scholarly journals Molecular Characteristics and In Vitro Susceptibility to Antimicrobial Agents, Including the Des-Fluoro(6) Quinolone DX-619, of Panton-Valentine Leucocidin-Positive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from the Community and Hospitals

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 4077-4086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuo Yamamoto ◽  
Soshi Dohmae ◽  
Kohei Saito ◽  
Taketo Otsuka ◽  
Tomomi Takano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Staphylococcal Protein A ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Single Locus Variant ◽  
Mrsa Strains

ABSTRACTHighly virulent, community-acquired methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strains with Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) genes have been found increasingly worldwide. Among a total of 2,101 MRSA strains isolated from patients in hospitals in Japan, two were positive for PVL genes. One strain was identified as a community-acquired MRSA strain with genotype sequence type 30 (ST30) andspa(staphylococcal protein A gene) type 19 from Japan and was resistant only to β-lactam antimicrobial agents. The other strain was closely related to PVL+multidrug-resistant, hospital-acquired MRSA strains (ST30,spatype 43) derived from nosocomial outbreaks in the 1980s to 1990s in Japan but with a divergent sequence type, ST765 (a single-locus variant of ST30). Twenty-two PVL+MRSA strains, including those from Japan and those from other countries with various sequence types (ST1, ST8, ST30, ST59, and ST80) and genotypes, were examined for susceptibility to 31 antimicrobial agents. Among the agents, DX-619, a des-fluoro(6) quinolone, showed the greatest activity, followed by rifampin and sitafloxacin, a fluoroquinolone. The data suggest that DX-619 exhibits a superior activity against PVL+MRSA strains with various virulence genetic traits from the community as well as from hospitals.

scholarly journals Novel Characteristics of Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Belonging to Multilocus Sequence Type 59 in Taiwan

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 837-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Takano ◽  
Wataru Higuchi ◽  
Taketo Otsuka ◽  
Tatiana Baranovich ◽  
Shymaa Enany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Type V

ABSTRACTCommunity-acquired methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(CA-MRSA) strains, which often produce Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL), are increasingly noted worldwide. In this study, we examined 42 MRSA strains (25 PVL-positive [PVL+] strains and 17 PVL-negative [PVL−] strains) isolated in Taiwan for their molecular characteristics. The PVL+MRSA strains included CA-MRSA strains with multilocus sequence type (ST) 59 (major PVL+MRSA in Taiwan), its variants, and worldwide CA-MRSA ST30 strains. The PVL−MRSA strains included the pandemic Hungarian MRSA ST239 strain, the Hungarian MRSA ST239 variant, MRSA ST59 (largely hospital-acquired MRSA strains) and its variants, the pandemic New York/Japan MRSA ST5 strain (Japanese type), and the MRSA ST8 strain. The major PVL+CA-MRSA ST59 strain possessed a tetracycline resistance-conferring (tetKpositive) penicillinase plasmid and a drug resistance gene cluster (a possible composite transposon) for multidrug resistance. Moreover, it carried a novel staphylococcal cassette chromosomemec(SCCmec) with two distinctccrCgenes (ccrC2-C8). This SCCmec(previously named SCCmectype VT) was tentatively designated SCCmectype VII. Sequencing of the PVL genes revealed the polymorphisms, and the PVL+CA-MRSA ST59 strain possessed the ST59-specific PVL gene sequence. The data suggest that a significant amount of clonal spread is occurring in Taiwan and that the major PVL+CA-MRSA ST59Taiwanstrain exhibits unique genetic characteristics, such as a novel SCCmectype and an ST59-specific PVL gene sequence.

scholarly journals Extensive Genetic Diversity Identified among Sporadic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Recovered in Irish Hospitals between 2000 and 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1907-1917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Kinnevey ◽  
Anna C. Shore ◽  
Grainne I. Brennan ◽  
Derek J. Sullivan ◽  
Ralf Ehricht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Type Assignment ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Microarray Profiling ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Ongoing Surveillance

