Dimensionality and Signal Detection Effects on a Short-Term Memory Task with Mentally Retarded Children

The purpose was to compare a priori and d′ measures using data from Swanson and Watson's (1976) study with 10 mentally retarded children on a serial recognition task. Treatment main effects were similar using both measures. Significant primacy and recency effects were found with d′ measures, however, this was not found in a post hoc analysis of proportion correct scores. The results suggested that future investigations of serial recognition performance with emotionally mentally retarded children use an unbiased index of memory strength.

Download Full-text

Dimensional Salience and Short-Term Memory Recognition in Mentally Retarded Children

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1976.42.3c.1163 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 42 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1163-1166 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

H. Lee Swanson ◽

Bill Watson

Keyword(s):

Response Bias ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

A Priori ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Mentally Retarded ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Mentally Retarded Children ◽

Educable Mentally Retarded ◽

Memory Recognition

The purpose of this investigation was to test the a priori assumption that three-dimensional materials facilitate short-term memory recognition in 10 educable mentally retarded children. Measures from signal detection theory were used to differentiate between strength of memory and response bias. Significantly better recognition was found with three-dimensional material than two-dimensional representations. Primacy and recency effects, as well as a response bias for middle positions, were found in both treatment conditions. Present findings support Haltom's (1970) hierarchy of stimulus salience.

Download Full-text

Response Strategies and Stimulus Salience with Learning Disabled and Mentally Retarded Children on a Short-term Memory Task

Journal of Learning Disabilities ◽

10.1177/002221947701001010 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 635-642

Author(s):

H. Lee Swanson

Keyword(s):

Short Term Memory ◽

Memory Task ◽

Mentally Retarded ◽

Learning Disabled ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Response Strategies ◽

Stimulus Salience ◽

Mentally Retarded Children

Download Full-text

Is Sternberg’s Memory Scanning Task Really a Short-Term Memory Task?

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000112 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 181-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Lucie Corbin ◽

Josette Marquer

Keyword(s):

Visual Search ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Memory Task ◽

Recognition Task ◽

Verbal Working Memory ◽

Recall Condition ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Search Tasks ◽

Experimental Constraint

Sternberg’s paradigm is currently viewed as a typical short-term memory task and is widely used to tap mnemonic capacities in neuroscience studies. However, Sternberg’s original procedure includes an experimental constraint – recalling the sequence of digits in order – which was not reused in the following studies. In previous research ( Corbin & Marquer, 2008 , 2009 ), we showed that the recall constraint has an impact on the quantitative results as well as on the strategies implemented. These findings led us to wonder whether the presence or absence of this simple experimental constraint could also affect the processes implemented in Sternberg’s task. In order to answer this question, we analyzed the relationships between the performance levels of 50 participants on Sternberg’s task on various well-known span tasks and on a classical visual search task. The results showed that, in the recall condition, Sternberg’s paradigm appears to be a verbal working memory task, whereas in the no-recall condition, the task appears to be a recognition task that involves visuospatial memory capacities. In this latter condition, the processes implemented may be more similar to those implemented in visual search tasks.

Download Full-text

Lateral Preference and Ability to Conserve Multiple Spatial Relations by Mentally Retarded Children

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1972.35.1.151 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 151-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

John R. Kershner

Keyword(s):

Visual Imagery ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Spatial Relations ◽

Mentally Retarded ◽

Spatial Task ◽

Short Term ◽

Lateral Preference ◽

Motor Functioning ◽

Visual Spatial ◽

Mentally Retarded Children

31 trainable mentally retarded children were divided into lateralized and mixed-dominant groups and were then tested for their ability to perform a spatial task requiring short-term memory and reversible visual imagery. Retarded children with inconsistent and crossed laterality patterns were better in visual-spatial ability than retarded children whose sided preferences were unilateral in eye, hand, ear and foot modalities. The results support the developmental importance of bilateral sensory and motor functioning.

Download Full-text

Sensing-HH: A Deep Hybrid Attention Model for Footwear Recognition

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics9091552 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1552

Author(s):

Yumin Yao ◽

Ya Wen ◽

Jianxin Wang

Keyword(s):

