrease in gloss for all tested materials. Venus Diamond had the smoothest surface and Tetric EvoCeram had the glossiest surface after polishing and following 20,000 cycles of toothbrushing abrasion. Admira Fusion demonstrated the roughest surface and had the lowest gloss values before and after toothbrushing abrasion.

scholarly journals Infrared Thermography Follow-Up After Lower Limb Revascularization

2020 ◽  
pp. 193229682091231
Author(s):  
Arjaleena Ilo ◽  
Pekka Romsi ◽  
Matti Pokela ◽  
Jussi Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Mean

Background: The purpose of this study was with a simple clinical setting to compare skin temperature changes in the feet before and after revascularization and to identify possible correlation between ankle brachial index (ABI) and toe pressure (TP) values and foot skin temperature patient with and without diabetes. Methods: Forty outpatient clinic patients were measured ABI, TP, and the skin temperature using infrared thermography (IRT) at the foot before and after revascularization. Patients in the revascularization group were divided into subgroups depending on whether they had diabetes or not and a wound or not. Results: There were clear correlation between increase of ABI and TP and increase of the mean skin temperature on the feet after revascularization. The temperature was higher and the temperature change was greater among patients with diabetes. Side-to-side temperature difference between the revascularized feet and contralateral feet decreased after treatment. The mean temperature was higher in the feet with wound whether patient had diabetes mellitus or not. Conclusion: The simple, prompt, and noninvasive IRT procedure showed its potential as a follow-up tool among patients with diabetes or peripheral arterial disease and previous lower limb revascularization.

scholarly journals The SURF (Italian observational study for renal insufficiency evaluation in liver transplant recipients): a post-hoc between-sex analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delia Colombo ◽  
◽  
Alessandro Zullo ◽  
Lucia Simoni ◽  
Emanuela Zagni
Keyword(s):  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Liver Transplant Recipients

Abstract Background Female sex has been reported as an independent predictor of severe post-liver transplantation (LT) chronic kidney disease. We performed a by sex post-hoc analysis of the SURF study, that investigated the prevalence of renal impairment following LT, aimed at exploring possible differences between sexes in the prevalence and course of post-LT renal damage. Methods All patients enrolled in the SURF study were considered evaluable for this sex-based analysis, whose primary objective was to evaluate by sex the proportion of patients with estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73m2 at inclusion and follow-up visit. Results Seven hundred thirty-eight patients were included in our analysis, 76% males. The proportion of patients with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was significantly higher in females at initial study visit (33.3 vs 22.8%; p = 0.005), but also before, at time of transplantation (22.9 vs 14.7%; p = 0.0159), as analyzed retrospectively. At follow-up, such proportion increased more in males than in females (33.9 vs 26.0%, p = 0.04). Mean eGFR values decreased over the study in both sexes, with no significant differences. Statistically significant M/F differences in patient distribution by O’Riordan eGFR levels were observed at time of transplant and study initial visit (p = 0.0005 and 0.0299 respectively), but not at follow-up. Conclusions Though the limitation of being performed post-hoc, this analysis suggests potential sex differences in the prevalence of renal impairment before and after LT, encouraging further clinical research to explore such differences more in depth.

scholarly journals Apical transportation in simulated root canals prepared using HyFlex CM, WaveOne Gold and manual technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-339
Author(s):  
Gabriela Bonacina ◽  
Ana Carolina Neis Cifali ◽  
Rafaela Chies Hartmann ◽  
Maína De Aguiar Pinto ◽  
Maristela Gutierrez De Borba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Reciprocating Motion ◽  
Root Canal Preparation ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Continuous Rotation ◽  
Apical Transportation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Imagej Software ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Main Effects

Objective: To assess the apical transportation in simulated root canals with different curvature angles prepared using manual instrumentation and rotary and reciprocating motions. Methods: Sixty simulated root canals were prepared using manual instrumentation (Flexofile K-file) (MT), continuous rotation (HyFlex CM) (HF), and reciprocating motion (WaveOne Gold) (WG). A trained operator prepared the canals, and the apical enlargement was standardized up to a #25 file in all systems tested. Two different curvature angles of the simulated root canals were tested: 70° and 50°. Overlapping photographs of the simulated root canals, before and after root canal preparation, were used to measure the apical transportation (mm), using the ImageJ software. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were analyzed and the groups were compared with two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc, with α=5%. Results: There was a statistically significant interaction between the effects of group and angle in the apical transportation (F = 3.740; p = 0.031). Simple main effects analysis showed that HyFlex CM produced a significantly lower apical transportation when compared to WaveOne Gold (p = 0.02) and the manual technique (p < 0.01), regardless of the angle. However, there were no differences between WaveOne Gold and manual technique in canals with the 70° angle (p>0.05). The group with the highest mean apical transportation was the MT, with 0.0917 mm, followed by WG and HF, with 0.0633 and 0.0325, respectively. Conclusion: Simulated root canals prepared with rotary motion (HyFlex CM) showed the lowest apical transportation, followed by the reciprocating motion (WaveOne Gold). The manual technique showed the most unfavorable results, with the highest apical transportation.

