Goal Setting in Competitive Sport: An Exploratory Investigation of Practices of Collegiate Athletes

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Weinberg ◽  
Damon Burton ◽  
David Yukelson ◽  
Dan Weigand
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Division I ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Outcome Goals ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Overall Performance

The purpose of the present investigation was to explore athletes’ responses regarding the frequency, effectiveness, and importance of different types of goals to enhance their performance. Subjects (N = 678) were collegiate athletes at three NCAA Division I schools from different regions of the United States. Each athlete completed an extensive questionnaire detailing his or her perceptions regarding the use and effectiveness of a number of different goal-setting strategies. Descriptive results revealed that virtually all athletes practiced some type of goal setting to help enhance performance and that they found their goals to be moderately to highly effective. Athletes also reported that improving overall performance, winning, and having fun were their three most important goals. Many significant differences were found when comparing groups. For example, although females generally set more performance goals than males, males set more outcome goals than females. Future directions for research are offered including studying developmental differences and barriers/facilitators to achieving goals.

Perceived Goal Setting Practices of Olympic Athletes: An Exploratory Investigation

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Weinberg ◽  
Dave Yukelson ◽  
Damon Burton ◽  
Daniel Weigand
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Goal Difficulty ◽  
Olympic Athletes ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Overall Performance

The purpose of this investigation was to explore Olympic athletes’ perceptions concerning the frequency and effectiveness of goal setting strategies as well as goal preferences and barriers to achieving these goals. Participants were 185 male and 143 female Olympic athletes from a variety sports. Each athlete completed a questionnaire detailing their perceptions, use, and effectiveness of a number of different goal-setting strategies. Factor analysis revealed four similar factors for goal effectiveness and goal frequency and two distinct factors for goal barriers. Descriptive results revealed that all of the Olympic athletes practiced some type of goal setting to help enhance performance, and they found their goals to be highly effective. Athletes also reported that improving overall performance, winning, and having fun were the three most important goals. In addition, setting difficult goals that were somewhat above the level at which they perform was the most preferred level of goal difficulty. Future directions for research are offered including exploration of developmental differences and variations in coach versus athlete perceptions.

Coaches’ and Players’ Perceptions of Goal Setting in Junior Tennis: An Exploratory Investigation

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Weinberg ◽  
Kevin L. Burke ◽  
Allen Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Physical Conditioning ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Individual Difference Variables ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Junior Tennis ◽  
Overall Performance

This study examined the various aspects of goal setting of youth tennis players and their coaches. To examine this multifaceted technique, an extensive goal-setting questionnaire was administered to 224 youth tennis players and 35 youth tennis coaches. Results indicated that improving overall performance, fun/enjoyment, and winning were the three most important goals for youth tennis players and that they most preferred setting moderately difficult goals. The most effective type of goals for players were physical conditioning, practice, and skill/technique, whereas the top reasons for setting goals were focusing attention, problem-solving, and increasing effort. Results also revealed numerous significant differences between coaches’ and players’ goal setting, with the coaches generally having a higher frequency of using different goal-setting strategies and finding them more effective. Results were discussed in terms of developmental differences between youth and college athletes, as well as individual difference variables such as gender and ability.

Female Athletes in Retirement: A Test of a Psychosocial Model of Bulimic Symptomatology

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 490-499
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Barrett ◽  
Trent A. Petrie
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Division I ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Female Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Psychosocial Model

Although researchers have examined eating disorders in female athletes, few such studies have been done with athletes who are retired, and even fewer have been quantitative. Thus, the authors empirically tested an established eating disorder theoretical model with 218 former NCAA Division-I female collegiate athletes who had been retired for 2–6 years. In retirement, participants completed measures of general sociocultural pressures related to body and appearance, thin-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, dietary restraint, negative affect, and bulimic symptomatology. Through structural equation modeling, the authors examined the direct and indirect relationships among the latent variables while controlling for body mass index and years since retirement. The model fit the data well, supporting the hypothesized direct and indirect relationships among the variables and explaining 54% of the variance in bulimic symptomatology. Despite no longer being exposed to sport pressures that contribute to eating disorders, female athletes experience such symptoms long into retirement.

scholarly journals Examination of Mental Health Risks and Injury Prevalence in NCAA Division I Collegiate Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 778
Author(s):  
Jane Sweeney ◽  
Toni M. Torres-McGehee ◽  
Samantha R. Weber ◽  
Robert Davis Moore ◽  
Jacob Kay
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Division I

scholarly journals Association of Upper Extremity Pain With Softball Pitching Kinematics and Kinetics

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 232596711986517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen D. Oliver ◽  
Kenzie Friesen ◽  
Jeff W. Barfield ◽  
Kevin Giordano ◽  
Adam Anz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Division I ◽  
Trunk Rotation ◽  
Kinetic Chain

