scholarly journals Phylogenetic Position and Peculiar Genetic Traits of a Midgut Bacterial Symbiont of the Stinkbug Parastrachia japonensis

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (13) ◽  
pp. 4130-4135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Hosokawa ◽  
Yoshitomo Kikuchi ◽  
Naruo Nikoh ◽  
Xian-Ying Meng ◽  
Mantaro Hironaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Nucleotide Composition ◽  
Bacterial Symbiont ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Close Relatives

ABSTRACT The stinkbug Parastrachia japonensis (Hemiptera: Parastrachiidae) is known for its prolonged prereproductive nonfeeding period, maternal care of eggs in an underground nest, and maternal collection and provisioning of food (fruits) for nymphs. A previous study suggested that a bacterial symbiont is involved in uric acid recycling in this insect during the nonfeeding period, but the identity of this symbiont has not been determined. Here we characterized a novel bacterial symbiont obtained from P. japonensis. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA, gyrB, and groEL gene sequences consistently indicated that this symbiont constituted a distinct lineage in the Gammaproteobacteria that has no close relatives but is allied with gut symbionts of acanthosomatid and plataspid stinkbugs, as well as with endocellular symbionts of sharpshooters, tsetse flies, and aphids. The symbiont genes had a remarkably AT-biased nucleotide composition and exhibited significantly accelerated molecular evolution. The symbiont genome was extremely reduced; its size was estimated to be 0.85 Mb. These results suggest that there has been an intimate host-symbiont association over evolutionary time. The symbiont was localized in swollen crypts in a posterior part of the midgut, which was a specialized symbiotic organ. The possibility that the symbiont is involved in uric acid recycling is discussed. The designation “Candidatus Benitsuchiphilus tojoi” is proposed for the symbiont.

scholarly journals Noteworthy record of the Ethiopian genet, Genetta abyssinica, (Carnivora, Viverridae) from Djibouti informs its phylogenetic position within Genetta

Mammalia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam W. Ferguson ◽  
Houssein R. Roble ◽  
Molly M. McDonough
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractThe molecular phylogeny of extant genets (Carnivora, Viverridae,Genetta) was generated using all species with the exception of the Ethiopian genetGenetta abyssinica. Herein, we provide the first molecular phylogenetic assessment ofG. abyssinicausing molecular sequence data from multiple mitochondrial genes generated from a recent record of this species from the Forêt du Day (the Day Forest) in Djibouti. This record represents the first verified museum specimen ofG. abyssinicacollected in over 60 years and the first specimen with a specific locality for the country of Djibouti. Multiple phylogenetic analyses revealed conflicting results as to the exact relationship ofG. abyssinicato otherGenettaspecies, providing statistical support for a sister relationship to all other extant genets for only a subset of mitochondrial analyses. Despite the inclusion of this species for the first time, phylogenetic relationships amongGenettaspecies remain unclear, with limited nodal support for many species. In addition to providing an alternative hypothesis of the phylogenetic relationships among extant genets, this recent record provides the first complete skeleton of this species to our knowledge and helps to shed light on the distribution and habitat use of this understudied African small carnivore.

The Phylogenetic Position of Crenea in the Lythraceae Based on Molecular Evidence, and the Transfer of Its Two Species to Ammannia

2021 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 325-339
Author(s):  
Shirley A. Graham ◽  
Peter W. Inglis ◽  
Taciana B. Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Character ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Monophyletic Lineage ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mangrove Vegetation ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Globally Distributed

Crenea Aubl. (Lythraceae) is a ditypic genus of subshrubs occurring in mangrove vegetation on the coasts of northern South America. Phylogenetic analyses based on morphology have offered unresolved and conflicting phylogenetic positions for the genus in the family. This study presents the first molecular sequences for Crenea, from nrITS, rbcL, trnL, trnL-F, and matK regions. Molecular phylogenetic analyses find full support for Crenea within Ammannia L., a relationship not previously recognized. Ammannia is a globally distributed genus of terrestrial to amphibious herbs mostly occurring in freshwater marshes and wetlands. It was recently reconfigured based on phylogenetic evidence to include the genera Nesaea Comm. ex Kunth and Hionanthera A. Fern. & Diniz. The transfer of Crenea to Ammannia further extends the morphological, ecological, and biogeographical diversity of Ammannia and provides the final evidence defining Ammannia as a monophyletic lineage of the Lythraceae. A revised circumscription of Ammannia s.l. adds several new morphological character states and the first species in the genus restricted to mangrove vegetation. Two changes in taxonomic status are made: Ammannia maritima (Aubl.) S. A. Graham, P. W. Inglis, & T. B. Cavalc., comb. nov., and Ammannia patentinervius (Koehne) S. A. Graham, P. W. Inglis, & T. B. Cavalc., comb. nov. The new combinations are described, a list of exsiccatae examined is provided, and the effects of the reconfiguration to the morphology and biogeography of the genus are detailed.

