Endocrinology and Pediatric Exercise Science—The Year That Was 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alon Eliakim
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Exercise Science ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Intense Training ◽  
Igfbp 3

The Pediatric Exercise Science “Year That Was” section aims to highlight the most important (to the author’s opinion) manuscripts that were published in 2017 in the field of endocrinology and pediatric exercise science. This year’s selection includes studies showing that 1) in pubertal swimmers, there is a decrease in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) during intense training (a catabolic-type hormonal response) with an anabolic “rebound” characterized by a significant increase of these growth factors during training tapering down. Moreover, it was shown that changes of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 paralleled changes in peak and average force but not with endurance properties, showing decreases during intense training and increases during tapering; 2) a meta-analysis showing that growth hormone administration elicits significant changes in body composition and possible limited effect on anaerobic performance but does not increase either muscle strength or aerobic exercise capacity in healthy, young subjects; and 3) short-term exercise intervention can prevent the development of polycystic ovary syndrome in a dose-dependent manner in letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome rat model with high-intensity exercise being most effective. The implication of these studies to the pediatric population, their importance, and the new research avenues that were opened by these studies is emphasized.

Serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) in IVF patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: correlations with outcome

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine D. Schoyer ◽  
Hung-Ching Liu ◽  
Steven Witkin ◽  
Zev Rosenwaks ◽  
Steven D. Spandorfer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Igf Binding Protein ◽  
Igfbp 3

scholarly journals Leptin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome before and after treatment with diazoxide

1998 ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
GE Krassas ◽  
TT Kaltsas ◽  
N Pontikides ◽  
H Jacobs ◽  
W Blum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Igfbp 3

Leptin, a product of the ob gene, is a 16 kDa protein which is produced by adipocytes. In humans, obesity is a common finding in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The role, however, of leptin in PCOS is not clear. Some studies have reported increased levels of leptin in PCOS, while others report that they are normal. Also, insulin resistance is a common finding in PCOS. The aim of this study was to investigate further the role of insulin in leptin secretion in patients with PCOS by treating them for 10 days with diazoxide, an insulin-reducing compound. Eight women with PCOS, mean age 22.1 +/- 2.7 years, with mean body mass index (BMI) 28.4 +/- 5.7kg/m2, were studied. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in all women and blood samples were taken before and at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min after the administration of glucose. Glucose, insulin, leptin, free testosterone, delta4 androstenedione, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), LH, FSH, IGF-I and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) were measured in the sera taken before the administration of glucose, while glucose and insulin levels were measured in all samples which were collected after the administration of glucose. Diazoxide 300 mg daily was given to all women starting after the end of the OGTT for 10 days. A second OGTT was performed the day after the discontinuation of the diazoxide treatment. The same hormonal and biochemical parameters were also measured in all patients during the second OGTT. After the administration of diazoxide a reduction in sum insulin (262 +/- 147 vs 679 +/- 341 microU/ml. P<().01), leptin (18.5 +/- 10.6 vs 24.2 +/- 10.2 ng/ml, P<0.01), free testosterone (3.0 +/- 1.9 vs 5.1 +/- 1.9 pg/ml, P<0.01), delta4 androstenedione (3.8 +/- 1.9 vs 5.7 +/- 2.0 ng/ml, P<0.01) and IGF-I (219.5 +/- 69.2 vs 314.5 +/- 82.3 ng/ml, P<0.01) levels was observed. Serum SHBG (38.8 +/- 16.8 vs 27.8 +/- 12.1 nmol/l, P<0.01) and sum glucose levels (994.1 +/- 252.7 vs 711.1 +/- 166.1 mg/dl, P<0.05) were increased while IGFBP-3 (3.96 +/- 2.49 vs 3.75 +/- 2.24mg/l), FSH (6.2 +/- 1.8 vs 6.0 +/- 2.5 mU/l) and LH (18.9 +/- 6.7 vs 21.4 +/- 6.7 mU/l) concentrations did not change significantly. A significant positive correlation was found between serum leptin and BMI values before and after administration of diazoxide as well as between leptin, insulin and IGFBP-3 values. Also, sum insulin values correlated significantly with BMI. However, when multiple regression analysis was used this correlation was eliminated except that between leptin and BMI. This was most probably due to the small number of cases. The mechanism of the reduction of leptin levels is unclear. However, it is suggested that the concomitant decrease of insulin levels may play a role.

