scholarly journals Carbon recycling efficiency and phosphate turnover by marine nitrifying archaea

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (19) ◽  
pp. eaba1799
Author(s):  
Travis B. Meador ◽  
Niels Schoffelen ◽  
Timothy G. Ferdelman ◽  
Osmond Rebello ◽  
Alexander Khachikyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Dissolved Organics ◽  
Marine Biomass ◽  
Carbon Recycling

Thaumarchaeotal nitrifiers are among the most abundant organisms in the ocean, but still unknown is the carbon (C) yield from nitrification and the coupling of these fluxes to phosphorus (P) turnover and release of metabolites from the cell. Using a dual radiotracer approach, we found that Nitrosopumilus maritimus fixed roughly 0.3 mol C, assimilated 2 mmol P, and released ca. 10−2 mol C and 10−5 mol P as dissolved organics (DOC and DOP) per mole ammonia respired. Phosphate turnover may influence assimilation fluxes by nitrifiers in the euphotic zone, which parallel those of the dark ocean. Collectively, marine nitrifiers assimilate up to 2 Pg C year−1 and 0.05 Pg P year−1 and thereby recycle roughly 5% of mineralized C and P into marine biomass. Release of roughly 50 Tg DOC and 0.2 Tg DOP by thaumarchaea each year represents a small but fresh input of reduced substrates throughout the ocean.

Wastewater Treatment Using Marine Algae Biomass as Pollutants Removal

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1089-1098
Author(s):  
Elena Suzana Biris Dorhoi ◽  
Maria Tofana ◽  
Simona Maria Chis ◽  
Carmen Elena Lupu ◽  
Ticuta Negreanu Pirjol
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Marine Biomass ◽  
Pollutants Removal

The valorification of the marine biomass is an important resource for many industries like pharmaceutical, supplying raw material for the extraction of bioactive substances (vitamins, sterols and collagen), cosmetics, biofertilizers and wastewater treatment. In the last years a special attention has been given to the use of macroalgae. The aim of this study was to emphasize the capacity of two representative green algae species frequent presents on the Romanian shore, Ulva lactuca (L.) and Cladophora vagabunda (L.) Hoek, to remove two usual detergents from wastewater. The green algae washed, dried at room temperature, macerated to powder were introduced into different filter paper for comparison, then immersed in waste water treated with different concentrations of detergents. Tap water was used for the experiment. The results show that Ulva lactuca (L.) species is suitable than Cladophora vagabunda (L.) Hoek species, for wastewater treatment.

Determination of the Size Distribution of Dissolved Organics in Effluents

1973 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Addie ◽  
K.L. Murphy ◽  
J.L. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Clean Surface ◽  
Sephadex Column ◽  
Dissolved Organics ◽  
Molecular Size Distribution

Abstract The importance of removing the small amounts of residual organics is increasing as the sources of clean surface water decrease. Knowledge of the nature of these soluble residual organics will be needed in order to assess the type of treatment required for their removal. Residual organics in three different biological treatment plants were analyzed and compared. An attempt was made to characterize these organics by a molecular size distribution on a Sephadex column monitored by differential ultraviolet and refractive index detectors. The organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand of the fractions collected from the column was also determined. An investigation of some of the problems inherent in the monitoring systems was conducted.

Spatial and Temporal Water Quality Trends in Severn Sound, Georgian Bay, since the Introduction of Phosphorus Control Guidelines: Nutrients and Phytoplankton, 1973 to 1991

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. Gemza
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Abstract Severn Sound continues to exhibit signs of eutrophication despite initial identification of the problem in 1969 and the construction of several sewage treatment plants since then. In general, improvements in trophic state indicators have been marginal, suggesting that the sewage treatment plants have had limited success in controlling phosphorus concentrations. These discharges likely contributed to the increased total phosphorus levels and consequently the higher phytoplankton densities of the nearshore waters. Phytoplankton biovolumes were on average one order of magnitude higher than in the open waters of Lake Huron with mean summer biovolumes as high as 8.0 mm/L. Algal biovolumes were most dense in Penetang Bay, which experienced limited exchange with the main waters of the sound. No significant long-term trends were observed. Water clarity was declining significantly, however, at a rate of -0.60 to -0.78 m/year throughout the sound except in Sturgeon Bay. Total phosphorus levels were highly variable from year to year; however, concentrations from a 20-year perspective were declining in the open waters at a rate of 0.70 µg/L/year, but response was limited in nearshore areas. In Sturgeon Bay, mean annual euphotic zone total phosphorus as well as soluble reactive phosphorus levels declined by as much as 50% following the construction of a sewage treatment plant with tertiary treatment. Phytoplankton genera typical of eutrophic waters continued to dominate the algal assemblage but members indicative of mesotrophic conditions have become apparent in some areas of the sound.

