The Virtual Disappearance of the White Male Sprinter in the United States: A Speculative Essay

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
John George
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
White Male ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
The Past ◽  
World Class ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Almost All

Over the past 30 years almost all world-class United States sprinters have been black. There were also many fast black sprinters in the United States before the 1960s, but in addition there were a considerable number of world-class white sprinters. In fact, during the 1940s and 1950s the fastest men were white. This was not the case during the 1930s, when the best male sprinters were black. This essay discusses the phenomenon and attempts to give reasons for it. Sociological explanations seem considerably more plausible than physical characteristics based on perceived racial differences.

Summary and Conclusions

2020 ◽  
pp. 345-394
Author(s):  
Jerome Slater
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle East ◽  
National Interest ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Solution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Arab Israeli Conflict ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Political Settlement

This chapter begins with extended summary of the main arguments of this book, especially that Israel has missed or refused a number of opportunities to settle the Arab-Israeli conflict. Almost all the wars could have been avoided if Israel had agreed to fair compromises. The second half of this chapter examines possible solutions to the conflict, arguing that the standard two-state solution is dead. Various proposed alternatives, such as a binational single Israeli-Palestine state, are either impractical or undesirable. A mini-Palestinian state is proposed—a “Luxembourg solution”—and the reasons that it could prove acceptable to both sides are examined. If Israel refuses, the United States should employ both pressures and incentives to overcome its opposition. The national interest of the United States in the Middle East is reviewed, in the past and today. The pros and cons of offering Israel a formal mutual defense treaty in the context of a political settlement with the Palestinians are explored.

scholarly journals Forty-Year Shifting Distribution of Systolic Blood Pressure With Population Hypertension Treatment and Control

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (16) ◽  
pp. 1524-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Lackland ◽  
Virginia J. Howard ◽  
Mary Cushman ◽  
Suzanne Oparil ◽  
Brett Kissela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hypertension Treatment ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
And Control

Background: Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control programs were initiated in the United States during the 1960s and 1970s. Whereas blood pressure (BP) control in the population and subsequent reduced hypertension-related disease risks have improved since the implementation of these interventions, it is unclear whether these BP changes can be generalized to diverse and high-risk populations. This report describes the 4-decade change in BP levels for the population in a high disease risk southeastern region of the United States. The objective is to determine the magnitude of the shift in systolic BP (SBP) among Blacks and Whites from the Southeast between 1960 and 2005 with the assessment of the unique population cohorts. Methods: A multicohort study design compared BPs from the CHS (Charleston Heart Study) and ECHS (Evans County Heart Study) in 1960 and the REGARDS study (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) 4 decades later. The analyses included participants ≥45 years of age from CHS (n=1323), ECHS (n=1842), and REGARDS (n=6294) with the main outcome of SBP distribution. Results: Among Whites 45 to 54 years of age, the median SBP was 18 mm Hg (95% CI, 16–21 mm Hg) lower in 2005 than 1960. The median shift was a 45 mm Hg (95% CI, 37–51 mm Hg) decline for those ≥75 years of age. The shift was larger for Blacks, with median declines of 38 mm Hg (95% CI, 32–40 mm Hg) at 45 to 54 years of age and 50 mm Hg (95% CI, 33–60 mm Hg) for ages ≥75 years. The 95th percentile of SBP decreased 60 mm Hg for Whites and 70 mm Hg for Blacks. Conclusions: The results of the current analyses of the unique cohorts in the Southeast confirm the improvements in population SBP levels since 1960. This assessment provides new evidence of improvement in SBP, suggesting that strategies and programs implemented to improve hypertension treatment and control have been extraordinarily successful for both Blacks and Whites residing in a high-risk region of the United States. Severe BP elevations commonly observed in the 1960s have been nearly eliminated, with the current 75th percentile of BP generally less than the 25th percentile of BP in 1960.

scholarly journals Big Eyes: Vida e Obra de Margaret Keane Pelos Olhos de Tim Burton

