Elite Premenarcheal Rhythmic Gymnasts Demonstrate Energy and Dietary Intake Deficiencies During Periods of Intense Training

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Michopoulou ◽  
Alexandra Avloniti ◽  
Antonios Kambas ◽  
Diamanda Leontsini ◽  
Maria Michalopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Intense Training ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnasts

This study determined dietary intake and energy balance of elite premenarcheal rhythmic gymnasts during their preseason training. Forty rhythmic gymnasts and 40 sedentary age-matched females (10–12 yrs) participated in the study. Anthropometric profile and skeletal ages were determined. Dietary intake and physical activity were assessed to estimate daily energy intake, daily energy expenditure, and resting metabolic rate. Groups demonstrated comparable height, bone age, pubertal development, resting metabolic rate. Gymnasts had lower body mass, BMI, body fat than age-matched controls. Although groups demonstrated comparable daily energy intake, gymnasts exhibited a higher daily energy expenditure resulting in a daily energy deficit. Gymnasts also had higher carbohydrate intake but lower fat and calcium intake. Both groups were below the recommended dietary allowances for fiber, water, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin intake. Gymnasts may need to raise their daily energy intake to avoid the energy deficit during periods of intense training.

scholarly journals Effects of a Protein-Rich, Low-Glycaemic Meal Replacement on Changes in Dietary Intake and Body Weight Following a Weight-Management Intervention—The ACOORH Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Martin Röhling ◽  
Andrea Stensitzky ◽  
Camila L. P. Oliveira ◽  
Andrea Beck ◽  
Klaus Michael Braumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Meal Replacement ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Protein Rich

Although meal replacement can lead to weight reduction, there is uncertainty whether this dietary approach implemented into a lifestyle programme can improve long-term dietary intake. In this subanalysis of the Almased Concept against Overweight and Obesity and Related Health Risk (ACOORH) study (n = 463), participants with metabolic risk factors were randomly assigned to either a meal replacement-based lifestyle intervention group (INT) or a lifestyle intervention control group (CON). This subanalysis relies only on data of participants (n = 119) who returned correctly completed dietary records at baseline, and after 12 and 52 weeks. Both groups were not matched for nutrient composition at baseline. These data were further stratified by sex and also associated with weight change. INT showed a higher increase in protein intake related to the daily energy intake after 12 weeks (+6.37% [4.69; 8.04] vs. +2.48% [0.73; 4.23], p < 0.001) of intervention compared to CON. Fat and carbohydrate intake related to the daily energy intake were more strongly reduced in the INT compared to CON (both p < 0.01). After sex stratification, particularly INT-women increased their total protein intake after 12 (INT: +12.7 g vs. CON: −5.1 g, p = 0.021) and 52 weeks (INT: +5.7 g vs. CON: −16.4 g, p = 0.002) compared to CON. Protein intake was negatively associated with weight change (r = −0.421; p < 0.001) after 12 weeks. The results indicate that a protein-rich dietary strategy with a meal replacement can improve long-term nutritional intake, and was associated with weight loss.

scholarly journals Impact of high energy oral nutritional supplements consumed in the late afternoon on appetite, energy intake and cardio-metabolic risk factors in females with lower BMI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Fatima ◽  
Konstantinos Gerasimidis ◽  
Charlotte Wright ◽  
Dalia Malkova
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Oral Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Daily Energy

Abstract Background/Objective Morning consumption of a single dose of high-energy oral nutritional supplement (ONS) in females with a lower BMI displaces some of the food eaten at breakfast but increases overall daily energy intake. This study investigated the effectiveness of ONS intake in the late afternoon and for longer duration. Subjects/Methods Twenty-one healthy females (mean ± SD, age 25 ± 5 years; BMI 18.7 ± 1.2 kg/m2) participated in a randomised, crossover study with two experimental trials. In the afternoon of days 1–5, participants consumed either ONS (2.510 MJ) or low-energy PLACEBO drink (0.377 MJ) and recorded food eaten at home. On day six, energy intake was measured during buffet meals, and energy expenditure, appetite measurements and blood samples were collected throughout the day. Result Over the 5-day period, in the ONS trial energy intake from evening meals was lower (ONS, 2.7 ± 0.25 MJ; Placebo, 3.6 ± 0.25 MJ, P = 0.01) but averaged total daily energy intake was higher (ONS, 9.2 ± 0.3 MJ; PLACEBO, 8.2 ± 0.4 MJ, P = 0.03). On day six, energy intake, appetite scores, plasma GLP-1 and PYY, and energy expenditure were not significantly different between the two trials but fasting insulin concentration and HOMAIR, were higher (P < 0.05) and insulin sensitivity score based on fasting insulin and TAG lower (P < 0.05) in ONS trial. Conclusion Late afternoon consumption of ONS for five consecutive days by females with a lower BMI has only a partial and short-lived energy intake suppression and thus increases daily energy intake but reduces insulin sensitivity.

scholarly journals Time-Restricted Eating as a Nutrition Strategy for Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Feasibility Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn B. Parr ◽  
Brooke L. Devlin ◽  
Karen H. C. Lim ◽  
Laura N. Z. Moresi ◽  
Claudia Geils ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Daily Energy

Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) require a long-term dietary strategy for blood glucose management and may benefit from time-restricted eating (TRE, where the duration between the first and last energy intake is restricted to 8–10 h/day). We aimed to determine the feasibility of TRE for individuals with T2D. Participants with T2D (HbA1c >6.5 to <9%, eating window >12 h/day) were recruited to a pre-post, non-randomised intervention consisting of a 2-week Habitual period to establish baseline dietary intake, followed by a 4-weeks TRE intervention during which they were instructed to limit all eating occasions to between 10:00 and 19:00 h on as many days of each week as possible. Recruitment, retention, acceptability, and safety were recorded throughout the study as indicators of feasibility. Dietary intake, glycaemic control, psychological well-being, acceptability, cognitive outcomes, and physiological measures were explored as secondary outcomes. From 594 interested persons, and 27 eligible individuals, 24 participants enrolled and 19 participants (mean ± SD; age: 50 ± 9 years, BMI: 34 ± 5 kg/m2, HbA1c: 7.6 ± 1.1%) completed the 6-week study. Overall daily dietary intake did not change between Habitual (~8400 kJ/d; 35% carbohydrate, 20% protein, 41% fat, 1% alcohol) and TRE periods (~8500 kJ/d; 35% carbohydrate, 19% protein, 42% fat, 1% alcohol). Compliance to the 9 h TRE period was 72 ± 24% of 28 days (i.e., ~5 days/week), with varied adherence (range: 4–100%). Comparisons of adherent vs. non-adherent TRE days showed that adherence to the 9-h TRE window reduced daily energy intake through lower absolute carbohydrate and alcohol intakes. Overall, TRE did not significantly improve measures of glycaemic control (HbA1c −0.2 ± 0.4%; p = 0.053) or reduce body mass. TRE did not impair or improve psychological well-being, with variable effects on cognitive function. Participants described hunger, daily stressors, and emotions as the main barriers to adherence. We demonstrate that 4-weeks of TRE is feasible and achievable for these individuals with T2D to adhere to for at least 5 days/week. The degree of adherence to TRE strongly influenced daily energy intake. Future trials may benefit from supporting participants to incorporate TRE in regular daily life and to overcome barriers to adherence.

Regulatory alterations of daily energy expenditure induced by fasting or overfeeding in unrestrained rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Shibata ◽  
L. J. Bukowiecki
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum

The consequences of fasting or overfeeding during 2 days on energy expenditure were investigated by continuously monitoring O2 consumption in unrestrained, unanesthetized rats. O2 consumption decreased by 15% on the 1st day of fasting and then by an additional 15% on the 2nd day. On the 3rd day, when rats were fed again, energy intake increased by 30% above control (prefasting) values, whereas energy expenditure rapidly increased but no more than control values. On the other hand, when ad libitum fed animals were offered a sucrose solution (32%) for 2 days, energy intake increased by 30% and energy expenditure by 9–12%. On the 3rd day, when the rats were fed with their normal diet, energy intake significantly decreased under control (preoverfeeding) values during one day, but energy expenditure rapidly returned to normal values. The results show that fasting decreases, whereas hyperphagia increases 24-h energy expenditure during the treatments. When the treatments are terminated, energy expenditure rapidly returns to normal values, but fasting induces a postfasting increase of energy intake (during 2 days), whereas hyperphagia, on the contrary, results in a transient decrease of appetite. This indicates that alterations of food intake induce compensatory changes of energy expenditure during the treatments, but that after the treatments, energy balance is normalized via regulatory adjustments in the ratio of energy expenditure over energy intake.

scholarly journals Resting metabolic rate is associated with hunger, self-determined meal size, and daily energy intake and may represent a marker for appetite

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillipa Caudwell ◽  
Graham Finlayson ◽  
Catherine Gibbons ◽  
Mark Hopkins ◽  
Neil King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Daily Energy

scholarly journals Context-dependent correlation between resting metabolic rate and daily energy expenditure in wild chipmunks

2012 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Careau ◽  
D. Reale ◽  
D. Garant ◽  
F. Pelletier ◽  
J. R. Speakman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Dependent Correlation

scholarly journals Effects of different types of training on weight loss

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 272-279
Author(s):  
Danijel Slavic ◽  
Dea Karaba-Jakovljevic ◽  
Andrea Zubnar ◽  
Borislav Tapavicki ◽  
Tijana Aleksandric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Different Types

Introduction. The difference between 24-hour daily energy intake and total daily energy expenditure determines whether we lose or gain weight. The resting metabolic rate is the major component of daily energy expenditure, which depends on many different factors, but also on the level of physical activity. The aim of the study was to determine anthropometric and metabolic parameters of athletes engaged in different types of training, to compare obtained results and to examine whether there are statistically significant differences among them. Material and Methods. The study included a total of 42 young male athletes divided into two groups. The first group included 21 athletes who were predominantly engaged in aerobic type of training, and the other group of 21 athletes in anaerobic type of training. Anthropometric measurements were taken and resting metabolic rate was assessed using the indirect calorimetry method. The results were statistically analyzed and the differences in parameters between the two groups were compared. Results. Statistically significant differences were established in total body mass, amount of fat-free mass and muscle mass, body mass index, as well as in the relative metabolic indices between two groups of subjects. Conclusion. The percentage of fat-free body mass has the greatest impact on the resting metabolic rate. The rate of metabolic activity of this body compartment is higher in athletes engaged in aerobic than in athletes engaged in anaerobic type of training.

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