Tsunami-driven rafting: Transoceanic species dispersal and implications for marine biogeography

Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 357 (6358) ◽  
pp. 1402-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Carlton ◽  
John W. Chapman ◽  
Jonathan B. Geller ◽  
Jessica A. Miller ◽  
Deborah A. Carlton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Species Dispersal ◽  
Marine Biogeography ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Coastal Species ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

The 2011 East Japan earthquake generated a massive tsunami that launched an extraordinary transoceanic biological rafting event with no known historical precedent. We document 289 living Japanese coastal marine species from 16 phyla transported over 6 years on objects that traveled thousands of kilometers across the Pacific Ocean to the shores of North America and Hawai‘i. Most of this dispersal occurred on nonbiodegradable objects, resulting in the longest documented transoceanic survival and dispersal of coastal species by rafting. Expanding shoreline infrastructure has increased global sources of plastic materials available for biotic colonization and also interacts with climate change–induced storms of increasing severity to eject debris into the oceans. In turn, increased ocean rafting may intensify species invasions.

Habitat Mapping for Human Well-Being: a tool for reducing risk in disaster-prone coastal environments and human communities

2021 ◽  
pp. SP505-2021-26
Author(s):  
Yuri Oki ◽  
Hiroshi Kitazato ◽  
Toyonobu Fujii ◽  
Soichiro Yasukawa
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Coastal Species ◽  
Northeastern Japan ◽  
The Pacific

AbstractCoastal ecosystems consist of diverse habitats, such as reed beds, salt marshes, mangrove swamps, tidal flats, river deltas, seagrass fields, coral reefs, sandy/rocky-shore beaches and other habitats that harbour biodiversity. The Great East Japan Earthquake of March 2011 caused severe damage to one-third of the fishing communities along the Pacific Ocean of northeastern Japan. Coastal species, such as seagrasses, function as nursery areas for commercially important species. Coastal ecosystems provide natural infrastructure for the prevention and reduction of hazardous events, a process known as ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction (Eco-DRR). The preparation of topographic and thematic maps of coastal marine environments is essential to establish and visualise the concept of Eco-DRR. Experience gained following the Japanese earthquake, as well as examples from Indonesia and Thailand in the wake of 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami showed that Eco-DRR is an affordable and sustainable approach. Dissemination of habitat maps should be further promoted as a means to ‘Build Back Better’. To scale up and promote Eco-DRR, scientists must work in a transdisciplinary manner and engage with society through understanding the roles of ecosystems by monitoring and analysing, providing solutions and raising the awareness of community and policy makers, enabling them to better implement Eco-DRR.

Response of the Pacific Ocean Circulation to Climate Change

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyong Luo ◽  
Lewis M. Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

scholarly journals Ancient globetrotters—connectivity and putative native ranges of two cosmopolitan biofouling amphipods

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9613
Author(s):  
Jan Beermann ◽  
Allison K. Hall-Mullen ◽  
Charlotte Havermans ◽  
Joop WP Coolen ◽  
Richard PMA Crooijmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Species Dispersal ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
The World ◽  
Geographic Populations ◽  
And Migration

The geographic distributions of some coastal marine species have appeared as cosmopolitan ever since they were first scientifically documented. In particular, for many benthic species that are associated with anthropogenic substrata, there is much speculation as to whether or not their broad distributions can be explained by natural mechanisms of dispersal. Here, we focused on two congeneric coastal crustaceans with cosmopolitan distributions—the tube-dwelling amphipods Jassa marmorata and Jassa slatteryi. Both species are common elements of marine biofouling on nearly all kinds of artificial hard substrata in temperate to warm seas. We hypothesized that the two species’ modern occurrences across the oceans are the result of human shipping activities that started centuries ago. Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the CO1 fragment of specimens from distinct marine regions around the world were analysed, evaluating genetic structure and migration models and making inferences on putative native ranges of the two Jassa species. Populations of both species exhibited considerable genetic diversity with differing levels of geographic structure. For both species, at least two dominant haplotypes were shared among several geographic populations. Rapid demographic expansion and high migration rates between geographically distant regions support a scenario of ongoing dispersal all over the world. Our findings indicate that the likely former native range of J. marmorata is the Northwest Atlantic, whereas the likely former native range of J. slatteryi is the Northern Pacific region. As corroborated by the genetic connectivity between populations, shipping still appears to be the more successful vector of the two species’ dispersal when compared to natural mechanisms. Historical invasion events that likely started centuries ago, along with current ongoing dispersal, confirm these species’ identities as true “neocosmopolitans”.

Advances in Fish Tagging and Marking Technology

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Distinct Region ◽  
Online Database ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

<i>Abstract</i>.—The coded wire tag (CWT) database contains detailed information on millions of Pacific salmon <i>Oncorhynchus </i>spp. released from hatcheries or smolt traps and recovered in the Pacific Ocean and its tributaries. I used this information to compare marine distribution patterns of hatchery coho <i>O. kisutch </i>and Chinook <i>O. tshawytscha </i>salmon, based on recoveries of an estimated 1.99 million tagged salmon in coastal areas from southern California to the Bering Sea. Both species show distinct region-specific distribution patterns. Within these release regions, coho and Chinook salmon marine distributions were often similar, with fish distributed largely in local waters. In other regions, Chinook salmon were distributed father north than coho salmon originating from the same region. Only in two regions did the two species have fundamentally different marine distributions, with coho south of, and Chinook salmon north of, the natal stream. The analysis also revealed several “hot spots” of salmon diversity, identified by numerically few recoveries that represented many of the hatcheries used in the analysis. These hotspots may serve as important reservoirs for the continued existence of populations that are particularly vulnerable to climate change due to their restricted marine distributions. Although CWT technology is primitive by modern standards, the enormous amount of data collected in a consistent fashion over decades and contained in an online database provides a unique and underutilized opportunity to address many elusive questions about Pacific salmon.

