scholarly journals Population Structure Analysis of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates from Brazil Reveals Predominance of Clonal Complexes 1, 15, and 79

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 2545-2547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique Camargo ◽  
Monique Ribeiro Tiba ◽  
Marta Regina Saes ◽  
Francielli Mahnic de Vasconcellos ◽  
Luis Fernando dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Population Structure Analysis

ABSTRACTThe population structure of 71 carbapenem-resistantAcinetobacter baumanniiclinical isolates from several hospitals in Brazil was investigated by ApaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis,blaOXA-51-like subtyping, and multilocus sequence typing (Institute Pasteur scheme). In addition to the predominance of strains carryingblaOXA-23, we detected the presence ofblaOXA-72andblaOXA-231. We observed a predominance of clonal complex 1 (CC1), CC15, and CC79 and representative strains of the worldwide-disseminated international clone I.

scholarly journals Coagulase gene variants associated with distinct populations of Staphylococcus aureus

2003 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. CARTER ◽  
K. BEGBIE ◽  
F. M. THOMSON-CARTER
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Clonal Distribution

An identifying characteristic of Staphylococcus aureus is the production of staphylocoagulase (coagulase). The aim of this study was to determine the clonal distribution of coagulase gene (coa) variants within populations of S. aureus defined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and protein A variation. The N-terminal region of the coa gene from 43 methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and 252 methicillin-resistant (MRSA) S. aureus human isolates and 9 animal S. aureus isolates was amplified and digested with HinfI. Twelve types were identified amongst the MSSA isolates and the majority (93%) of MRSA isolates were assigned to 5 of the 12 types. MLST and PFGE analysis identified epidemic populations of MRSA and each epidemic population was characterized by a different coagulase type. Nine of the 12 MLST-defined clonal complex ancestral genotypes recently described each carried a different coagulase type suggesting that coagulase evolution and the evolution of the clonal complexes are intimately related.

scholarly journals Novel Aminoglycoside Resistance Transposons and Transposon-Derived Circular Forms Detected in Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1801-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil Karah ◽  
Chinmay Kumar Dwibedi ◽  
Karin Sjöström ◽  
Petra Edquist ◽  
Anders Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Aminoglycoside Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Acinetobacter baumanniihas emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen equipped with a growing number of antibiotic resistance genes. Our study investigated the molecular epidemiology and antibiotic resistance features of 28 consecutive carbapenem-resistant clinical isolates ofA. baumanniicollected throughout Sweden in 2012 and 2013. The isolates mainly belonged to clonal complexes (CCs) with an extensive international distribution, such as CC2 (n= 16) and CC25 (n= 7). Resistance to carbapenems was related toblaOXA-23(20 isolates),blaOXA-24/40-like(6 isolates),blaOXA-467(1 isolate), and ISAba1-blaOXA-69(1 isolate). Ceftazidime resistance was associated withblaPER-7in the CC25 isolates. Two classical point mutations were responsible for resistance to quinolones in all the isolates. Isolates with high levels of resistance to aminoglycosides carried the 16S rRNA methylasearmAgene. The isolates also carried a variety of genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Several novel structures involved in aminoglycoside resistance were identified, including Tn6279, ΔTn6279, Ab-ST3-aadB, and different assemblies of Tn6020and TnaphA6. Importantly, a number of circular forms related to the IS26or ISAba125composite transposons were detected. The frequent occurrence of these circular forms in the populations of several isolates indicates a potential role of these circular forms in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes.

scholarly journals In VitroBactericidal Activity of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Alone and in Combination with Colistin against Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 6903-6906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Nepka ◽  
Efstathia Perivolioti ◽  
Eleni Kraniotaki ◽  
Lida Politi ◽  
Athanasios Tsakris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Effective Therapy ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

ABSTRACTTrimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole alone and combined with colistin was testedin vitroagainst six carbapenem-resistantAcinetobacter baumannii(CRAB) clinical strains. After 24 h, at achievable serum concentrations, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole effectively killed all strains, while colistin killed only one strain. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus colistin rapidly killed all strains after 6 h and for up to 24 h. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, one of the few remaining antimicrobials that still has a degree of activity, particularly combined with colistin, might represent an effective therapy for severe CRAB infections.

Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: Concomitant Contamination of Air and Environmental Surfaces

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 777-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Shimose ◽  
Eriko Masuda ◽  
Maroun Sfeir ◽  
Ana Berbel Caban ◽  
Maria X. Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Prospective Surveillance ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Environmental Surfaces ◽  
Environmental Surface

OBJECTIVETo concomitantly determine the differential degrees of air and environmental contamination by Acinetobacter baumannii based on anatomic source of colonization and type of ICU layout (single-occupancy vs open layout).DESIGNLongitudinal prospective surveillance study of air and environmental surfaces in patient rooms.SETTINGA 1,500-bed public teaching hospital in Miami, Florida.PATIENTSConsecutive A. baumannii–colonized patients admitted to our ICUs between October 2013 and February 2014.METHODSAir and environmental surfaces of the rooms of A. baumannii–colonized patients were sampled daily for up to 10 days. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to type and match the matching air, environmental, and clinical A. baumannii isolates.RESULTSA total of 25 A. baumannii–colonized patients were identified during the study period; 17 were colonized in the respiratory tract and 8 were colonized in the rectum. In rooms with rectally colonized patients, 38.3% of air samples were positive for A. baumannii; in rooms of patients with respiratory colonization, 13.1% of air samples were positive (P=.0001). In rooms with rectally colonized patients, 15.5% of environmental samples were positive for A. baumannii; in rooms of patients with respiratory colonization, 9.5% of environmental samples were positive (P=.02). The rates of air contamination in the open-layout and single-occupancy ICUs were 17.9% and 21.8%, respectively (P=.5). Environmental surfaces were positive in 9.5% of instances in open-layout ICUs versus 13.4% in single-occupancy ICUs (P=.09).CONCLUSIONSAir and environmental surface contaminations were significantly greater among rectally colonized patients; however, ICU layout did not influence the rate of contamination.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:777–781

scholarly journals Emergence of OXA-48-Type Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in German Hospitals