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Beatriz Marques Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Art Scene ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Way

Margaret Keane was one of the most popular names in the United States art scene in the 1960s. Decades later her personal and professional lives were translated into cinema by Tim Burton. The objective of this essay is to analyze the biopic film of the artist and draw parallels between the cinematographic work - directors, context, production, etc. - and her career, trying to raise questions about the accuracy of the information presented, the way her pieces were approached and the movie direction’s own interpretations.Thus, a specific methodology was developed for this study: in addition to the film being carefully watched multiple times, the paintings and prints present in the scenes were almost all identified; Then there was a search for original documents, articles and images to compare the narrative presented to the actual events; Finally, previous Tim Burton films were studied, as well as specialized bibliography, to observe his characteristics in the way of directing as well as the movie’s technical team.

Still critical after all these years? The past, present and future of Critical Theory in International Relations

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICHOLAS RENGGER ◽  
BEN THIRKELL-WHITE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Rand Corporation ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Theoretical Reflection

Twenty-five years ago, theoretical reflection on International Relations (IR) was dominated by three broad discourses. In the United States the behavioural revolution of the 1950s and 1960s had helped to create a field that was heavily influenced by various assumptions allegedly derived from the natural sciences. Of course, variety existed within the behaviourist camp. Some preferred the heavily quantitative approach that had become especially influential in the 1960s, while others were exploring the burgeoning literature of rational and public choice, derived from the game theoretic approaches pioneered at the RAND corporation. Perhaps the most influential theoretical voice of the late 1970s, Kenneth Waltz, chose neither; instead he developed his Theory of International Politics around an austere conception of parsimony and systems derived from his reading in contemporary philosophy of science.

Second survey Of secular trends in twinning rates

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. James
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Far East ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Restrictive Legislation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Communist Countries

SummaryA study has been made of twinning rates throughout the world over the last two decades. There has been a decline in age-specific dizygotic twinning rates in almost all of the developed countries during this period. Exceptions to this trend are provided by the United States, where the only decline in twinning rates in the last two decades was in births to older women in the 1960s, and by Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Bulgaria, where an initial decline in twinning during the 1960s was followed by stable twinning rates.It is suggested that the cause may be some form of environmental pollutant, perhaps a pesticide, which has been the subject of restrictive legislation first in the United States and later in the three Communist countries. Possibly the cause of this decline may be identified by a study of such legislation.This seems to be the first study of twinning rates in Central and South America. The low twinning rates in some of the countries there may indicate the genetic affiliations of their inhabitants with those (of Mongoloid origin) of countries in the Far East.

From Combahee resistance to the Confederate: Black feminist temporalities and white supremacy

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 518-535
Author(s):  
Tanya Ann Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
White Male ◽  
The United States ◽  
White Supremacist ◽  
Black Feminist ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
2016 Election ◽  
Combahee River Collective

In the weeks preceding the white supremacist riots in Charlottesville, VA on 12 August 2017, HBO responded to criticism of Game of Thrones’ whiteness by announcing a new series from its producers called Confederate that imagined an alternative history in which the Confederacy became its own nation and slavery still existed. A few weeks later, Representative Maxine Waters’ refusal to listen to white male practices of diversion and condescension under the guise of flattery made national news when she interrupted Treasury Secretary Mnuchin's stalling to “reclaim my time.” In this paper, I examine these events as representative of the prevalent contention in the United States that the post-2016 election era is an era of crisis, but look outside the ruling temporality of crisis as it is framed through white supremacy. Reinterpreting this crisis through the lens of black feminist insurgencies against white supremacy demonstrates how the ruling temporalities of mainstream feminism are implicated in the election of 2016 and the events following. In returning to the year 1977 and aligning two feminist moments from that year, the Combahee River Collective Statement and the National Women’s Conference, I argue for a recalibration of feminist temporalities that will allow us, as Lisa Lowe argues, to recuperate the future in the tense of the past conditional, to see “what could have been” as that which may yet be.