Marine biomass toward biofuel production

2020 ◽  
pp. 451-462
Author(s):  
Jeevanandam Vaishnavi ◽  
Arumugam Arulprakash ◽  
Adikesavan Selvi ◽  
Aruliah Rajasekar
Keyword(s):  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Marine Biomass

scholarly journals Toxins and Other Bioactive Metabolites in Deep Chlorophyll Layers Containing the Cyanobacteria Planktothrix cf. isothrix in Two Georgian Bay Embayments, Lake Huron

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Arthur Zastepa ◽  
Todd R. Miller ◽  
L. Cynthia Watson ◽  
Hedy Kling ◽  
Susan B. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stratification ◽  
Chemical Defence ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Georgian Bay ◽  
And Function

The understanding of deep chlorophyll layers (DCLs) in the Great Lakes—largely reported as a mix of picoplankton and mixotrophic nanoflagellates—is predominantly based on studies of deep (>30 m), offshore locations. Here, we document and characterize nearshore DCLs from two meso-oligotrophic embayments, Twelve Mile Bay (TMB) and South Bay (SB), along eastern Georgian Bay, Lake Huron (Ontario, Canada) in 2014, 2015, and 2018. Both embayments showed the annual formation of DCLs, present as dense, thin, metalimnetic plates dominated by the large, potentially toxic, and bloom-forming cyanobacteria Planktothrix cf. isothrix. The contribution of P. cf. isothrix to the deep-living total biomass (TB) increased as thermal stratification progressed over the ice-free season, reaching 40% in TMB (0.6 mg/L at 9.5 m) and 65% in South Bay (3.5 mg/L at 7.5 m) in 2015. The euphotic zone in each embayment extended down past the mixed layer, into the nutrient-enriched hypoxic hypolimnia, consistent with other studies of similar systems with DCLs. The co-occurrence of the metal-oxidizing bacteria Leptothrix spp. and bactivorous flagellates within the metalimnetic DCLs suggests that the microbial loop plays an important role in recycling nutrients within these layers, particularly phosphate (PO4) and iron (Fe). Samples taken through the water column in both embayments showed measurable concentrations of the cyanobacterial toxins microcystins (max. 0.4 µg/L) and the other bioactive metabolites anabaenopeptins (max. ~7 µg/L) and cyanopeptolins (max. 1 ng/L), along with the corresponding genes (max. in 2018). These oligopeptides are known to act as metabolic inhibitors (e.g., in chemical defence against grazers, parasites) and allow a competitive advantage. In TMB, the 2018 peaks in these oligopeptides and genes coincided with the P. cf. isothrix DCLs, suggesting this species as the main source. Our data indicate that intersecting physicochemical gradients of light and nutrient-enriched hypoxic hypolimnia are key factors in supporting DCLs in TMB and SB. Microbial activity and allelopathy may also influence DCL community structure and function, and require further investigation, particularly related to the dominance of potentially toxigenic species such as P. cf. isothrix.

Chemical speciation of iron in the euphotic zone along the Kuroshio Current

2021 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 103966
Author(s):  
Mitsuhide Sato ◽  
Jun Nishioka ◽  
Kazuyuki Maki ◽  
Shigenobu Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Kuroshio Current ◽  
The Kuroshio

scholarly journals Marine Polysaccharides as a Versatile Biomass for the Construction of Nano Drug Delivery Systems

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Ying Sun ◽  
Xiaoli Ma ◽  
Hao Hu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Marine Biomass ◽  
Nano Drug Delivery ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Marine Polysaccharide

Marine biomass is a treasure trove of materials. Marine polysaccharides have the characteristics of biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, low cost, and abundance. An enormous variety of polysaccharides can be extracted from marine organisms such as algae, crustaceans, and microorganisms. The most studied marine polysaccharides include chitin, chitosan, alginates, hyaluronic acid, fucoidan, carrageenan, agarose, and Ulva. Marine polysaccharides have a wide range of applications in the field of biomedical materials, such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound dressings, and sensors. The drug delivery system (DDS) can comprehensively control the distribution of drugs in the organism in space, time, and dosage, thereby increasing the utilization efficiency of drugs, reducing costs, and reducing toxic side effects. The nano-drug delivery system (NDDS), due to its small size, can function at the subcellular level in vivo. The marine polysaccharide-based DDS combines the advantages of polysaccharide materials and nanotechnology, and is suitable as a carrier for different pharmaceutical preparations. This review summarizes the advantages and drawbacks of using marine polysaccharides to construct the NDDS and describes the preparation methods and modification strategies of marine polysaccharide-based nanocarriers.

scholarly journals Sustainable Sources from Aquatic Organisms for Cosmeceuticals Ingredients

Cosmetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Carmen G. Sotelo ◽  
María Blanco ◽  
Patricia Ramos ◽  
José A. Vázquez ◽  
Ricardo I. Perez-Martin
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fishing Activity ◽  
Marine Biomass ◽  
Cosmetic Industry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Life ◽  
By Products

Long life expectancy of populations in the developing world together with some cultural and social issues has driven the need to pay special attention to health and physical appearance. Cosmeceuticals are gaining interest in the cosmetic industry as their uses fulfills a double purpose: the requirements of a cosmetic (clean, perfume, protect, change the appearance of the external parts of the body or keeping them in good condition) with a particular bioactivity function. The cosmetics industry, producing both cosmetics and cosmeceuticals, is currently facing numerous challenges to satisfy different attitudes of consumers (vegetarianism, veganism, cultural or religious concerns, health or safety reasons, eco-friendly process, etc.). A currently growing trend in the market is the interest in products of low environmental impact. Marine origin ingredients are increasingly being incorporated into cosmeceutical preparations because they are able to address several consumer requirements and also due to the wide range of bioactivities they present (antioxidant, whitening, anti-aging, etc.). Many companies claim “Marine” as a distinctive marketing signal; however, only a few indicate whether they use sustainable ingredient sources. Sustainable marine ingredients might be obtained using wild marine biomass through a sustainable extractive fishing activity; by adopting valorization strategies including the use of fish discards and fish by-products; and by sustainably farming and culturing marine organisms.

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