Coaches’ Views of Risk, Pain, and Injury in Sport, with Special Reference to Gender Differences

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard L. Nixon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Comprehensive University ◽  
Secondary Purpose ◽  
College Coaches ◽  
Sports Illustrated

The main purpose of this paper is to consider the extent to which college coaches subscribe to a set of beliefs in the culture of sport concerning risk, pain, and injury. These beliefs were derived from a prior content analysis of Sports Illustrated. A secondary purpose of this paper is to consider whether gender makes a difference in how coaches think about risk, pain, and injury. The data are from a survey of coaches at a medium-size (11,500-student) comprehensive university in the southeastern United States. The results showed ambivalence among coaches in their views of risk, pain, and injury, which suggested the existence of a risk–pain–injury paradox.

scholarly journals Website Usability Differences between Males and Females: An Eye-Tracking Evaluation of a Climate Decision Support System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay C. Maudlin ◽  
Karen S. McNeal ◽  
Heather Dinon-Aldridge ◽  
Corey Davis ◽  
Ryan Boyles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Support System ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Climate Information ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Males And Females

ABSTRACTDecision support systems—collections of related information located in a central place to be used for decision-making—can be used as platforms from which climate information can be shared with decision-makers. Unfortunately, these tools are not often evaluated, meaning developers do not know how useful or usable their products are. In this study, a web-based climate decision support system (DSS) for foresters in the southeastern United States was evaluated by using eye-tracking technology. The initial study design was exploratory and focused on assessing usability concerns within the website. Results showed differences between male and female forestry experts in their eye-tracking behavior and in their success with completing tasks and answering questions related to the climate information presented in the DSS. A follow-up study, using undergraduate students from a large university in the southeastern United States, aimed to determine whether similar gender differences existed and could be detected and, if so, whether the cause(s) could be determined. The second evaluation, similar to the first, showed that males and females focused their attention on different aspects of the website; males focused more on the maps depicting climate information while females focused more on other aspects of the website (e.g., text, search bars, and color bars). DSS developers should consider the possibility of gender differences when designing a web-based DSS and include website features that draw user attention to important DSS elements to effectively support various populations of users.

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN A CONTENT ANALYSIS STUDY OF 608 DREAM REPORTS FROM RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS IN THE UNITED STATES

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Krippner ◽  
Jan Weinhold
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
Research Participants

This investigation asked the question: “Are there significant content differences between male and female dream reports obtained in the United States?” Most of the 608 research participants provided dream reports (one per person) in response to a request from the senior author at dream seminars he gave between 1990 and 1996; the other dream reports were provided by friends and acquaintances of seminar participants. The total sample included 330 female and 278 male dream reports. Dreams were coded according to Hall-Van de Castle criteria on 53 categories, subcategories, and indices. The use of Cohen's h-statistic revealed several gender differences, most of which resembled those found by previous researchers.

Replacing Athleticism With Sexuality: Athlete Models in Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issues

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayoung Kim ◽  
Michael Sagas ◽  
Nefertiti A. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Media Portrayals ◽  
Photographic Images ◽  
Sports Illustrated

This study was intended to provide analysis of print-media portrayals of athletes in Sports Illustrated swimsuit issues from 1997 through 2009. Drawing on the theoretical framework from Connell’s concept of hegemonic masculinity (2005), the authors performed a content analysis of photographic images (N = 141) and associated captions in athlete-related content in Sports Illustrated swimsuit issues. Two major issues emerged from the content analysis: gender differences and sexualized images in athlete content. Findings of this study indicated that Sports Illustrated alternates athleticism with sexuality by continuously placing athlete models in positions that are unrelated to sport. In addition, the female athletes were extremely sexualized. These findings support the concept of hegemonic masculinity at work in Sports Illustrated swimsuit issues.

scholarly journals Sources of Resistance to Common Bacterial Blight and Charcoal Rot Disease for the Production of Mesoamerican Common Beans in the Southern United States

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 998
Author(s):  
Daniel Ambachew ◽  
Jacqueline Joshua ◽  
Margaret T. Mmbaga ◽  
Matthew W. Blair
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Common Bacterial Blight ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Field Level ◽  
Level Resistance

The gene pool of Mesoamerican common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) includes genotypes in the small-to-medium-size seeded dry beans, as well as some snap beans from hotter environments adapted to the Southeastern United States. However, the warm and humid climate of the Southeastern United States is conducive to diseases such as Common Bacterial Blight (CBB) and Charcoal Rot (CR). The pathogens for these two diseases can survive long periods in infested soil or on seeds and are difficult to control through pesticides. Hence, field-level resistance would be the best management strategy for these diseases. The goals of this study were (1) to evaluate field-level resistance from the various commercial classes and subgroups represented in the Mesoamerican gene pool as sources for breeding beans for the region and (2) to evaluate genome-wide marker × trait associations (GWAS) using genetic markers for the genotypes. A total of 300 genotypes from the Mesoamerican Diversity Panel (MDP) were evaluated for CBB and CR in field experiments for three years. CBB resistance was also tested with a field isolate in controlled greenhouse conditions. The analysis of variance revealed the presence of variability in the MDP for the evaluated traits. We also identified adapted common bean genotypes that could be used directly in Southeastern production or that could be good parents in breeding programs for CBB and CR resistance. The GWAS detected 14 significant Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with CBB resistance distributed on five chromosomes, namely Pv02, Pv04, Pv08, Pv10, and Pv11, but no loci for resistance to CR. A total of 89 candidate genes were identified in close vicinity (±100 kb) to the significant CBB markers, some of which could be directly or indirectly involved in plant defense to diseases. These results provide a basis to further understand the complex inheritance of CBB resistance in Mesoamerican common beans and show that this biotic stress is unrelated to CR resistance, which was evident during a drought period. Genotypes with good yield potential for the Southeastern U.S. growing conditions were found with resistant to infection by the two diseases, as well as adaptation to the hot and humid conditions punctuated by droughts found in this region.

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