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 2125-2128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Pfeifer ◽  
Kathrin Schlatterer ◽  
Elisabeth Engelmann ◽  
Reinhold A. Schiller ◽  
Hans Reiner Frangenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Mutant Form ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Point Mutant ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Conjugative Plasmids ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

ABSTRACTNine carbapenem-resistantEnterobacteriaceaeisolates collected from eight patients in five German hospitals were investigated. Six isolates produced the OXA-48 carbapenemase, and three isolates produced OXA-162, which is a point mutant form of OXA-48. Both carbapenemase genes were located on IncL/M-type conjugative plasmids. Insertion sequence IS1999(truncated or not by IS1R) was located upstream of theblaOXA-48andblaOXA-162genes in all of the isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing indicated the clonal transmission of an OXA-48-producingKlebsiella pneumoniaestrain in two hospitals.

scholarly journals Detection of Carbapenemase Genes in Aquatic Environments in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 4380-4383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Felipe Machado de Araujo ◽  
Dalton Marcondes Silva ◽  
Marcos Tavares Carneiro ◽  
Sthefanie Ribeiro ◽  
Marcela Fontana-Maurell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pulsed Field

ABSTRACTThis study reveals the presence of different carbapenemase genes (blaKPC,blaNDM,blaGES, andblaOXA48-likegenes) detected directly from water samples and clonal dispersion (by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE] and multilocus sequence typing [MLST]) of KPC-2-producingEnterobacteriaceaein two important urban aquatic matrixes from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, highlighting the role of aquatic environments as gene pools and the possibility of community spreading.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification-Based Methodology To Detect Carbapenemase Carriage in Acinetobacter Clinical Isolates

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 7538-7540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Vergara ◽  
Yuliya Zboromyrska ◽  
Noraida Mosqueda ◽  
María Isabel Morosini ◽  
Sergio García-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification ◽  
System A ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hydrolyzing Enzymes

ABSTRACTCarbapenem-resistantAcinetobacter baumanniiis a major source of nosocomial infections worldwide and is mainly associated with the acquisition of OXA-type carbapenemases and, to a lesser extent, metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). In this study, 82 nonepidemiologically relatedAcinetobacterstrains carrying different types of OXA or MBL enzymes were tested using the Eazyplex system, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based method to rapidly detect carbapenemase carriage. The presence/absence of carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzymes was correctly determined for all isolates in <30 min.

scholarly journals Types and Prevalence of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii Complex in Northern Taiwan

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Shyang Hsieh ◽  
Nai-Yu Wang ◽  
Jou-An Feng ◽  
Li-Chuan Weng ◽  
Hsueh-Hsia Wu
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii Complex ◽  
High Level ◽  
Northern Taiwan

ABSTRACTThe frequency of the carbapenem-resistantAcinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii(CRACB) complex increases annually in our hospitals. However, the types and prevalence of carbapenemases among isolates still remain unclear. In this study, we identified and collected 672 carbapenem-resistant isolates from a medical center in Northern Taiwan between April and December of 2010. There were 577 genospecies 2 (Acinetobacter baumannii), 79 genospecies 13TU, and 16 genospecies 3 isolates. The isolates had an acquiredblaOXA-24-like gene, which was confirmed by sequencing for the encoded OXA-72 carbapenemase, and were often associated with high-level carbapenem resistance. These CRACB complex isolates remained susceptible to colistin (100%). The genotyping of isolates was conducted using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with ApaI digestion. In most clonally related groups, patients were from both branch hospitals. The results indicate that interhospital dissemination of clones occurred. This study provides updated data on the types and prevalence of the CRACB complex. In addition, it presents a warning on the emergence and spread of CRACB complex harboringblaOXA-24-like genes in northern Taiwan.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Ewes' Milk, Sheep Farm Environments, and Humans by Multilocus Sequence Typing and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (19) ◽  
pp. 5864-5869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Otero ◽  
José-María Rodríguez-Calleja ◽  
Andrés Otero ◽  
María-Luisa García-López ◽  
Jesús A. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Atypical Epec ◽  
Sheep Farm ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Human Stool

ABSTRACTA collection of 81 isolates of enteropathogenicEscherichia coli(EPEC) was obtained from samples of bulk tank sheep milk (62 isolates), ovine feces (4 isolates), sheep farm environment (water, 4 isolates; air, 1 isolate), and human stool samples (9 isolates). The strains were considered atypical EPEC organisms, carrying theeaegene without harboring the pEAF plasmid. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was carried out with seven housekeeping genes and 19 sequence types (ST) were detected, with none of them having been previously reported for atypical EPEC. The most frequent ST included 41 strains isolated from milk and human stool samples. Genetic typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) resulted in 57 patterns which grouped in 24 clusters. Comparison of strains isolated from the different samples showed phylogenetic relationships between milk and human isolates and also between milk and water isolates. The results obtained show a possible risk for humans due to the presence of atypical EPEC in ewes' milk and suggest a transmission route for this emerging pathogen through contaminated water.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document