ABSTRACTClonal replacement of predominant nosocomial methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strains has occurred several times in Ireland during the last 4 decades. However, little is known about sporadically occurring MRSA in Irish hospitals or in other countries. Eighty-eight representativepvl-negative sporadic MRSA isolates recovered in Irish hospitals between 2000 and 2012 were investigated. These yielded unusual pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and antibiogram-resistogram typing patterns distinct from those of the predominant nosocomial MRSA clone, ST22-MRSA-IV, during the study period. Isolates were characterized byspatyping and DNA microarray profiling for multilocus sequence type (MLST) clonal complex (CC) and/or sequence type (ST) and SCCmectype assignment, as well as for detection of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. Conventional PCR-based SCCmecsubtyping was undertaken when necessary. Extensive diversity was detected, including 38spatypes, 13 MLST-CCs (including 18 STs among 62 isolates assigned to STs), and 25 SCCmectypes (including 2 possible novel SCCmecelements and 7 possible novel SCCmecsubtypes). Fifty-four MLST-spa-SCCmectype combinations were identified. Overall, 68.5% of isolates were assigned to nosocomial lineages, with ST8-t190-MRSA-IID/IIE ± SCCM1predominating (17.4%), followed by CC779/ST779-t878-MRSA-ψSCCmec-SCC-SCCCRISPR(7.6%) and CC22/ST22-t032-MRSA-IVh (5.4%). Community-associated clones, including CC1-t127/t386/t2279-MRSA-IV, CC59-t216-MRSA-V, CC8-t008-MRSA-IVa, and CC5-t002/t242-MRSA-IV/V, and putative animal-associated clones, including CC130-t12399-MRSA-XI, ST8-t064-MRSA-IVa, ST398-t011-MRSA-IVa, and CC6-t701-MRSA-V, were also identified. In total, 53.3% and 47.8% of isolates harbored genes for resistance to two or more classes of antimicrobial agents and two or more mobile genetic element-encoded virulence-associated factors, respectively. Effective ongoing surveillance of sporadic nosocomial MRSA is warranted for early detection of emerging clones and reservoirs of virulence, resistance, and SCCmecgenes.

Multilocus Sequence Typing and Staphylococcal Protein A Typing Revealed Novel and Diverse Clones of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Seafood and the Aquatic Environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Murugadas ◽  
C. Joseph Toms ◽  
Sara A. Reethu ◽  
K. V. Lalitha
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Staphylococcal Protein A ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Staphylococcal Protein ◽  
Mrsa Strains

ABSTRACT Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been a global health concern since the 1960s, and isolation of this pathogen from food-producing animals has been increasing. However, little information is available on the prevalence of MRSA and its clonal characteristics in seafood and the aquatic environment. In this study, 267 seafood and aquatic environment samples were collected from three districts of Kerala, India. Staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed for 65 MRSA strains isolated from 20 seafood and aquatic environment samples. The MRSA clonal profiles were t657-ST772, t002-ST5, t334-ST5, t311-ST5, t121-ST8, t186-ST88, t127-ST1, and two non-spa assignable strains. Whole spa gene sequence analysis along with MLST confirmed one strain as t711-ST6 and another as a novel MRSA clone identified for the first time in seafood and the aquatic environment with a t15669 spa type and a new MLST profile of ST420-256-236-66-82-411-477. The MRSA strains were clustered into five clonal complexes based on the goeBURST algorithm, indicating high diversity among MRSA strains in seafood and the aquatic environment. The novel clone formed a separate clonal complex with matches to three loci. This study recommends large-scale spa typing and MLST of MRSA isolates from seafood and the aquatic environment to determine the prevalence of new MRSA clones. This monitoring process can be useful for tracing local spread of MRSA isolates into the seafood production chain in a defined geographical area.

scholarly journals Differentiation of Community-Associated and Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates and Identification of spa Types by Use of PCR and High-Resolution Melt Curve Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed A. Ghorashi ◽  
Jane Heller ◽  
Quincy Zhang ◽  
Shafi Sahibzada
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Staphylococcal Protein A ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
High Resolution Melt ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mrsa Strains

ABSTRACT Infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are present worldwide and represent a major public health concern. The capability of PCR followed by high-resolution melt (HRM) curve analysis for the detection of community-associated and livestock-associated MRSA strains and the identification of staphylococcal protein A (spa) locus was evaluated in 74 MRSA samples which were isolated from the environment, humans, and pigs on a single piggery. PCR-HRM curve analysis identified four spa types among MRSA samples and differentiated MRSA strains accordingly. A nonsubjective differentiation model was developed according to genetic confidence percentage values produced by tested samples, which did not require visual interpretation of HRM curve results. The test was carried out at different settings, and result data were reanalyzed and confirmed with DNA sequencing. PCR-HRM curve analysis proved to be a robust and reliable test for spa typing and can be used as a tool in epidemiological studies.