scholarly journals Genomic Biorepository of Coastal Marine Species in Estero Padre Ramos and Estero Real, Nicaragua

Encuentro ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Huete-Pérez ◽  
Eduardo Mendoza-Ramírez ◽  
Lucía Páiz-Medina
Keyword(s):  
Marine Species ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Biodiversity Database ◽  
Northern Pacific ◽  
Sandy Sediments ◽  
The University

Nicaragua, located in southern Mesoamerica between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, has acted as a land bridge for flora and fauna migrating between North and South America during the last 3 million years. Because of Nicaragua’s location and history, it is rich in terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. To study this biodiversity and preserve it for the future, Nicaragua’s Molecular Biology Center at the University of Central America (CBM-UCA) created the Genomic Biorepository Project. The Project collects and catalogs coastal marine biodiversity in the Estero Real and Padre Ramos estuaries, located in Nicaragua’s northern Pacific region.The biorepository holds more than three thousand tissue and genomic specimens, comprising 1,049 samples (714 specimens from Estero Padre Ramos and 335 from Estero Real) belonging to 100 species and 54 families, genomic extracts in triplicates for every sample collected and environmental sandy sediments representing 60 different sites. Changes in the biological composition of the region were documentedas compared to previous sampling. Of the 1,049 samples obtained from the two estuaries, 30 new residents were recorded in Estero Real, and 19 in Estero Padre Ramos. The Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene was sequenced for a number of species, including 19 fish species, and published to public databases (BOLD SYSTEMS). The records contained in the genomic biorepository here described lay the foundation for the most complete marine biodiversity database in Nicaragua and is made available to national and international specialists, facilitating knowledge of Nicaraguan biodiversity.

scholarly journals Atolls in the ocean—canaries in the mine? Australian journalism contesting climate change impacts in the Pacific

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Nash
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Small Island ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Island States ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Small Island States ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

This article has two complementary aspects, empirical and theoretical. Empirically, it examines the reportage of the two most prolific Australian journalists on the threat posed by climate change to low-lying Pacific island states, reporting over the two-year period leading up to and following the high-profile COP15 summit in Copenhagen in 2009. It was at that summit that the concerns of the Association of Small Island States (AOSIS) were given extensive media coverage and managed to dominate the agenda for several days, to the consternation of some other summit participants. COP15 affords a good case study because the media coverage of this issue was variegated and heavily contested, contrary to earlier scholarly claims about an allegedly mono-dimensional quality to the journalism about climate change in the Pacific Ocean (Nash & Bacon, 2013).

scholarly journals Modelling the Effects of Radioactive Effluent onThunnus orientalisandOncorhynchus gorbuscha

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zhixiong Chen ◽  
Yi Ding ◽  
Rusty Laracuenti ◽  
Bernard Lipat
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Thunnus Orientalis ◽  
Radioactive Effluent ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Marine Wildlife

The contamination of the Pacific Ocean by the radioactive pollutants released from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant has raised legitimate concerns over the viability of marine wildlife. We develop a modified Crank-Nicholson method to approximate a solution to the diffusion-advection-decay equation in time and three spatial dimensions to explore the extent of the effects of the radioactive effluent on two marine species: the Pacific Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus orientalis) and the Pacific Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha).

scholarly journals Speciation with gene flow via cycles of isolation and migration: insights from multiple mangrove taxa

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziwen He ◽  
Xinnian Li ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
Xinfeng Wang ◽  
Cairong Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Geographical Barrier ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Genome Assemblies

AbstractAllopatric speciation requiring an unbroken period of geographical isolation has been the standard model of neo-Darwinism. While doubts have been repeatedly raised, strict allopatry without any gene flow remains a plausible mechanism in most cases. To rigorously reject strict allopatry, genomic sequences superimposed on the geological records of a well-delineated geographical barrier are necessary. The Strait of Malacca, narrowly connecting the Pacific and Indian Ocean coasts, serves at different times either as a geographical barrier or a conduit of gene flow for coastal/marine species. We surveyed 1700 plants from 29 populations of 5 common mangrove species by large-scale DNA sequencing and added several whole-genome assemblies. Speciation between the two oceans is driven by cycles of isolation and gene flow due to the fluctuations in sea level leading to the opening/closing of the Strait to ocean currents. Because the time required for speciation in mangroves is longer than the isolation phases, speciation in these mangroves has proceeded through many cycles of mixing-isolation-mixing, or MIM, cycles. The MIM mechanism, by relaxing the condition of no gene flow, can promote speciation in many more geographical features than strict allopatry can. Finally, the MIM mechanism of speciation is also efficient, potentially yielding mn (m > 1) species after n cycles.

scholarly journals “Dancing with apocalypse”: The impacts of climate change on livelihood of Tuvalu - Polynesia / “Dançando com o apocalypse”: Os impactos das mudanças climáticas para subsistência em Tuvalu - Polinésia

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Meredian Alam
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Community Members ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Rapid Destruction ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

For community living in Least Developing Countries (LDC) climate change has imposed recent pressure on the locals. The impact it causes is also exacerbated by the inadequate infrastructure and regional policy in those countries. With the focus of interest in the case of Tuvalu, one of LDCs located in Western Oceania which clearly encounters rapid destruction due to climatic events, this paper presents the natural changes and living conditions of Tuvaluan inhabitants. Those calamities are caused predominantly by sea-level rise, warmer temperatures, unprecedented cyclones and contaminated water. Benchmarked with other small islands stretching across the Pacific Ocean, the finding demonstrates that Tuvalu has ignoredinternational concerns due to its critical situations that are causedby the government and local community members.  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document