Background: There is a paucity of research regarding the relationship between fastpitch softball pitching mechanics and reported pain. Thus, understanding the pitching mechanics of athletes pitching with upper extremity pain and those pain free is paramount. Purpose: To examine lower extremity pitching mechanics, upper extremity kinetics, and upper extremity pain in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I female softball pitchers. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A total of 37 NCAA Division I female softball pitchers (mean age, 19.84 ± 1.28 years; mean height, 173.67 ± 7.77 cm; mean weight, 78.98 ± 12.40 kg) from across the United States were recruited to participate. Participants were divided into 2 groups: upper extremity pain (n = 13; mean age, 19.69 ± 1.18 years; mean height, 172.60 ± 11.49 cm; mean weight, 86.75 ± 13.02 kg) and pain free (n = 24; mean age, 19.91 ± 1.35 years; mean height, 174.26 ± 4.96 cm; mean weight, 74.78 ± 9.97 kg). An electromagnetic tracking system was used to obtain kinematic and kinetic data during the riseball softball pitch. Results: At foot contact ( F 3,33 = 7.01, P = .001), backward elimination regression revealed that stride length, trunk rotation, and center of mass (COM) significantly explained about 33% of variance with softball pitchers experiencing upper extremity pain (adjusted R 2 = 0.33). Conclusion: At foot contact, the kinematic variables of increased trunk rotation toward the pitching arm side, increased stride length, and a posteriorly shifted COM were associated with upper extremity pain in collegiate softball pitchers. Variables early in the pitching motion that do not set a working and constructive proximal kinetic chain foundation for the rest of the pitch to follow could be associated with breakdowns more distal in the kinetic chain, possibly increasing the susceptibility to upper extremity pain. Clinical Relevance: The identification of pitching mechanics associated with pain allows clinicians to develop exercises to avoid such mechanics. Avoiding mechanics associated with pain may help reduce the prevalence of pain in windmill softball pitchers as well as help coaches incorporate quantitative biomechanics into their instruction.

scholarly journals Effect of Concussion on Clinically Measured Reaction Time in 9 NCAA Division I Collegiate Athletes: A Preliminary Study

PM&R ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Eckner ◽  
Jeffrey S. Kutcher ◽  
James K. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Division I ◽  
Preliminary Study

scholarly journals An Analysis of Desirable Attributes for Strength and Conditioning Coaches as Perceived by Male and Female Population of Collegiate Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-29
Author(s):  
Severiano Tiberi ◽  
Jeremy Moody
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Division I ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study aimed to suggest desirable attributes and characteristics for strength and conditioning coaches as perceived by the male and female population of collegiate athletes and statistically evaluate differences of perception between genders. Participants were 99 NCAA division I student-athletes (Male=56, Female=43) aged between 18-22 years of age, with a mean of 2.98 S&C sessions per week. Participants completed an electronic questionnaire to rank the importance of 17 research-based attributes through a 5-point Likert-type-scale. Descriptive statistics revealed that overall, “knowledgeable” and “communicative” were considered the most important attributes, whereas “overall size/muscularity” and “male gender” were the least desirable. With regards to perceived importance, attributes were ranked in the following order: knowledgeable, communicative, motivator, trustworthy, give positive feedback, approachable, organised, supportive, positive, honest, confident, role model, intense, physical fitness, sense of humour, overall size/muscularity, male gender. “Male gender” as an attribute was identified as the only significant difference in perception between genders (p = .017). The observed results are consistent with previous research that highlighted how several attributes and characteristics are important for strength and conditioning coaches. Thus, these results might foster reflection and guide personal and professional development of strength and conditioning coaches.

Assessment of Sports Nutrition Knowledge of NCAA Division I Collegiate Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 120 (9) ◽  
pp. A75
Author(s):  
J. Danh ◽  
J. Kurtz ◽  
A. Nucci ◽  
J. Doyle ◽  
R. Feresin
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Sports Nutrition ◽  
Division I

scholarly journals Nontraumatic Exertional Fatalities in Football Players, Part 1: Epidemiology and Effectiveness of National Collegiate Athletic Association Bylaws

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 232596712094249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry P. Boden ◽  
Ken M. Fine ◽  
Ilan Breit ◽  
Wendee Lentz ◽  
Scott A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Division I ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
The 1960S