scholarly journals Amplified and orderly growth hormone secretion characterizes lean adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome

2002 ◽  
pp. 207-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Garcia-Rudaz ◽  
MG Ropelato ◽  
ME Escobar ◽  
JD Veldhuis ◽  
M Barontini
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Deconvolution Analysis ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Serum Gh ◽  
Igfbp 3

OBJECTIVE: The present study evaluated the hypothesis that pulsatile GH secretion is altered in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Thirteen adolescent girls with PCOS (ages 13-19 years) and ten eumenorrheic controls (ages 14-19 years) matched for a range of body mass index (BMI) values underwent blood sampling every 20 min for 12 h overnight. METHODS: Serum concentrations of GH and LH were measured by specific immunofluorometric assays (IFMA). Pulsatile secretion was quantitated by deconvolution analysis and pattern orderliness by the approximate entropy (ApEn) statistic. Fasting serum androstenedione, testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, estrone, estradiol, insulin and IGF-I concentrations were measured by RIA, GH-binding protein (GHBP) by IFMA and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1 and IGFBP-3 by IRMA. RESULTS: Twelve-hour mean and integrated GH concentrations, the mass of GH secreted per burst, and the GH pulse frequency were not distinguishable in patients with PCOS and controls as a whole. Subanalysis of non-obese (BMI<25 kg/m(2)) PCOS and healthy volunteers disclosed elevated 12-h GH production rates (P=0.03) and integrated serum GH concentrations (P=0.04) in (lean) patients with PCOS. ApEn analysis of the orderliness of GH release showed remarkably more regular GH secretion patterns (lower ApEn of GH release) in girls with PCOS compared with controls (P=0.02). Serum GHBP, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations were similar in both groups, whether lean or obese. However, IGFBP-1 levels were lower in the combined group of PCOS subjects compared with BMI-matched controls (P<0.05). In volunteers with PCOS, mean (12-h) serum GH concentrations correlated positively with mean serum LH levels (P=0.006). Based on deconvolution analysis, the 12-h production rate and the mass of GH secreted per burst also correlated strongly with the cognate LH measure (both predicted) (P=0.004) in PCOS. Androstenedione levels were also related to the 12-h GH secretion rate (P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that non-obese adolescents with PCOS secrete GH at a higher rate and with more orderly patterns, resembling a male profile. Determining whether this pattern reflects an intrinsic hypothalamic abnormality or is secondary to androgen excess in PCOS will require further studies.

scholarly journals Association of three missense mutations in the homocysteine-related MTHFR and MTRR gene with risk of polycystic ovary syndrome in Southern Chinese women

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanqin Feng ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Yuan Pan ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Minjuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Homocysteine Level ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Southern Chinese

Abstract Background The etiology between homocysteine and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is unclear. In humans, the level of homocysteine is mainly affected by two enzymes: methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR). While the activity of these two enzymes is mainly affected by three missense mutations, namely C677T (MTHFR), A1298C (MTHFR), and A66G (MTRR). This study aims to examine the association between the three missense mutations and PCOS and investigate whether the three missense mutations exerted their effect on PCOS by affecting the homocysteine level. Methods A case-control study was designed, comprising 150 people with PCOS and 300 controls. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between the three missense mutations and PCOS. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between the three missense mutations and the homocysteine level. Mediation analysis was used to investigate whether the three missense mutations exerted their effect on PCOS by affecting the homocysteine level. Results Following adjustments and multiple rounds of testing, MTHFR A1298C was found to be significantly associated with PCOS in a dose-dependent manner (compared to AA, OR = 2.142 for AC & OR = 3.755 for CC; P < 0.001). MTRR A66G was nominally associated with PCOS. Mutations in MTHFR A1298C and MTRR A66G were significantly associated with the homocysteine level. Mediation analysis suggested the effect of MTHFR A1298C on PCOS was mediated by homocysteine. Conclusions MTHFR A1298C and MTRR A66G were associated with PCOS, and MTHFR A1298C might affect the risk of PCOS by influencing the homocysteine level.

