scholarly journals Precipitation extremes on time scales from minute to month measured at the Hamburg Weather Mast 1997–2014 and their relation to synoptic weather types

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Weder ◽  
Gerd Müller ◽  
Burghard Brümmer
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Precipitation Extremes ◽  
Weather Types ◽  
Synoptic Weather

scholarly journals Short-Term Associations of Fine Particulate Matter and Synoptic Weather Types with Cardiovascular Mortality: An Ecological Time-Series Study in Shanghai, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Tian ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
Scott Montgomery ◽  
Bo Fang ◽  
Chunfang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Weather Types ◽  
Synoptic Weather ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

Background: Exposures to both ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and extreme weather conditions have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths in numerous epidemiologic studies. However, evidence on the associations with CVD deaths for interaction effects between PM2.5 and weather conditions is still limited. This study aimed to investigate associations of exposures to PM2.5 and weather conditions with cardiovascular mortality, and further to investigate the synergistic or antagonistic effects of ambient air pollutants and synoptic weather types (SWTs). Methods: Information on daily CVD deaths, air pollution, and meteorological conditions between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2014 was obtained in Shanghai, China. Generalized additive models were used to assess the associations of daily PM2.5 concentrations and meteorological factors with CVD deaths. A 15-day lag analysis was conducted using a polynomial distributed lag model to access the lag patterns for associations with PM2.5. Results: During the study period, the total number of CVD deaths in Shanghai was 59,486, with a daily mean of 54.3 deaths. The average daily PM2.5 concentration was 55.0 µg/m3. Each 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration was associated with a 1.26% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.40%, 2.12%) increase in CVD mortality. No SWT was statistically significantly associated with CVD deaths. For the interaction between PM2.5 and SWT, statistically significant interactions were found between PM2.5 and cold weather, with risk for PM2.5 in cold dry SWT decreasing by 1.47% (95% CI: 0.54%, 2.39%), and in cold humid SWT the risk decreased by 1.45% (95% CI: 0.52%, 2.36%). In the lag effect analysis, statistically significant positive associations were found for PM2.5 in the 1–3 lag days, while no statistically significant effects were found for other lag day periods. Conclusions: Exposure to PM2.5 was associated with short-term increased risk of cardiovascular deaths with some lag effects, while the cold weather may have an antagonistic effect with PM2.5. However, the ecological study design limited the possibility to identify a causal relationship, so prospective studies with individual level data are warranted.

Kawasaki disease in Spanish paediatric population and synoptic weather types: an observational study

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1259-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leyre Riancho-Zarrabeitia ◽  
Domingo F. Rasilla ◽  
Dominic Royé ◽  
Pablo Fdez-Arroyabe ◽  
Ana Santurtún
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Weather Types ◽  
Synoptic Weather

The Relation Between Cloudiness over the Greenland Icecap and Synoptic Weather Types 1 2

1960 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Clarence A. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Grid Point ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Weather Types ◽  
Synoptic Weather ◽  
System Type

This paper is a summary of cloudiness over the Greenland icecap route from Sondrestrom Air Base, approximately 67N–51W, to Angmagssalik, approximately 65.5N–37.5W. Four types of synoptic systems were chosen and cloudiness summarized by types both annually and for the summer season. Total cloudiness annually and for the summer season without regard to synoptic types is also presented. Data for this paper consisted of 511 flight cross sections made by Scandinavian Airlines System flight crews in scheduled air service over the icecap route. It is presented in the form of a cross-section grid with isopleths showing the percentage of time cloudiness was observed at each grid point. These cross sections are of particular value in that they are the first source of systematic, observed weather data over this area. An attempt is made to explain icecap cloud distribution by correlation with system type in order to provide a practical forecasting aid for the Greenland air-route forecasters.

scholarly journals Downscaling Extreme Precipitation from CMIP5 Simulations Using Historical Analogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 2421-2439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Castellano ◽  
Arthur T. DeGaetano
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Extremes ◽  
Cmip5 Models ◽  
Composite Analysis ◽  
Analog Method ◽  
Precipitation Frequency ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Synoptic Weather

AbstractAn approach for downscaling daily precipitation extremes using historical analogs is applied to simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The method employs a multistep procedure in which the occurrence of extreme precipitation on a given target day is determined on the basis of the probability of extreme precipitation on that day’s closest historical analogs. If extreme precipitation is expected, daily precipitation observations associated with the historical analogs are used to approximate precipitation amounts on the target day. By applying the analog method to historical simulations, the ability of the CMIP5 models to simulate synoptic weather patterns associated with extreme precipitation is assessed. Differences between downscaled and observed precipitation extremes are investigated by comparing the precipitation frequency distributions for a subset of rarely selected extreme analog days with those for all observed days with extreme precipitation. A supplemental composite analysis of the synoptic weather patterns on these rarely selected analog days is utilized to elucidate the meteorological factors that contribute to such discrepancies. Overall, the analog method as applied to CMIP5 simulations yields realistic estimates of historical precipitation extremes, with return-period precipitation biases that are comparable in magnitude to those obtained from dynamically downscaled simulations. The analysis of rarely selected analog days reveals that precipitation amounts on these days are generally larger than precipitation amounts on all days with extreme precipitation, leading to an underestimation of return-period precipitation amounts at many stations. Furthermore, the synoptic composite analysis reveals that tropical cyclones are a common feature on these rarely selected analog days.

Influence of Pacific Decadal Oscillation on global precipitation extremes on decadal time scales

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenguang Wei ◽  
Zhongwei Yan ◽  
Zhen Li
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Pacific Decadal Oscillation ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Location Parameter ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Precipitation Extremes ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Local Circulation ◽  
Ural Mountain ◽  
Regional Patterns

<p>On the decadal time scales, while the influence of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) on total or average precipitation had been extensively studied, works about its influence on precipitation extremes were limited, especially lack of a global picture.  Using two independent methods, nonstationary generalized extreme value (GEV) model which directly incorporates PDO index into its location parameter and moving GEV model which fits the annual extremes with a sliding window of 30 years and regresses the resulted changing location parameter onto the PDO index, we show that precipitation extremes over a large portion of stations are significantly affected by the PDO with stations in the Pacific Rim demonstrating distinct regional patterns. Over eastern China, the famous ‘southern flood and norther drought’ pattern corresponding to a positive PDO phase extends to extreme rainfalls; over Australia, a tri-polar pattern was revealed, in which the extremes over central Australia positively correlate with the PDO index and those over eastern and western Australia show a negative correlation; and the North America also demonstrates a dipole pattern, by which the northwest (southeast) experiences less (more) intense extreme rainfall in a PDO positive phase. Moreover, the western Europe and the large area between the Ural mountain and eastern Europe were discovered to hold a positive correlation with the PDO in their precipitation extremes. A comparative analysis to the local circulation controlling the precipitation extremes under different PDO phases further confirms the discovered relationships above. These findings have important implication for the future projection of extreme precipitation over related regions because the internal climate variability should be appropriately accounted for beyond the effects induced by global warming.</p>

scholarly journals Soya bean yield variability in the Argentine Pampas in relation to synoptic weather types: monitoring implications

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Laura Bettolli ◽  
Walter M. Vargas ◽  
Olga C. Penalba
Keyword(s):  
Soya Bean ◽  
Yield Variability ◽  
Weather Types ◽  
Synoptic Weather ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Argentine Pampas
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