Dimensionality and Signal Detection Effects on a Short-Term Memory Task with Mentally Retarded Children

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lee Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Main Effects

The purpose was to compare a priori and d′ measures using data from Swanson and Watson's (1976) study with 10 mentally retarded children on a serial recognition task. Treatment main effects were similar using both measures. Significant primacy and recency effects were found with d′ measures, however, this was not found in a post hoc analysis of proportion correct scores. The results suggested that future investigations of serial recognition performance with emotionally mentally retarded children use an unbiased index of memory strength.

The Effects of Goal Proximity on Skill Acquisition and Retention of a Shooting Task in a Field-Based Setting

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Ann Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Specific Goal ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Main Effects

This study investigated the effect of goal proximity on skill acquisition and retention of a selected shooting task. Twelve classes (n=181) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: (a) short-term goals, (b) a long-term goal, (c) short-term plus long-term goals, and (d) do-your-best goals. The pretest and six skill acquisition/retention trials were analyzed in a 4×2×6 (Goal Groups × Gender × Trials) MANCOVA design with repeated measures on the last factor and with the pretest as the covariate. Results of a multivariate F test revealed significant main effects for goal groups, gender, and trials. Post hoc tests indicated that the three specific goal-setting groups were superior to the do-your-best group. Males were statistically superior to females in the shooting task. The follow-up tests on trials revealed that as trials progressed, shooting performance improved significantly.

scholarly journals Comparison of Compressive Myofascial Release and the Graston Technique for Improving Ankle-Dorsiflexion Range of Motion

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Stanek ◽  
Taylor Sullivan ◽  
Samantha Davis
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Change ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Graston Technique ◽  
Myofascial Release ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control

Context:  Restricted dorsiflexion (DF) at the ankle joint can cause acute and chronic injuries at the ankle and knee. Myofascial release and instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) techniques have been used to increase range of motion (ROM); however, evidence directly comparing their effectiveness is limited. Objective:  To compare the effects of a single session of compressive myofascial release (CMR) or IASTM using the Graston Technique (GT) on closed chain ankle-DF ROM. Design:  Randomized controlled trial. Setting:  Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants:  Participants were 44 physically active people (53 limbs) with less than 30° of DF. Intervention(s):  Limbs were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: control, CMR, or GT. Both treatment groups received one 5-minute treatment that included scanning the area and treating specific restrictions. The control group sat for 5 minutes before measurements were retaken. Main Outcome Measure(s):  Standing and kneeling ankle DF were measured before and immediately after treatment. Change scores were calculated for both positions, and two 1-way analyses of variance were conducted. Results:  A difference between groups was found in the standing (F2,52 = 13.78, P = .001) and kneeling (F2,52 = 5.85, P = .01) positions. Post hoc testing showed DF improvements in the standing position after CMR compared with the GT and control groups (both P = .001). In the kneeling position, DF improved after CMR compared with the control group (P = .005). Conclusions Compressive myofascial release increased ankle DF after a single treatment in participants with DF ROM deficits. Clinicians should consider adding CMR as a treatment intervention for patients with DF deficits.

scholarly journals Moving toward better health: exercise practice is associated with improved outcomes after spine surgery in people with degenerative lumbar conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. E419-E427
Author(s):  
Carolyn E. Schwartz ◽  
Roland B. Stark ◽  
Phumeena Balasuberamaniam ◽  
Mopina Shrikumar ◽  
Abeer Wasim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Physical Component Score ◽  
Component Score ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Main Effects

