scholarly journals Isolation of Candida species on media with and without added fluconazole reveals high variability in relative growth susceptibility phenotypes.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1625-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Schoofs ◽  
F C Odds ◽  
R Colebunders ◽  
M Ieven ◽  
L Wouters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Growth Variability ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Scatter Plots ◽  
Intercolony Variation ◽  
Selection Of

Mouthwashes from human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals were sampled for yeasts by direct plating on a differential agar medium with and without added fluconazole and via enrichment broths with and without added fluconazole. The colonies of the yeasts isolated were tested for relative growth in the presence of single concentrations of itraconazole and fluconazole. Among 258 culture plates containing yeasts obtained via different isolation routes from 86 yeast-positive samples, 33 (12.7%) of the plates showed unexpectedly high colony-to-colony variation in relative growth. Intercolony variation was seen in 41 (47.7%) of the 86 isolates when relative growth data were analyzed for all colonies of an isolate tested, regardless of the medium used for isolation. The prevalence of relative growth variability with the azoles was highest for Candida glabrata (100% of 13 isolates), followed by Candida krusei (60% of 5 isolates) and Candida albicans (40% of 53 isolates), and the visual patterns of variability seen in scatter plots of the data showed species specificity. Relative growth phenotypes generally tended to be stable for each yeast colony in subcultures, whether or not the medium used for subculture contained antifungal agents. DNA fingerprinting of stable and variable C. albicans isolates showed changes in band patterns detected with the probe Ca3, suggesting that the variability may have resulted from selection of different subtypes of the yeasts during the isolation procedure. These findings suggest that the yeasts isolated from single clinical samples were often not clonal in nature. The relative growth test revealed colony variability more readily than conventional susceptibility testing.

Susceptibilities of Candida spp. to antifungal agents visualized by two-dimensional scatterplots of relative growth.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 588-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
F C Odds ◽  
G Dams ◽  
G Just ◽  
P Lewi
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

The growth of 811 clinical yeast isolates in the presence of single concentrations of antifungal agents was measured spectrophotometrically and expressed as a percentage of growth in inhibitor-free control cultures. Two-dimensional scatterplots of the relative growth data allowed for the simple visual determination of some susceptibility trends, including correlations in relative growth between different agents and in relative susceptibilities between different yeast species. A positive susceptibility correlation was found for relative growth results with the azole antifungal agents fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole for 504 Candida albicans isolates. The relative growth scatterplots for fluconazole versus itraconazole showed that 50 (9.9%) of 504 C. albicans isolates were outliers with respect to the 95% confidence limits for a line of correlated relative growth established with an initial test panel of 59 isolates of this species. The outlying isolates were relatively less susceptible to fluconazole than to itraconazole under the conditions of the test. Most of the outliers were received in 1993 and 1994; only 3.9% of the isolates received in 1991 and 1992 and 1.7% of the isolates received before 1991 showed this differential susceptibility. In addition, most of the outliers came from patients with human immunodeficiency virus infections. The relative growth scatterplots confirmed the known high susceptibility of most Candida parapsilosis isolates to both fluconazole and itraconazole and the specifically low susceptibility of Candida krusei isolates to fluconazole. The scatterplots also illustrated a tendency towards lower (and correlative) relative growth among oral isolates obtained from AIDS patients who responded to azole antifungal treatment than among isolates from clinical nonresponders.

PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF CLINICAL ISOLATES OF CANDIDA SPECIES AND ITS SUSCEPTIBILITY TO VARIOUS ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS: A STUDY FROM A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN WESTERN UTTAR PRADESH

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-59
Author(s):  
Navdeep Gambhir ◽  
Abhigyan Goel ◽  
Anita Pandey ◽  
Arjun Singh Bisht ◽  
Sadab Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital

Background: Indiscriminate use of antifungal agents has led to rise in infections caused by Candida species in recent years. Studies on characterization of Candida species followed by antifungal susceptibility testing can be benecial in managing this problem. Objectives: To phenotypically characterize Candida species isolated from various clinical samples and to determine its susceptibility to various antifungal agents. Methods: A total of 119 Candida spp. isolated from various clinical samples were subjected for species identication and antifungal susceptibility testing using an automated Vitek-2 compact system. Results: There was predominance of Non albicans (NAC) species (82.35%) isolated from our Hospital. Candida species were isolated predominantly from blood (68.06%) sample followed by urine (26.05%). C. tropicalis was the predominant NAC species isolated (27.73%) followed by C.krusei, C.guilliermondii (12.61% each), C.parapsilosis (10.08%) and C. glabrata (7.56%). Overall the NAC isolates were resistant to uconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin, micafungin, amphotericin-B, and ucytosine as compared to C. albicans. Conclusion: Predominance of NAC species and emergence of antifungal drug resistance among NAC species is a matter of concern. Thus highlighting that susceptibility should be performed in all cases to achieve good therapeutic results. Strict infection control strategies and a restrictive antifungal policy should be implemented for better clinical outcome.

Screening of potential donors for immunoglobulins M and G to new coronavirus infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Yuliia E. Romashova ◽  
Vladimir N. Vilyaninov ◽  
Nikolay V. Belgesov ◽  
Sergey P. Kaleko
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 ◽  
Epidemiological Situation ◽  
Selection Of

This study presents the results of the examination of potential donors of blood and its components for immunoglobulins M and G to patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) living in St. Petersburg. A total of 6782 people aged 1824 years were evaluated, which accounted for 2.07% of the regions population (326 760 people) of this age group. The study was carried out in the spring and autumn of 2020. A negative result (absence of antibodies) was obtained in 93.5% of the participants. The rates of immunoglobulins M and M + G were 0.58% and 4.18%, respectively, in the spring and autumn. Moreover, the number of participants who had immunoglobulins M and G + M in the autumn period was four times higher than the indicators of the spring period, which indicated greater infection activities in the population during this period. This is most likely due to the active movement of the population in the summer. When comparing the rates of COVID-19 infection and the frequency of occurrence in donors of the same age, markers of human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2 and hepatitis B and C in 2020 (0.024, 0.012 and 0.13%, respectively) indicate the urgency of the problem of donor selection during blood services, especially during a difficult epidemiological situation because of COVID-19. Along with organizational measures for the selection of donors (e.g., attracting individuals from organized groups in which there are no signs of an unfavorable epidemiological situation to donation), mandatory testing of potential donors for immunoglobulins M and G should be considered.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Modified EUCAST Fragmented-Mycelium Inoculum Method forIn VitroSusceptibility Testing of Dermatophytes and the Activity of Novel Antifungal Agents

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 3675-3682 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Risslegger ◽  
C. Lass-Flörl ◽  
G. Blum ◽  
M. Lackner
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Inoculum Preparation ◽  
Minimal Effective Concentration

ABSTRACTFor antifungal susceptibility testing of nonsporulating or poorly sporulating dermatophytes, a fragmented-mycelium inoculum preparation method was established and compared to broth microdilution testing according to CLSI and EUCAST guidelines. Moreover, thein vitroactivity of new antifungal agents against dermatophytes was evaluated. Agreement between the mycelial inoculum method and the CLSI broth microdilution method was high (93% to 100%). Echinocandins (minimal effective concentration [MEC], ≤0.5 mg/liter) and posaconazole (MIC, ≤3.00 mg/liter) showed good activity against all tested dermatophytes.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharat S. Parekh ◽  
Chin-Yih Ou ◽  
Peter N. Fonjungo ◽  
Mireille B. Kalou ◽  
Erin Rottinghaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Epidemic Control ◽  
Quality Management Systems ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Periodic Monitoring ◽  
Hiv Diagnostics ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYHIV diagnostics have played a central role in the remarkable progress in identifying, staging, initiating, and monitoring infected individuals on life-saving antiretroviral therapy. They are also useful in surveillance and outbreak responses, allowing for assessment of disease burden and identification of vulnerable populations and transmission “hot spots,” thus enabling planning, appropriate interventions, and allocation of appropriate funding. HIV diagnostics are critical in achieving epidemic control and require a hybrid of conventional laboratory-based diagnostic tests and new technologies, including point-of-care (POC) testing, to expand coverage, increase access, and positively impact patient management. In this review, we provide (i) a historical perspective on the evolution of HIV diagnostics (serologic and molecular) and their interplay with WHO normative guidelines, (ii) a description of the role of conventional and POC testing within the tiered laboratory diagnostic network, (iii) information on the evaluations and selection of appropriate diagnostics, (iv) a description of the quality management systems needed to ensure reliability of testing, and (v) strategies to increase access while reducing the time to return results to patients. Maintaining the central role of HIV diagnostics in programs requires periodic monitoring and optimization with quality assurance in order to inform adjustments or alignment to achieve epidemic control.

