ABSTRACTOnychomycosis is a common fungal nail infection in adults that is difficult to treat. Thein vitroantifungal activity of efinaconazole, a novel triazole antifungal, was evaluated in recent clinical isolates ofTrichophyton rubrum,Trichophyton mentagrophytes, andCandida albicans, common causative onychomycosis pathogens. In a comprehensive survey of 1,493 isolates, efinaconazole MICs againstT. rubrumandT. mentagrophytesranged from ≤0.002 to 0.06 μg/ml, with 90% of isolates inhibited (MIC90) at 0.008 and 0.015 μg/ml, respectively. Efinaconazole MICs against 105C. albicansisolates ranged from ≤0.0005 to >0.25 μg/ml, with 50% of isolates inhibited (MIC50) by 0.001 and 0.004 μg/ml at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Efinaconazole potency against these organisms was similar to or greater than those of antifungal drugs currently used in onychomycosis, including amorolfine, ciclopirox, itraconazole, and terbinafine. In 13T. rubrumtoenail isolates from onychomycosis patients who were treated daily with topical efinaconazole for 48 weeks, there were no apparent increases in susceptibility, suggesting low potential for dermatophytes to develop resistance to efinaconazole. The activity of efinaconazole was further evaluated in another 8 dermatophyte, 15 nondermatophyte, and 10 yeast species (a total of 109 isolates from research repositories). Efinaconazole was active againstTrichophyton,Microsporum,Epidermophyton,Acremonium,Fusarium,Paecilomyces,Pseudallescheria,Scopulariopsis,Aspergillus,Cryptococcus,Trichosporon, andCandidaand compared favorably to other antifungal drugs. In conclusion, efinaconazole is a potent antifungal with a broad spectrum of activity that may have clinical applications in onychomycosis and other mycoses.