Whole-Genome Analysis of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Sequence Type 398 Strains Isolated From Patients With Bacteremia in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 221 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S220-S228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbin Chen ◽  
Yuyao Yin ◽  
Xiaohua Li ◽  
Shuguang Li ◽  
Hua Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Whole Genome Analysis ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Type V ◽  
Mrsa St398

Abstract Sequence type (ST) 398 is the most prevalent clone of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). To evaluate the molecular characteristics and phylogeny of Chinese ST398 isolates, 4 MRSA ST398 strains and 4 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) ST398 strains were collected from patients with bacteremia at 6 teaching hospitals in China between 1999 and 2016. Moreover, 689 ST398 genome sequences were downloaded from the GenBank database for comparison. The 4 MRSA ST398 strains were resistant to β-lactam antibiotics, and 2 strains were also resistant to erythromycin. Among the 4 MSSA ST398 strains, 2 strains displayed multidrug resistance (MDR) and were resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and gentamicin. The accessory genome of MSSA ST398 was more diverse than that of MRSA ST398. All 4 MRSA ST398 strains carried type V staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec elements; however, MSSA ST398 carried more resistance genes than MRSA ST398. These 4 MRSA ST398 strains carried hemolysin, along with virulence genes associated with immune invasion and protease. Phylogenic analysis showed that the 4 MRSA ST398 strains clustered in 1 clade. The global ST398 phylogeny showed that ST398 was divided into an animal clade and a human clade, and the ST398 strains of this study clustered in the human clade. A small number of human strains were also present in the animal clade and vice versa, suggesting transmission of ST398 between animals and humans. In conclusion, livestock-associated MRSA ST398 has caused severe infections in Chinese hospitals, and it should therefore be paid more attention to and monitored.

scholarly journals Prevalence of fosfomycin resistance and gene mutations in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chien Lee ◽  
Pao-Yu Chen ◽  
Jann-Tay Wang ◽  
Shan-Chwen Chang
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Staphylococcal Protein A ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Fosfomycin Resistance

Abstract Background: Fosfomycin exhibits excellent in vitro activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Increasing fosfomycin resistance among clinical MRSA isolates was reported previously, but little is known about the genetic mechanisms of fosfomycin resistance.Methods: All MRSA isolates, collected in 2002 and 2012 by the Taiwan Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (TSAR) program, were used in this study. Susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents, including fosfomycin, was determined by broth microdilution. Genetic determinants of fosfomycin resistance, including fosB carriage and murA, glpT and uhpT mutations, were investigated using PCR and sequencing of amplicons. Staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing was also performed to determine the genetic relatedness of MRSA isolates.Results: A total of 969 MRSA strains, 495 in the year 2002 and 474 in the year 2012, were analyzed. The overall in vitro susceptibility was 8.2% to erythromycin, 18.0% to clindamycin, 29.0% to tetracycline, 44.6% to ciprofloxacin, 57.5% to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 86.9% to rifampicin, 92.9% to fosfomycin and 100% to linezolid and vancomycin. A significant increase in the fosfomycin resistance rate was observed from 3.4% in 2002 to 11.0% in 2012. Of 68 fosfomycin-resistant MRSA isolates, 12 harbored the fosB gene, and expression of murA, uhpT, and glpT mutations was noted in 11, 59, and 66 isolates, respectively. Combination of mutations of uhpT and glpT genes (58 isolates) was the most prevalent resistant mechanism. The vast majority of the fosfomycin-resistant MRSA isolates belonged to spa type t002.Conclusions: An increased fosfomycin resistance rate of MRSA isolates was observed in our present study, mostly due to mutations in the glpT and uhpT genes. Clonal spread probably contributed to the increased fosfomycin resistance.

scholarly journals Characterisation of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus causing skin and soft tissue infections in a children's hospital in Shanghai, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Wang ◽  
Yanyun Shen ◽  
Weichun Huang ◽  
Yun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Staphylococcal Protein A ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Common Sequence

Abstract Community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen responsible for skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of community-acquired S. aureus isolates recovered from paediatric patients with SSTIs in Shanghai, China. Between January 2015 and January 2018, 91 community-acquired S. aureus isolates were characterised by antibiotic susceptibility, multilocus sequence typing (ST), staphylococcal protein A gene (spa) type and virulence genes. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains were also characterised by staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type. Forty-one (45.1%) S. aureus isolates were MRSA. ST59 (33.0%, 30/91) was the most common sequence type, and t437 (18.7%, 17/91) was the most common spa type. SCCmec IV and V accounted for 61.0% and 34.1% of all MRSA isolates, respectively. Each isolate carried at least six virulence genes. The positive rates of Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes among all S. aureus, MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates were 30.8% (28/91), 39.0% (16/41) and 24% (12/50), respectively. The prevalence of community-associated MRSA was surprisingly high among children with community-acquired SSTIs in Shanghai. ST59-t437 was the most prevalent community-acquired S. aureus clone causing SSTIs.

