scholarly journals Carbon neutral expansion of oil palm plantations in the Neotropics

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. eaaw4418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Quezada ◽  
Andres Etter ◽  
Jaboury Ghazoul ◽  
Alexandre Buttler ◽  
Thomas Guillaume
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Carbon Pools ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Carbon Losses ◽  
Soc Stocks ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon Pools

Alternatives to ecologically devastating deforestation land use change trajectories are needed to reduce the carbon footprint of oil palm (OP) plantations in the tropics. Although various land use change options have been proposed, so far, there are no empirical data on their long-term ecosystem carbon pools effects. Our results demonstrate that pasture-to-OP conversion in savanna regions does not change ecosystem carbon storage, after 56 years in Colombia. Compared to rainforest conversion, this alternative land use change reduces net ecosystem carbon losses by 99.7 ± 9.6%. Soil organic carbon (SOC) decreased until 36 years after conversion, due to a fast decomposition of pasture-derived carbon, counterbalancing the carbon gains in OP biomass. The recovery of topsoil carbon content, suggests that SOC stocks might partly recover during a third plantation cycle. Hence, greater OP sustainability can be achieved if its expansion is oriented toward pasture land.

scholarly journals Land use change and soil carbon pools: evidence from a long-term silvopastoral experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 1035-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario A. Fornara ◽  
Rodrigo Olave ◽  
Paul Burgess ◽  
Aude Delmer ◽  
Matthew Upson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Pools ◽  
Soil Carbon Pools

scholarly journals SOC Stock Changes and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Following Tropical Land Use Conversions to Plantation Crops on Mineral Soils, with a Special Focus on Oil Palm and Rubber Plantations

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjutha Shanmugam ◽  
Ram Dalal ◽  
Hans Joosten ◽  
R. Raison ◽  
Goh Joo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Land Use Conversion ◽  
Rubber Plantations ◽  
Soc Stock ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Soc Stocks

The increasing global demand for vegetable oils has resulted in a significant increase in the area under oil palm in the tropics during the last couple of decades, and this is projected to increase further. The Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil discourages the conversion of peatlands to oil palm and rubber plantations. However, our understanding of the effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of land use conversion is incomplete, especially for mineral soils under primary forests, secondary forests, rubber and other perennial plantations in the tropics. In this review we synthesised information on SOC stocks and GHG emissions from tropical mineral soils under forest, oil palm and rubber plantations and other agroecosystems across the tropical regions. We found that the largest SOC losses occurred after land use conversion from primary forest to oil palm and rubber plantations. Secondary forest and pasture lands showed lower SOC losses as well as total GHG (CO2, N2O and CH4) emissions when converted to oil palm and rubber plantations. However, due to the limited data available on all three GHG emissions, there remains high uncertainty in GHG emissions estimates, and regional GHG accounting is more reliable. We recommend long-term monitoring of oil palm and other perennial plantations established on tropical mineral soils on different soil types and regions on SOC stock changes and total GHG emissions and evaluate appropriate management practices to optimise production and sustainable economic returns, and minimise environmental impact.

Soil Organic Carbon Change of Different Land Use Classes in TBNA from 1995 to 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 632-637
Author(s):  
Xue Mei Li ◽  
Guang Ju Hao
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Carbon Pool ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon ◽  
Carbon Change ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tianjin Binhai New Area ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon Pools

Soil carbon pool is an important component of the ecosystem carbon pools. It plays a key role in mitigating the global warming and control the concentration of greenhouse gas. The areas of urban land have changed dramatically both in quality and quantity due to the land-based urbanization and industrialization. This paper analyzed the change of the soil organic carbon reserves under the land use change in Tianjin Binhai New Area (TBNA) from 1995 to 2012. The results showed that the land use change was one of the important reasons of the soil organic carbon change, and the soil organic carbon reserves of land use change in TBNA was reduced from3.339mt (million ton) to 5.842mt in this stage.

scholarly journals CH4and N2O fluxes in the Colorado shortgrass steppe: 2. Long-term impact of land use change

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Mosier ◽  
W. J. Parton ◽  
D. W. Valentine ◽  
D. S. Ojima ◽  
D. S. Schimel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Shortgrass Steppe ◽  
N2o Fluxes ◽  
Long Term Impact

The Effects of Long‐Term Land‐Use Change on Soil Properties in Perth, Ontario Canada

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trina Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
North America ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Topographic Gradients

Land‐use change can have a major impact on soil properties, leading to long‐term changes in soilnutrient cycling rates and carbon storage. While a substantial amount of research has been conducted onland‐use change in tropical regions, empirical evidence of long‐term conversion of forested land toagricultural land in North America is lacking. Pervasive deforestation for the sake of agriculturethroughout much of North America is likely to have modified soil properties, with implications for theglobal climate. Here, we examined the response of physical, chemical and biological soil properties toconversion of forest to agricultural land (100 years ago) on Roebuck Farm near Perth, Ontario, Canada.Soil samples were collected at three sites from under forest and agricultural vegetative cover on bothhigh‐ and low‐lying topographic positions (12 locations in total; soil profile sampled to a depth of 40cm).Our results revealed that bulk density, pH, and nitrate concentrations were all higher in soils collectedfrom cultivate sites. In contrast, samples from forested sites exhibited greater water‐holding capacity,porosity, organic matter content, ammonia concentrations and cation exchange capacity. Many of these characteristics are linked to greater organic matter abundance and diversity in soils under forestvegetation as compared with agricultural soils. Microbial activity and Q10 values were also higher in theforest soils. While soil properties in the forest were fairly similar across topographic gradients, low‐lyingpositions under agricultural regions had higher bulk density and organic matter content than upslopepositions, suggesting significant movement of material along topographic gradients. Differences in soilproperties are attributed largely to increased compaction and loss of organic matter inputs in theagricultural system. Our results suggest that the conversion of forested land cover to agriculture landcover reduces soil quality and carbon storage, alters long‐term site productivity, and contributes toincreased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.