Impacts of Metformin on Local Ovarian Cell Tissue of Rats with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Intestinal Flora Under Aerobic Exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2381-2388
Author(s):  
Xiao Yan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Ovarian Cell ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Igf I

In order to explore the possible treatment mechanism of metformin on the local ovarian cell tissue of rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), 35 female clean sterile rats were selected as the research objects in this study, and randomly divided a PCOS model group (PCOS MG) (25 rats) and a control group (CG) (10 rats). After the modelling was completed, 5 rats were randomly selected to evaluate the modelling effect. When the success rate was higher than 80%, the remaining model rats were divided into two groups randomly, namely the (PCOS MG) (10 rats) and the treatment group (TG) (10 rats). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed on ovarian tissue of the rat, and the ovarian tissue structure was observed under light microscope. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the distribution and expression levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) on the ovaries of rats in each group. It was found by observing the vaginal smear under the microscope that the rats in the (PCOS MG) had lost the regular estrous cycle, suggesting that there was no ovulation. The expression levels of TNF-α and CTGF in rats in the (PCOS MG) were greatly higher than those in the CG (P < 0.05); compared with the (PCOS MG), the expression levels of TNF-α and CTGF in the TG were decreased observably (P < 0.05). IGF-I was mainly expressed in granulosa cells (GCs) and follicular membrane cells (FMCs) of the ovarian tissue. The expression level of IGF-I in ovarian GCs in rats in the (PCOS MG) was significantly higher than that in the CG (P < 0.05). The expression level of IGF-I in GCs in the TG was lower significantly than that in the (PCOS MG) (P < 0.05). By comparing with rats in the CG, the rats in the (PCOS MG) had obviously decreased Actinobacteria and Betaproteobacteria in the intestinal tract, and the proportion of Firmicutes in the intestine was significantly increased; the amount of butyric acid in the faeces of rats with aerobic exercise was obviously higher than that in the (PCOS MG), because exercise increased the proportion of intestinal butyric acid-producing bacteria. Conclusion: metformin combined with aerobic exercise can treat the PCOS by regulating serum hormone levels and the expression levels of TNF-α, IGF-I, and CTGF.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Effects of Exercise on Hormones in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Grei Shele ◽  
Jessica Genkil ◽  
Diana Speelman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Androgen Levels

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that is characterized by menstrual irregularity and elevated serum androgens, and is often accompanied by insulin resistance. The etiology of PCOS is unknown. Lifestyle interventions and weight loss, where appropriate, remain first-line treatments for women with PCOS. Regular physical activity is recommended for women with PCOS to maintain a healthy weight and cardiovascular fitness. Purpose: To review the evidence for the impact of various exercise interventions on hormone levels in women with PCOS. Methods: A systematic review of original studies indexed in PubMed that utilized an exercise intervention in women with PCOS and reported hormone values pre- and post-intervention. Studies in which the effects of the exercise intervention could be determined were included. Results: Vigorous aerobic exercise improves insulin measures in women with PCOS. Resistance or strength training may improve androgen levels, though additional studies are warranted. Studies with yoga are limited but suggest improvements in androgens. Limited information is available on the impact of exercise on adipokines and anti-Müllerian hormone, warranting further investigation. Conclusions: Recommended guidelines for women with PCOS include vigorous aerobic exercise and resistance training to improve measures of insulin sensitivity and androgen levels.