Short Term Memory ◽

Gait Recognition ◽

Recognition Task ◽

Gait Pattern ◽

Human Gait ◽

Smart Devices ◽

Motion Sensors ◽

Attention Model ◽

Young Females ◽

Using Data

The human gait pattern is an emerging biometric trait for user identification of smart devices. However, one of the challenges in this biometric domain is the gait pattern change caused by footwear, especially if the users are wearing high heels (HH). Wearing HH puts extra stress and pressure on various parts of the human body and it alters the wearer’s common gait pattern, which may cause difficulties in gait recognition. In this paper, we propose the Sensing-HH, a deep hybrid attention model for recognizing the subject’s shoes, flat or different types of HH, using smartphone’s motion sensors. In this model, two streams of convolutional and bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) networks are designed as the backbone, which extract the hierarchical spatial and temporal representations of accelerometer and gyroscope individually. We also introduce a spatio attention mechanism into the stacked convolutional layers to scan the crucial structure of the data. This mechanism enables the hybrid neural networks to capture extra information from the signal and thus it is able to significantly improve the discriminative power of the classifier for the footwear recognition task. To evaluate Sensing-HH, we built a dataset with 35 young females, each of whom walked for 4 min wearing shoes with varied heights of the heels. We conducted extensive experiments and the results demonstrated that the Sensing-HH outperformed the baseline models on leave-one-subject-out cross-validation (LOSO-CV). The Sensing-HH achieved the best Fm score, which was 0.827 when the smartphone was attached to the waist. This outperformed all the baseline methods at least by more than 14%. Meanwhile, the F1 Score of the Ultra HH was as high as 0.91. The results suggest the proposed model has made the footwear recognition more efficient and automated. We hope the findings from this study paves the way for a more sophisticated application using data from motion sensors, as well as lead to a path to a more robust biometric system based on gait pattern.

Download Full-text

Mnemonic Strategy Instruction in Coding, Processing, and Recall of Movement-Related Cues by Mentally Retarded Children

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1983.57.2.547 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 547-557 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

James S. Horgan

Keyword(s):

Short Term Memory ◽

Strategy Instruction ◽

Mentally Retarded ◽

Short Term ◽

Mnemonic Strategy ◽

Formal Instruction ◽

Code Process ◽

Mentally Retarded Children ◽

Mnemonic Instruction ◽

Differential Coding

The purpose of study was to examine the differential coding and processing characteristics of two movement cue types in the investigation of the short-term memory of mentally retarded and nonretarded children. The central focus of the study was to determine the effects of formal instruction in the use of a mnemonic versus no instruction with both types of cues in a memory for movement paradigm. The investigation was conducted across two experiments. The main conclusion drawn from Exp. 1 was that movement ‘location’ cues were coded, processed, and retained by both the mentally retarded and the nonretarded children, but only the former required instruction in the use of a mnemonic to achieve accurate recall. Exp. 2 was fundamentally a replication of Exp. 1 with the exception that movement ‘extent’ cues were maintained reliable. The results were similar but not exactly the same as those of Exp. 1. Only the mentally retarded children given mnemonic instruction appeared to code, process, and retain movement ‘extent’ cues over time. The net result of the two experiments was that formal instruction in the use of a mnemonic was of benefit to the mentally retarded subjects and was not necessary for nonretarded subjects to achieve the same level of movement accuracy.

Download Full-text

KOMUNIKASI ANTAR PRIBADI ORANG TUA DENGAN ANAK KETERBELAKANGAN MENTAL

Profesional: Jurnal Komunikasi dan Administrasi Publik ◽

10.37676/professional.v1i2.131 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Syisva Nurwita

Keyword(s):

Mental Retardation ◽

Interpersonal Communication ◽

Participant Observation ◽

Mentally Retarded ◽

Know How ◽

Parents And Children ◽

Mentally Retarded Children ◽

Using Data ◽

Data Collection Technique ◽

Depth Interviews

This research is entitled Interpersonal Communication of Parents with Children who Have Mental Retardation. In this research, the researcher wants to know how communication is used by parents with mental retardation. The aim of this research is to describe the interpersonal communication that is used in communicating with mentally retarded children. This research is a descriptive qualitative study using data collection technique that uses the technique of participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The result of this study shows that the interpersonal communication of parents with children who have mental retardation is interpersonal communication through verbal and non-verbal communication. The interpersonal communication is the most appropriate communication of parents of mentally retarded children because the interpersonal communication uses multiple stages, including contacts, involvement, and familiarity. The interpersonal communication is used for children with mental retardation can complete tasks the duties of the development of a normal child of his age.Keywords: Interpersonal Communication, Parents and Children, Mental Retardation

Download Full-text

Terapi Bermain Puzzle Berpengaruh Terhadap Kemampuan Memori Jangka Pendek Anak Tunagrahita

Jurnal Endurance ◽

10.22216/jen.v4i3.4385 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 630

Author(s):

Sutinah Sutinah

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Digit Span ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Mentally Retarded ◽

Statistical Test ◽

P Value ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Mentally Retarded Children