First pentasetacid mite from Australasian Araucariaceae: morphological description and molecular phylogenetic position of Pentasetacus novozelandicus n. sp. (Eriophyoidea, Pentasetacidae) and remarks on anal lobes in eriophyoid mites

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1284-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Chetverikov ◽  
C. CRAEMER C. CRAEMER ◽  
T. CVRKOVIĆ T. CVRKOVIĆ ◽  
P.G. EFIMOV P.G. EFIMOV ◽  
P.B. KLIMOV P.B. KLIMOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Eriophyoid Mites ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

A new vagrant eriophyoid mite species of the archaic genus Pentasetacus (Schliesske 1985), P. novozelandicus n. sp., is described with the aid of conventional microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was found on Araucaria heterophylla, which is an araucarian that is endemic to Norfolk Island and introduced to New Zealand. Partial sequences of mitochondrial barcode COI gene and D1–D2 domains of nuclear rDNA of two pentasetacid mites, P. araucariae (MK903025 and MK898944) and P. novozelandicus n. sp. (MK903024 and MK898943) are provided. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of full-length D1–D2 eriophyoid sequences, including GenBank sequences and newly generated sequences of pentasetacids, confirmed the monophyly of Pentasetacidae but failed to resolve the basal phylogeny of Eriophyoidea. This may be because the D1–D2 domains of 28S are hypervariable in Eriophyoidea. Moreover, in pentasetacids D1–D2 sequences are about 20% shorter than in other eriophyoids, and thus harder to align. Two types of anal lobes are described in Eriophyoidea: (1) Eriophyidae s.l. and Phytoptidae s.l. have bilaterally symmetric lobes; (2) pentasetacids have non-divided lobes. The presence of an anal secretory apparatus, comprising internal structures that have previously been described in Eriophyidae s.l. and Phytoptidae s.l., is confirmed in pentasetacid genera. The phylogeny of pentasetacids is also discussed in the context of the paleobiography of Araucariaceae.

scholarly journals Phylogeny and morphology of genus Nephrocytium (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta) from China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 319 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
XUDONG LIU ◽  
HUAN ZHU ◽  
BENWEN LIU ◽  
GUOXIANG LIU ◽  
ZHENGYU HU
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Close Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
The Family ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

The genus Nephrocytium Nägeli is a common member of phytoplankton communities that has a distinctive morphology. Its taxonomic position is traditionally considered to be within the family Oocystaceae (Trebouxiophyceae). However, research on its ultrastructure is rare, and the phylogenetic position has not yet been determined. In this study, two strains of Nephrocytium, N. agardhianum Nägeli and N. limneticum (G.M.Smith) G.M.Smith, were identified and successfully cultured in the laboratory. Morphological inspection by light and electron microscopy and molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed to explore the taxonomic position. Ultrastructure implied a likely irregular network of dense and fine ribs on the surface of the daughter cell wall that resembled that of the genus Chromochloris Kol & Chodat (Chromochloridaceae). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Nephrocytium formed an independent lineage in the order Sphaeropleales (Chlorophyceae) with high support values and a close phylogenetic relationship with Chromochloris. Based on combined morphological, ultrastructural and phylogenetic data, we propose a re-classification of Nephrocytium into Sphaeropleales, sharing a close relationship with Chromochloris.

Description of Tottonophyes enigmatica gen. nov., sp. nov. (Hydrozoa, Siphonophora, Calycophorae), with a reappraisal of the function and homology of nectophoral canals

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4415 (3) ◽  
pp. 452 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. PUGH ◽  
C.W. DUNN ◽  
S.H.D. HADDOCK
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
New Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Distinct Morphology ◽  
A New Species

A new species of calycophoran siphonophore, Tottonophyes enigmatica gen. nov, sp. nov., is described. It has a unique combination of traits, some shared with prayomorphs (including two rounded nectophores) and some with clausophyid diphyomorphs (the nectophores are dissimilar, with one slightly larger and slightly to the anterior of the other, and both possess a somatocyst). Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that the new species is the sister group to all other diphyomorphs. A new family, Tottonophyidae, is established for it. Its phylogenetic position and distinct morphology help clarify diphyomorph evolution. The function and homology of the nectophoral canals and somatocyst is also re-examined and further clarification is given to their nomenclature.

scholarly journals One less mystery in Coleoptera systematics: the position of Cydistinae (Elateriformia incertae sedis) resolved by multigene phylogenetic analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 187 (4) ◽  
pp. 1259-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Kundrata ◽  
Stephan M Blank ◽  
Alexander S Prosvirov ◽  
Eliska Sormova ◽  
Matthew L Gimmel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Targeted Sampling ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multigene Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Close Relatives