scholarly journals Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Purulent Subcutaneous Lesions of Farm Rabbits

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Silva ◽  
Telma de Sousa ◽  
Paula Gómez ◽  
Carolina Sabença ◽  
Madalena Vieira-Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are one of the main pathogens associated with purulent infections. MRSA clonal complex 97 (CC97) has been identified in a wide diversity of livestock animals. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance profiles of MRSA strains isolated from purulent lesions of food-producing rabbits. Samples from purulent lesions of 66 rabbits were collected in a slaughterhouse in Portugal. Samples were seeded onto ORSAB plates with 2 mg/L of oxacillin for MRSA isolation. Susceptibility to antibiotics was tested by the disk diffusion method against 14 antimicrobial agents. The presence of resistance genes, virulence factors and the immune evasion cluster (IEC) system was studied by polymerase chain reaction. All isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), agr and spa typing. From the 66 samples analyzed, 16 (24.2%) MRSA were detected. All strains were classified as multidrug-resistant as they were resistant to at least three classes of antibiotics. All isolates showed resistance to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. Seven isolates were resistant to gentamicin and harbored the aac(6′)-Ie-aph (2″)-Ia gene. Resistance to tetracycline was detected in 10 isolates harboring the tet(K) gene. The IEC genes were detected in three isolates. MRSA strains belonged to CC97, CC1, CC5, CC15 or CC22. The isolates were assigned to six different spa types. In this study we found a moderate prevalence of multidrug-resistant MRSA strains in food-producing rabbits. This may represent concern for food safety and public health, since cross-contamination may occur, leading to the spread of MRSA and, eventually, the possibility of ingestion of contaminated meat.

Detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying the mecC gene in human samples in Slovenia

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 1105-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. DERMOTA ◽  
I. ZDOVC ◽  
I. STRUMBELJ ◽  
I. GRMEK-KOSNIK ◽  
H. RIBIC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Northeastern Region ◽  
Human Samples ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Mrsa Strains

SUMMARYFollowing the recognition of a mecC MRSA isolate from a patient hospitalized in the northeastern region of Slovenia, a national collection of 395 community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) isolates from 2006 to 2013 was screened. An additional six mecC MRSA strains were found and characterized as spa types t843, t9397 and t10009, and multilocus sequence type ST130. The low oxacillin minimum inhibitory concentrations and absence of the mecA gene make recognition of these MRSA strains problematical for diagnostic laboratories. In such strains the presence of mecC should be determined.

scholarly journals Infections Caused By Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus European Clone (ST80) In Slovenia Between 2006 And 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urška Dermota ◽  
Tomaž Jurca ◽  
Tatjana Harlander ◽  
Marta Košir ◽  
Urška Zajc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
National Level ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Exfoliative Toxin ◽  
Type D ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Genotypic Characteristics ◽  
Microbiological Procedures

Abstract Introduction According to the existing literature, a heterogeneous sequence type (ST) or clones of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) circulate in Europe. In Europe, the European clone that belongs to sequence type ST80 is predominant. Methods The aim of the study was to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics and epidemiological data of CA-MRSA ST80 and its occurrence in Slovenia. We retrospectively analyzed those CA-MRSA isolates that were isolated during microbiological procedures in microbiological laboratories between 2006 and 2013. Only CA-MRSA isolates from the national collection of CA-MRSA strains that belonged to ST80 (European clone) were analyzed. We determined the Pantone-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), mec A genes, exfoliative toxin genes and type of staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We determined also spa type and sequence type. Results ST80 was confirmed in only 2 (0.5%) out of 385 CA-MRSA isolates, collected in a national collection of CAMRSA. Both isolates were positive for the PVL genes, mec A gene, exfoliative toxin type D gene and SCCmec IV. One CA-MRSA isolate was confirmed in a wound swab taken from a 47-year-old male, and the second was isolated from blood cultures of a 69-year-old female. No epidemiological connections between them were found. Conclusions In Slovenia CA-MRSA infections caused by ST80 are rare. In the future, it is necessary that a surveillance study of CA-MRSA at the national level continues and CA-MRSA be considered as a public health threat.

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