scholarly journals Comparative Success of Recruitment Strategies for an Exercise Intervention Trial Among Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Observational Study

10.2196/25208 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. e25208
Author(s):  
Jamie L Benham ◽  
Jane E Booth ◽  
Christine M Friedenreich ◽  
Doreen M Rabi ◽  
Ronald J Sigal
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Recruitment Strategy ◽  
Recruitment Strategies ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
Time Investment

Background Effective and efficient participant recruitment is a key determinant of the success of a research program. Previously reported recruitment strategies have displayed variable success rates in studies on women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and cost per participant of the recruitment strategies that we used in a prospective randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of exercise training among inactive women with PCOS, who are aged 18-40 years. Methods The 4 recruitment methods we used were as follows: (1) referral by health care providers or by word of mouth, (2) media (eg, local newspaper stories and radio interviews), (3) Facebook advertisements, and (4) unpaid advertisements including posters and websites. The proportions of potential, eligible, and enrolled participants recruited with each method were determined and compared using tests of proportion. The time investment and cost per participant enrolled were calculated for each recruitment strategy. Results Of 200 potential participants screened, 98 (49%) were recruited from unpaid advertisements (posters and websites), 70 (35%) from Facebook advertisements, 16 (8%) by referral, and 16 (8%) from traditional media (newspaper and radio). Every potential participant was recruited from separate means (ie, no participant was approached through more than one recruitment method). A total of 109 (54.5%) women were deemed eligible for participation in the trial, and 60 (30.0%) were enrolled. The proportion of potential participants who completed the trial was higher for those recruited from traditional media than from Facebook advertisements (n=7/16, 44% vs n=13/70, 19%, respectively; P=.03) or unpaid advertisements (n=7/16, 44% vs n=13/98, 13%, respectively; P=.002). The cost per participant was Can $18.21 (US $14.46) for Facebook advertisements and Can $43.88 (US $34.85) for unpaid advertisements. There were no direct trial costs for referrals or traditional media. Conclusions For this trial, each method was important for recruiting inactive women with PCOS because no participant reported learning about the trial through more than one method. Unpaid advertisements and Facebook advertisements helped recruit the largest number of participants in the trial, the former resulting in a higher cost per participant than the latter. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03362918; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03362918

scholarly journals The Characterization of Obese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rat Model Suitable for Exercise Intervention

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e99155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuyan Wu ◽  
Feng Lin ◽  
Shuwei Qiu ◽  
Zhongli Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

scholarly journals UCA1 and microRNA-18a signaling pathway mediates the irisin-lowering effect of met in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Tian Hua ◽  
Xiaodong Li ◽  
Xinxian Zhang ◽  
Wei Hao
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Lowering Effect ◽  
Pcos Group

IntroductionThe present study aimed to clarify the underlying mechanism of metformin (met) in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to explore the role of UCA1/ microRNA-18a signaling pathway in the control of PCOS.Material and methodsReal-time PCR was performed to compare the level of irisin, blood glucose, UCA1 and miR-18a among PCOS, PCOS + Met, and control groups using area under curve (AUC) values. In-silicon analysis and luciferase assay were performed to explore the regulatory relationship among UCA1, miR-18a and irisin. Real-time PCR and Western-blot analysis were carried out to detect the effect of met on the expression of UCA1, miR-18a and irisin.ResultsAUC of UCA1 was the highest while AUC of irisin was the lowest. Also, irisin and UCA1 levels in the PCOS group were much higher than those in the PCOS + Met group, while miR-18a level in the PCOS group was much lower than PCOS + Met group. Through the luciferase assay, miR-18a was proved to directly bound to irisin 3’UTR. Additionally, irisin was identified to be a target gene of miR-18a. Finally, the treatment with met at the increasing concentration reduced the level of UCA1 and irisin but increased the level of miR-18a in a dose dependent manner.ConclusionsIn the management of PCOS, the irisin-lowering effect of met is regulated by the UCA1/miR-18a/RhoB signaling pathway.

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