scholarly journals Bactericidal Activities of Methoxyfluoroquinolones Gatifloxacin and Moxifloxacin against Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiratory Pathogens in Serum

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1308-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary E. Stein ◽  
Sharon Schooley ◽  
Kerin L. Tyrrell ◽  
Diane M. Citron ◽  
Ellie J. C. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Prevotella Melaninogenica ◽  
Peptostreptococcus Magnus ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

ABSTRACT Gatifloxacin (Bristol-Myers Squibb) and moxifloxacin (Bayer) are new methoxyfluoroquinolones with broad-spectrum activity against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens of the respiratory tract. In this investigation, we analyzed the bactericidal activity in serum over time of these antimicrobials against three aerobic (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus) and four anaerobic (Peptostreptococcus micros, Peptostreptococcus magnus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella melaninogenica) bacteria associated with respiratory tract infections. Serum samples were obtained from 11 healthy male subjects following a single 400-mg oral dose of gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin. These samples were collected prior to and at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h after the dose of each drug. Gatifloxacin exhibited bactericidal activity for a median of 12 h against Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC = 0.5 μg/ml), Peptostreptococcus micros (MIC = 0.25 μg/ml), and F. nucleatum (MIC = 0.5 μg/ml) and 24 h against H. influenzae (MIC = 0.03 μg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.125 μg/ml), Peptostreptococcus magnus (MIC = 0.125 μg/ml), and Prevotella melaninogenica (MIC = 0.5 μg/ml). Moxifloxacin exhibited bactericidal activity for a median of 24 h against Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC = 0.125 μg/ml), H. influenzae (MIC = 0.015 μg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.06 μg/ml), F. nucleatum (MIC = 0.5 μg/ml), Prevotella melaninogenica (MIC =0.5 μg/ml), Peptostreptococcus magnus (MIC = 0.125 μg/ml), and Peptostreptococcus micros (MIC = 0.25 μg/ml). The results from this pharmacodynamic study suggest that these fluoroquinolones would have prolonged killing activity against these organisms in vivo and may have clinical utility in the treatment of mixed aerobic-anaerobic respiratory tract infections.

scholarly journals Trend in Antibiotic Resistance of Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Haemophilus Influenzae Strains Isolated from Community Acquired Respiratory Tract Infections in Dakar, Senegal between 2005 and 2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. MBI.S3819
Author(s):  
A. Guèye Ndiaye ◽  
Hounkponou Edwige ◽  
Fatou Bintou Guèye ◽  
Cheikh Saad Bouh Boye
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Tract Infections

Development of antibiotic resistance among common respiratory pathogens is a major cause of concern worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are among the most common respiratory pathogens. In this study, representative samples obtained from 3 different medical centers in Dakar, Senegal were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. The samples were collected from 2005 to 2008 and the data obtained was compared to establish resistance patterns between the two years (i.e. 2005–2006 to 2007–2008). S. pneumoniae exhibited a significant increase in the resistance to azithromycin and the intermediate susceptibility to penicillin G and cotrimoxazole. H. influenzae also exhibited a significant increase in resistance to azithromycin and intermediate susceptibility to chloramphenicol. None of H. influenzae samples were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalosporin and fluroquinolones and most of the S. pneumoniae isolates demonstrated high susceptibility to the antibiotics tested. Results from this study will provide greater insights to antibiotic therapy during respiratory tract infections in Dakar, Senegal. This study also establishes the importance of continuous monitoring of antibiotic susceptibility patterns that are often region-specific.

scholarly journals In Vivo Activity of HSR-903, a New Fluoroquinolone, against Respiratory Pathogens

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Yoshizumi ◽  
Haruki Domon ◽  
Shuichi Miyazaki ◽  
Keizo Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Study ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Pulmonary Clearance ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT The in vivo activity of HSR-903, a new fluoroquinolone, against major bacteria which cause respiratory tract infections was evaluated. HSR-903 was active against experimental respiratory tract infections in mice challenged with penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistantStreptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae strains. Treatment with HSR-903 reduced the bacterial numbers in infected murine lungs. In accord with the pulmonary clearance results, the rates of survival for mice treated with HSR-903, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and benzylpenicillin were 50, 30, 10, 0, and 0%, respectively, 14 days after being infected with penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae. A pharmacokinetic study with pneumonic mice showed that the levels of HSR-903 in the lungs were seven to eight times higher than those in the plasma. These results indicate that clinical studies of HSR-903 against respiratory tract infections may be warranted.

Frequent respiratory pathogens of respiratory tract infections in children attending daycare centers

2011 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline M. Bonfim ◽  
Maurício L. Nogueira ◽  
Paulo Vítor M. Simas ◽  
Luis Gustavo A. Gardinassi ◽  
Edison L. Durigon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Daycare Centers ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance of 1,113Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections in Spain: Results of a 1-Year (1996–1997) Multicenter Surveillance Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Baquero ◽  
José Angel García-Rodríguez ◽  
Juan García de Lomas ◽  
Lorenzo Aguilar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Tract Infections

A nationwide susceptibility surveillance of 1,113Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates was carried out and found the following percentages of resistance: cefuroxime, 46%; penicillin, 37%; macrolides, 33%; aminopenicillins, 24%; cefotaxime, 13%; and ceftriaxone, 8%. A significant (P < 0.05) seasonality pattern for β-lactam antibiotics was observed. Resistance to macrolides was higher (P < 0.05) in middle-ear samples. Higher percentages of resistance to cefuroxime and macrolides were observed among penicillin-intermediate and -resistant strains, whereas high frequencies of resistance to aminopenicillins and expanded-spectrum cephalosporins were observed only among penicillin-resistant strains.

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