Anak tunagrahita memiliki keterbatasan intelegensi dan ketidakcakapan dalam interaksi sosial sehingga mereka memiliki keterbatasan dalam kemampuan kognitif, verbal, motorik dan sosialisasi. Fleksibilitas yang kurang dan perkembangan sel kortikal yang lambat menyebabkan anak tunagrahita memiliki masalah dalam memori khususnya memori jangka pendek. Puzzle merupakan alat permainan edukatif yang memiliki manfaat meningkatkan daya ingat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi bermain puzzle terhadap kemampuan memori jangka pendek anak tunagrahita ringan. Desain penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode quasy experimen dengan pengambilan sampel simple random sampling sebesar 22 responden. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi tes digit span. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji statistik T-berpasangan dengan signifikansi 0,05. Hasil penelitian uji statistik menunjukkan nilai p-value= 0,000 yang artinya terdapat pengaruh terapi bermain puzzle terhadap kemampuan memori jangka pendek anak tunagrahita ringan. The children with mentally retarded have an limited intelligence and incompetence in social interactions. They are have a limitations in cognitive, verbal, motoric and socialization abilities. The Poor flexibility and slow cortical cell development causes mentally retarded children to have problems in memory, especially short-term memory. Puzzle is an educational game tool that has a benefit of improving the memory. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of puzzle play therapy on short-term memory abilities of mild mentally retarded children. The quantitative research design was use the quasy method experiment with simple random sampling in 22 respondents. The research instrument used the observation sheet of the digit span test. This study used the T-paired statistical test with a significance of 0.05. The results of the statistical test show the value of p-value=0,000, which means that there is an effect of playing puzzle therapy on short-term memory abilities of mild mentally retarded children.

Download Full-text

A Novel Multi-Input Bidirectional LSTM and HMM Based Approach for Target Recognition from Multi-Domain Radar Range Profiles

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics8050535 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 535 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fei Gao ◽

Teng Huang ◽

Jun Wang ◽

Jinping Sun ◽

Amir Hussain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Frequency Domain ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Target Identification ◽

Target Recognition ◽

Recognition Performance ◽

Recognition Task ◽

Identification Accuracy ◽

Time Frequency ◽

Sequence Features ◽

Novel Target

Radars, as active detection sensors, are known to play an important role in various intelligent devices. Target recognition based on high-resolution range profile (HRRP) is an important approach for radars to monitor interesting targets. Traditional recognition algorithms usually rely on a single feature, which makes it difficult to maintain the recognition performance. In this paper, 2-D sequence features from HRRP are extracted in various data domains such as time-frequency domain, time domain, and frequency domain. A novel target identification method is then proposed, by combining bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BLSTM) and a Hidden Markov Model (HMM), to learn these multi-domain sequence features. Specifically, we first extract multi-domain HRRP sequences. Next, a new multi-input BLSTM is proposed to learn these multi-domain HRRP sequences, which are then fed to a standard HMM classifier to learn multi-aspect features. Finally, the trained HMM is used to implement the recognition task. Extensive experiments are carried out on the publicly accessible, benchmark MSTAR database. Our proposed algorithm is shown to achieve an identification accuracy of over 91% with a lower false alarm rate and higher identification confidence, compared to several state-of-the-art techniques.

Download Full-text

Comparison of Myofascial Release Techniques on Pectoralis Minor Length, Glenohumeral Total Arc of Motion, and Skin Temperature: A Pilot Study

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.2018-0130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 137-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Matthew Rivera ◽

Lindsey Eberman ◽

Kenneth Games ◽

Cameron J. Powden

Keyword(s):

Skin Temperature ◽

A Priori ◽

Graston Technique ◽

Myofascial Release ◽

Pectoralis Minor ◽

Before And After ◽

Postural Muscle ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Main Effects

Context: The pectoralis minor (PM) is an important postural muscle that may benefit from myofascial techniques, such as Graston Technique® (GT) and self-myofascial release (SMR). Objective: To examine the effects of GT and SMR on PM length, glenohumeral total arc of motion (TAM), and skin temperature. Design: Cohort. Setting: Laboratory. Participants: Twenty-six healthy participants (19 females and 7 males; age = 20.9 [2.24] y, height = 170.52 [8.66] cm, and weight = 72.45 [12.32] kg) with PM length restriction participated. Interventions: Participants were randomized to the intervention groups (GT = 12 and SMR = 14). GT and SMR interventions were both applied for a total of 5 minutes during each of the 3 treatment sessions. Main Outcome Measures: PM length, TAM, and skin temperature were collected before and after each intervention session (Pre1, Post1, Pre2, Post2, Pre3, and Post3) and at 1-week follow-up (follow-up). Separate intervention by time analyses of variance examined differences for each outcomes measure. Bonferroni post hoc analyses were completed when indicated. Significance was set a priori at P ≤ .05. Results: No significant intervention by time interactions were identified for PM length, TAM, or temperature (P > .05). No significant intervention main effects were identified for PM length (P > .05), TAM (P > .05), or temperature (P > .05) between the GT or SMR technique groups. Overall, time main effects were found for PM length (P = .02) and temperature (P < .001). Post hoc analysis showed a significant increase in PM length for both intervention groups at follow-up (P = .03) compared with Post2. Furthermore, there were significant increases in temperature at Post1 (P < .001), Post2 (P = .01), and Post3 (P < .001) compared with Pre1; Post2 was increased compared with Pre2 (P = .003), Pre3 (P < .001), and follow-up (P = .01); Post3 increased compared with Pre3 (P = .01) and follow-up (P = .01). Conclusion: Serial application of GT and SMR to the PM did not result in increases in PM length or TAM. Regardless of intervention, skin temperature increased following each intervention.

Download Full-text