The roles of revolutionary song – a Nicaraguan assessment

Popular Music ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pring-Mill
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oral Cultures ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Protest Song

The term ‘protest song’, which became so familiar in the context of the anti-war movement in the United States during the 1960s, has been widely applied to the songs of socio-political commitment which have developed out of traditional folksong in most of the countries of Latin America over the past twenty years (see Pring-Mill 1983 and forthcoming). Yet it is misleading insofar as it might seem to imply that all such songs are ‘anti’ something: denouncing some negative abuse rather than promoting something positive to put in its place. A more helpful designation is that of ‘songs of hope and struggle’, enshrined in the titles of two Spanish American anthologies (C. W. 1967 and Gac Artigas 1973), which nicely stresses both their ‘combative’ and their ‘constructive’ aspects, while one of the best of their singers – the Uruguayan Daniel Viglietti – describes his own songs as being ‘in some measure both de protesta and de propuesta’ (i.e. as much ‘proposing’ as they are ‘protesting’). The document with which this article is chiefly concerned uses the term ‘revolutionary song’, which clearly covers both those aspects, but such songs may be seen to perform a far more complex range of tasks than any of those labels might suggest, as soon as their functions are examined ‘on the ground’ within the immediate context of the predominantly oral cultures of Latin America to which they are addressed: cultures in which traditional folksong has retained its power and currency largely undiminished by the changes of the twentieth century, and in which the oral nature of song (with the message of its lyrics reinforced by music) helps it to gain a wider popular diffusion than the more ‘literary’ but unsung texts which make up the greater part of the genre of so-called ‘committed poetry’ (‘poesía de compromiso’) to which the lyrics of such songs clearly belong (see Pring-Mill 1978, 1979).

Early Music and Popular Music

2020 ◽  
pp. 508-529
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Randell Upton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Music ◽  
The Past ◽  
Beach Boys ◽  
Rolling Stones ◽  
The 1960S

In the 1960s, recordings and performances of preclassical music brought new sounds to musical performers, creators, and audiences. Through play with new sounds and with ideas about the past, medievalist popular music helped to shape the range of meanings associated with “the medieval” for scholars as well as audiences. At first, early music sounds, especially that of the harpsichord, were used for their novelty, becoming fashionable and hip by the mid-1960s, first in London (as seen in recordings by the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, the Zombies, and Procol Harum; this trend fed into 1970s prog rock) and then, following the British Invasion, in the United States (particularly the Left Banke in New York and the Beach Boys and the Doors in Los Angeles). Some folk-rock performers used early music sounds to signal the past, drawing on tropes of nostalgia and medievalist fantasy (e.g., Simon and Garfunkel’s “Scarborough Fair/Canticle” [1966] and the Beatles’ “Penny Lane” [1967]).

Changes in Socioeconomic Status of the Chinese Male Population in the United States from 1960 to 1970

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morrison G. Wong
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
White Male ◽  
The United States ◽  
Unskilled Labor ◽  
Male Population ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Chinese Male

This study examines significant improvements in the changing socioeconomic status of Chinese males in America during the 1960s. The variables of education, occupation and income are reviewed in their relationship to the changes from unskilled labor to professional-technical employment. The need for further research on the income lag between the Chinese and white male population is demonstrated.

Age, Period and Cohort Differences Between the Homicide Trends of Canada and the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Rennó Santos ◽  
Yunmei Lu ◽  
Rachel E Fairchild
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cohort Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract A robust literature has investigated homicide trends in the United States since 1950. The prevalence of homicide in the country almost doubled in the 1960s, remained high until the 1990s and then declined precipitously. Surprisingly, Canada displayed the same trend. We decompose the age, period and cohort effects on the homicide trends of the United States and Canada since 1950, exploring shared effects in light of these countries’ historical and policy differences over the past seven decades. Our study reveals remarkably similar trends and effects in Canada as those previously documented for the United States, despite diverging approaches to criminal justice and to the use of incarceration since the 1950s. We explore these findings and expand on their implications.

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