scholarly journals Assessment on the rates and potentials of soil organic carbon sequestration in agricultural lands in Japan using a process-based model and spatially explicit land-use change inventories – Part 1: Historical trend and validation based on nation-wide soil monitoring

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4429-4442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yagasaki ◽  
Y. Shirato
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Upland Crop ◽  
Soc Stock ◽  
Stock Change ◽  
Soc Stocks

Abstract. In order to estimate a country-scale soil organic carbon (SOC) stock change in agricultural lands in Japan, while taking into account the effect of land-use changes, climate, different agricultural activities and the nature of soils, a spatially explicit model simulation system was developed using Rothamsted Carbon Model (RothC) with an integration of spatial and temporal inventories. Simulation was run from 1970 to 2008 with historical inventories. Simulated SOC stock was compared with observations in a nation-wide stationary monitoring program conducted during 1979–1998. Historical land-use change, characterized by a large decline in the area of paddy fields as well as a small but continuous decline in the area of orchards, occurred along with a relatively large increase in upland crop fields, unmanaged grasslands, and settlements (i.e. conversion of agricultural fields due to urbanization or abandoning). Results of the simulation on SOC stock change under varying land-use change indicated that land-use conversion from agricultural fields to settlements or other lands, as well as that from paddy fields to croplands have likely been an increasing source of CO2 emission, due to the reduction of organic carbon input to soils and the enhancement of SOC decomposition through transition of soil environment from anaerobic to aerobic conditions. The area-weighted mean concentrations of the simulated SOC stocks calculated for major soil groups under paddy fields and upland crop fields were comparable to those observed in the monitoring. Whereas in orchards, the simulated SOC stocks were underestimated. As the results of simulation indicated that SOC stock change under managed grasslands and settlements has been likely a major sink and source of CO2 emission at country-scale, respectively, validation of SOC stock change under these land-use types, which could not have been accomplished due to limited availability or a lack of measurement, remains a forthcoming challenge.

Response of phosphorus fractions to land-use change followed by long-term fertilization in a sub-alpine humid soil of Qinghai–Tibet plateau

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 1109-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolei Sun ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Guoxi Wang ◽  
Marios Drosos ◽  
Fulai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Phosphorus Fractions ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

scholarly journals Warming increases carbon and nutrient fluxes from sediments in streams across land use

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1193-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-W. Duan ◽  
S. S. Kaushal
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Sediment Fluxes ◽  
Urban Sites

Abstract. Rising water temperatures due to climate and land use change can accelerate biogeochemical fluxes from sediments to streams. We investigated impacts of increased streamwater temperatures on sediment fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrate, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and sulfate. Experiments were conducted at 8 long-term monitoring sites across land use (forest, agricultural, suburban, and urban) at the Baltimore Ecosystem Study Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) site in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Over 20 yr of routine water temperature data showed substantial variation across seasons and years. Lab incubations of sediment and overlying water were conducted at 4 temperatures (4 °C, 15 °C, 25 °C, and 35 °C) for 48 h. Results indicated: (1) warming significantly increased sediment DOC fluxes to overlying water across land use but decreased DOC quality via increases in the humic-like to protein-like fractions, (2) warming consistently increased SRP fluxes from sediments to overlying water across land use, (3) warming increased sulfate fluxes from sediments to overlying water at rural/suburban sites but decreased sulfate fluxes at some urban sites likely due to sulfate reduction, and (4) nitrate fluxes showed an increasing trend with temperature at some forest and urban sites but with larger variability than SRP. Sediment fluxes of nitrate, SRP and sulfate were strongly related to watershed urbanization and organic matter content. Using relationships of sediment fluxes with temperature, we estimate a 5 °C warming would increase mean sediment fluxes of SRP, DOC and nitrate-N across streams by 0.27–1.37 g m−2 yr−1, 0.03–0.14 kg m−2 yr−1, and 0.001–0.06 kg m−2 yr−1. Understanding warming impacts on coupled biogeochemical cycles in streams (e.g., organic matter mineralization, P sorption, nitrification, denitrification, and sulfate reduction) is critical for forecasting shifts in carbon and nutrient loads in response to interactive impacts of climate and land use change.

scholarly journals Soil microbial community dynamics and assembly under long-term land use change

2017 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Goss-Souza ◽  
Lucas William Mendes ◽  
Clovis Daniel Borges ◽  
Dilmar Baretta ◽  
Siu Mui Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Community Dynamics

The Local Biophysical Response to Land-Use Change in HadGEM2-ES

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (22) ◽  
pp. 7611-7627 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Bowen Ratio ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Turbulent Heat ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Turbulent Heat Fluxes ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract The biophysical response to a local change in land use is calculated using the HadGEM2-ES Earth system model. The biophysical temperature response is found to be a small residual of three large opposing flux responses: available energy, sensible heat, and latent heat. Deforestation reduces available energy, which is balanced by a reduction in heat lost via turbulent fluxes. However, the changes in turbulent heat fluxes are not simply a response to the reduction in available energy; rather, they are a direct response to land-use change, caused by reduced roughness length and, in the tropics, an increase in the Bowen ratio. Evaluation against satellite-derived observational datasets shows that in response to deforestation, the model has too much albedo-driven cooling and too little latent-heat-driven warming, leading to a large cooling bias.

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