Background: Football has the highest number of nontraumatic fatalities of any sport in the United States. Purpose: To compare the incidence of nontraumatic fatalities with that of traumatic fatalities, describe the epidemiology of nontraumatic fatalities in high school (HS) and college football players, and determine the effectiveness of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) policies to reduce exertional heat stroke (EHS) and exertional sickling (ES) with sickle cell trait (SCT) fatalities in athletes. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 20 academic years (1998-2018) of HS and college nontraumatic fatalities in football players using the National Registry of Catastrophic Sports Injuries (NRCSI). EHS and ES with SCT fatality rates were compared before and after the implementation of the NCAA football out-of-season model (bylaw 17.10.2.4 [2003]) and NCAA Division I SCT screening (bylaw 17.1.5.1 [2010]), respectively. Additionally, we compiled incidence trends for HS and college traumatic and nontraumatic fatalities in football players for the years 1960 through 2018 based on NRCSI data and previously published reports. Results: The risk (odds ratio) of traumatic fatalities in football players in the 2010s was 0.19 (95% CI, 0.13-0.26; P < .0001) lower in HS and 0.29 (95% CI, 0.29-0.72; P = .0078) lower in college compared with that in the 1960s. In contrast, the risk of nontraumatic fatalities in football players in the 2010s was 0.7 (95% CI, 0.50-0.98; P = .0353) in HS and 0.9 (95% CI, 0.46-1.72; P = .7413) in college compared with that in the 1960s. Since 2000, the risk of nontraumatic fatalities has been 1.89 (95% CI, 1.42-2.51; P < .001) and 4.22 (95% CI, 2.04-8.73; P < .001) higher than the risk of traumatic fatalities at the HS and college levels, respectively. During the 20 years studied, there were 187 nontraumatic fatalities (average, 9.4 per year). The causes of death were sudden cardiac arrest (57.7%), EHS (23.6%), ES with SCT (12.1%), asthma (4.9%), and hyponatremia (1.6%). The risk of a nontraumatic fatality was 4.1 (95% CI, 2.8-5.9; P < .0001) higher in NCAA compared with HS athletes. There was no difference in the risk of an EHS fatality in NCAA athletes (0.86 [95% CI, 0.17-4.25]; P = .85) after implementation in 2003 of the NCAA football out-of-season model. The risk of an ES with SCT fatality in Division I athletes was significantly lower after the 2010 NCAA SCT screening bylaw was implemented (0.12 [95% CI, 0.02-0.95]; P = .04). Conclusion: Since the 1960s, the risk of nontraumatic fatalities has declined minimally compared with the reduction in the risk of traumatic fatalities. Current HS and college nontraumatic fatality rates are significantly higher than rates of traumatic fatalities. The 2003 NCAA out-of-season model has failed to significantly reduce EHS fatalities. The 2010 NCAA SCT screening bylaw has effectively prevented ES with SCT fatalities in NCAA Division I football.

scholarly journals Return to Sport After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome in NCAA Division I Athletes: Experience at a Single Institution

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 232596712091838
Author(s):  
Alexander E. Weber ◽  
Haley Nakata ◽  
Eric N. Mayer ◽  
Ioanna K. Bolia ◽  
Marc J. Philippon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Hip Arthroscopy ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Division I ◽  
Labral Repair ◽  
Sport Type ◽  
History Of ◽  
Division I Athletes

Background: The rate of return to sport after surgical treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome (FAIS) has been studied in high-level athletes. However, few studies examining this rate have focused exclusively on National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I athletes. Purpose: To evaluate the return-to-sport rate after hip arthroscopy for FAIS and to examine the influence of sport type on the clinical presentation of FAIS in collegiate athletes. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Included in this study were NCAA Division I student-athletes who underwent hip arthroscopy for FAIS at our institution between 2010 and 2017. Exclusion criteria were history of previous hip pathology, pediatric hip disease, radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis (Tönnis grade >0), prior lower extremity procedure, history of chronic pain, osteoporosis, or history of systemic inflammatory disease. Athletes were categorized into 6 subgroups based on the type of sport (cutting, contact, endurance, impingement, asymmetric/overhead, and flexibility) by using a previously reported classification system. Patient characteristics and preoperative, intraoperative, and return-to-sport variables were compared among sport types. Results: A total of 49 hip arthroscopies for FAIS were performed in 39 collegiate athletes (10 females, 29 males; mean age, 19.5 ± 1.3 years). A total of 1 (2.6%) cutting athlete, 15 (38.5%) contact athletes, 8 (20.5%) impingement athletes, 6 (15.4%) asymmetric/overhead athletes, and 9 (23.1%) endurance athletes were included in the study. There were no differences among sports groups with respect to the FAI type. Endurance athletes had lower rates of femoral osteochondroplasty (45.5%) and labral debridement (0.0%) ( P < .0001). Contact sport athletes had higher rates of labral debridement (50.0%; P < .0001). Patients were evaluated for return to sport at an average of 1.96 ± 0.94 years. Overall, the return-to-sport rate was 89.7%. There were no differences in return-to-sport rates based on the sport type except for endurance athletes, who returned at a lower rate (66.6%; P < .001). No differences in return-to-sport rate ( P = .411), duration after return ( P = .265), or highest attempted level of sport resumed ( P = .625) were found between patients who underwent labral repair versus debridement. Conclusion: Collegiate-level athletes who underwent hip arthroscopy for FAIS returned to sport at high and predictable rates, with endurance athletes possibly returning to sport at lower rates than all other sport types. Surgical procedures may be influenced by sport type, but the rate of return to sport between athletes who underwent labral debridement versus labral repair was similar.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document