Background: Recovery and rehabilitation following surgery can take many months. Understanding what patients can do to facilitate recovery would be beneficial for spinal surgeons. This study sought to evaluate the impact of exercise practice, before and after surgery, on long-term outcomes of spine surgery in a robust clinical sample. Methods: This prospective longitudinal cohort study included adult patients undergoing spinal surgery for degenerative spinal conditions. Patients were administered a survey that included preoperative and postoperative exercise practices and the following patient-reported outcome measures: the physical component score (PCS) and mental component score (MCS) of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Survey (Rand-36), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score, the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score for pain and the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pain Interference Short Form score. Random effects models investigated the relationship of exercise, follow-up time and their interaction in predicting each patient-reported outcome measure over time, with and without sociodemographic covariates. Results: There were 168 patients in the study sample with up to 12 months of follow-up data. Analysis revealed modest significant main effects of exercise on PCS, MCS, ODI and PROMIS scores and main effects of time on all outcomes. The exercise-by-time interaction was significant in predicting the trajectories of the ODI and MCS scores. When full models were adjusted for education and employment status, interaction effects were no longer significant, but exercise main effects remained significant for ODI score. Conclusion: Patients who engage in exercise before and after spine surgery have better mental health and spine-specific recovery trajectories than those who do not. All health care providers should encourage patients to exercise while they are waiting for surgery within preoperative limitations and as soon as they are able after surgery and to continue this over the long term.

Treating Velopharyngeal Inadequacy Using Bilateral Buccal Flap Revision Palatoplasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 878-892
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Napoli ◽  
Linda D. Vallino
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Buccal Flap

Purpose The 2 most commonly used operations to treat velopharyngeal inadequacy (VPI) are superiorly based pharyngeal flap and sphincter pharyngoplasty, both of which may result in hyponasal speech and airway obstruction. The purpose of this article is to (a) describe the bilateral buccal flap revision palatoplasty (BBFRP) as an alternative technique to manage VPI while minimizing these risks and (b) conduct a systematic review of the evidence of BBFRP on speech and other clinical outcomes. A report comparing the speech of a child with hypernasality before and after BBFRP is presented. Method A review of databases was conducted for studies of buccal flaps to treat VPI. Using the principles of a systematic review, the articles were read, and data were abstracted for study characteristics that were developed a priori. With respect to the case report, speech and instrumental data from a child with repaired cleft lip and palate and hypernasal speech were collected and analyzed before and after surgery. Results Eight articles were included in the analysis. The results were positive, and the evidence is in favor of BBFRP in improving velopharyngeal function, while minimizing the risk of hyponasal speech and obstructive sleep apnea. Before surgery, the child's speech was characterized by moderate hypernasality, and after surgery, it was judged to be within normal limits. Conclusion Based on clinical experience and results from the systematic review, there is sufficient evidence that the buccal flap is effective in improving resonance and minimizing obstructive sleep apnea. We recommend BBFRP as another approach in selected patients to manage VPI. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9919352

The Link Between Verbal Short-Term Memory and Anomia Treatment Gains

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1039-1052
Author(s):  
Reva M. Zimmerman ◽  
JoAnn P. Silkes ◽  
Diane L. Kendall ◽  
Irene Minkina
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Treatment Gains ◽  
Post Hoc

Purpose A significant relationship between verbal short-term memory (STM) and language performance in people with aphasia has been found across studies. However, very few studies have examined the predictive value of verbal STM in treatment outcomes. This study aims to determine if verbal STM can be used as a predictor of treatment success. Method Retrospective data from 25 people with aphasia in a larger randomized controlled trial of phonomotor treatment were analyzed. Digit and word spans from immediately pretreatment were run in multiple linear regression models to determine whether they predict magnitude of change from pre- to posttreatment and follow-up naming accuracy. Pretreatment, immediately posttreatment, and 3 months posttreatment digit and word span scores were compared to determine if they changed following a novel treatment approach. Results Verbal STM, as measured by digit and word spans, did not predict magnitude of change in naming accuracy from pre- to posttreatment nor from pretreatment to 3 months posttreatment. Furthermore, digit and word spans did not change from pre- to posttreatment or from pretreatment to 3 months posttreatment in the overall analysis. A post hoc analysis revealed that only the less impaired group showed significant changes in word span scores from pretreatment to 3 months posttreatment. Discussion The results suggest that digit and word spans do not predict treatment gains. In a less severe subsample of participants, digit and word span scores can change following phonomotor treatment; however, the overall results suggest that span scores may not change significantly. The implications of these findings are discussed within the broader purview of theoretical and empirical associations between aphasic language and verbal STM processing.

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