scholarly journals Phenotypic detection of Carbapenamase among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples using modified Hodged test

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
HauwaYakubu ◽  
Mahmud Yerima Iliyasu ◽  
Asma’u Salisu ◽  
Abdulmumin Ibrahim Sulaiman ◽  
Fatima Tahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Tract Infections

Carbapenemases are microbial enzymes that confer resistance to virtually all available beta-lactam antibiotics and the most frequent carbapenemases are the Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenamase (KPC). Detection of carbapenemases is a significant infection control strategy as the enzymes are often associated with extensive antimicrobial resistance, therapeutic failures and mortality associated with infectious diseases. A total of 400 clinical samples were collected from different groups of patients in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi, Nigeria and 118 K. pneumoniae were isolated using standard microbiological techniques. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, then screened for Carbapenamase production using modified Hodge test. The results indicated that the isolates were resistant to Ampicillin (61.9%), Ceftriaxone (50.8%) and Ceftazidime (50.8%), then Ciprofloxacin (54.2%), but predominantly sensitive to Imipenem (66.9%), Eterpenem (60.2%) and Meropenem (65.3%). It was found that 38 (32.2%) of the isolates phenotypically shows the presence of Carbapenamase, with highest frequency of (40.7%) among patients, mainly adult females with cases of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) and the least from wound (11.8%).This study revealed that the isolates produced other beta-lactamases than KPC or variants of Carbapenamase that cannot be detected by modified Hodge test, thus shows low resistance to carbapenems. Therefore further studies is needed to genotypically confirm the presence of KPC in these isolates.

scholarly journals Selection of filamentous fungi that are resistant to the herbicides atrazine, glyphosate and pendimethalin

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e51656
Author(s):  
Nara Priscila Barbosa Bravim ◽  
Anatércia Ferreira Alves ◽  
José Fábio França Orlanda ◽  
Patricia Barbosa Rodrigues Silva
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of the present study was to isolate fungi from agricultural soils and evaluate fungal growth in culture medium contaminated with atrazine, glyphosate and pendimethalin. Filamentous fungi were isolated from agricultural soils and cultured in a modified culture medium containing 0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μg mL-1 atrazine, glyphosate and pendimethalin for 14 days at 28°C. The fungi that presented optimal and satisfactory growth were plated in Sabouraud culture medium with 4% dextrose and containing the herbicides at concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μg mL-1 for seven days at 28°C. The mean mycelial growth values were submitted to analysis of variance and the Tukey test (p < 0.05%) for comparison and relative growth determination, and maximum inhibition rates were calculated. The isolated fungi Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium verticillioides and Penicillium citrinum were shown to be resistant to atrazine, glyphosate and pendimethalin. F. verticillioides showed higher mean mycelial growth in the culture media contaminated with atrazine and glyphosate than the other two fungi. In the culture medium contaminated with pendimethalin, F. verticillioides, and A. fumigatus presented the highest mean mycelial growth values.

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