Abstract Cydistinae are a rare monogeneric beetle lineage from Asia with a convoluted history of classification, historically placed in various groups within the series Elateriformia. However, their position has never been rigorously tested. To resolve this long-standing puzzle, we are the first to present sequences of two nuclear and two mitochondrial markers for four species of Cydistinae to determine their phylogenetic position. We included these sequences in two rounds of analyses: one including a broad Elateriformia dataset to test placement at the superfamily/family level, and a second, including a richer, targeted sampling of presumed close relatives. Our results strongly support Cydistinae as sister to Phengodidae in a clade with Rhagophthalmidae. Based on our molecular phylogenetic results and examination of morphological characters, we hereby transfer the formerly unplaced Cydistinae into Phengodidae and provide diagnoses for the newly circumscribed Phengodidae, Cydistinae and Cydistus. Since both Phengodidae and Rhagophthalmidae have bioluminescent larvae and strongly neotenic females, similar features can be hypothesized for Cydistinae. Additionally, Cydistus minor is transferred to the new genus Microcydistus.

scholarly journals Two Complete Mitogenomes of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): Genome Description and Phylogenetic Implications

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1049
Author(s):  
Huifeng Zhao ◽  
Ye Chen ◽  
Zitong Wang ◽  
Haifeng Chen ◽  
Yaoguang Qin
Keyword(s):  
Stop Codon ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Nucleotide Composition ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Rna Genes

The complete mitochondrial genomes of two species of Chalcididae were newly sequenced: Brachymeria lasus and Haltichella nipponensis. Both circular mitogenomes are 15,147 and 15,334 bp in total length, respectively, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs) and an A+T-rich region. The nucleotide composition indicated a strong A/T bias. All PCGs of B. lasus and H. nipponensis began with the start codon ATD, except for B. lasus, which had an abnormal initiation codon TTG in ND1. Most PCGs of the two mitogenomes are terminated by a codon of TAR, and the remaining PCGs by the incomplete stop codon T or TA (ATP6, COX3, and ND4 in both species, with an extra CYTB in B. lasus). Except for trnS1 and trnF, all tRNAs can be folded into a typical clover structure. Both mitogenomes had similar control regions, and two repeat units of 135 bp were found in H. nipponensis. Phylogenetic analyses based on two datasets (PCG123 and PCG12) covering Chalcididae and nine families of Chalcidoidea were conducted using two methods (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference); all the results support Mymaridae as the sister group of the remaining Chalcidoidea, with Chalcididae as the next successive group. Only analyses of PCG123 generated similar topologies of Mymaridae + (Chalcididae + (Agaonidae + remaining Chalcidoidea)) and provided one relative stable clade as Eulophidae + (Torymidae + (Aphelinidae + Trichogrammatidae)). Our mitogenomic phylogenetic results share one important similarity with earlier molecular phylogenetic efforts: strong support for the monophyly of many families, but a largely unresolved or unstable “backbone” of relationships among families.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic position of Echeveria heterosepala (Crassulaceae): a rare species with diagnostic characters of Pachyphytum

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Vázquez-Cotero ◽  
Victoria Sosa ◽  
Pablo Carrillo-Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Outgroup Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Stem Type ◽  
Ancestral Character Reconstruction ◽  
Parsimony Criterion

<p><strong>Background: </strong><em>Echeveria</em> and <em>Pachyphytum</em> are two closely related Neotropical genera in the Crassulaceae. Several species in <em>Echeveria</em> possess characters cited as diagnostic for <em>Pachyphytum</em> such as a clearly defined stem, a nectary scale on the inner face of petals and as inflorescence a scorpioid cyme or cincinnus. <em>Pachyphytum</em> has been identified as monophyletic while <em>Echeveria</em> as polyphyletic in previous molecular phylogenetic analysess.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>The objective of this paper is to identify the phylogenetic position of a rare species with restricted distribution in <em>Echeveria</em>, <em>E. heterosepala</em> that possesses the diagnostic characters of <em>Pachyphytum</em> to better understand the generic limits between these two genera. We expect this species to be closely related to <em>Pachyphytum</em>.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses were carried out using 47 taxa, including as ingroup, species of <em>Echeveria, Graptopetalum, Lenophyllum, Pachyphytum, Sedum</em>, <em>Thompsonella</em> and <em>Villadia</em> and as outgroup, species in<em> Dudleya</em>. Analyses were conducted based on plastid (<em>rpl16, trnL-F</em>) and nuclear (ETS, ITS) markers. Ancestral character reconstruction was carried out under a parsimony criterion based on the molecular trees retrieved by the phylogenetic analyses. Four morphological characters were considered: defined stem, type of inflorescence, nectary scale in petals and position of sepals.</p><strong>Results</strong>: Accessions of <em>E</em>. <em>heterosepala</em> were retrieved in a well-supported clade group comprising exclusively <em>Echeveria</em> species. Therefore this species belongs to <em>Echeveria</em> although possessing characters similar to <em>Pachyphytum</em> and moreover it was not identified closely related to this genus. None of the traits considered have taxonomic importance. The node at the <em>Pachyphytum</em> clade identified unambiguous character states such as stem present, straight sepals, nectary scale on petals, however these character states were identified in the rest of the clades as well. Remarkably, the monophyly of <em>Pachyphytum</em> was corroborated, while <em>Echeveria</em> remains poorly understood.

Antarctic population of Anteholosticha sigmoidea (Foissner, 1982) Berger, 2003 (Ciliophora: Urostylidae) with notes on its phylogenetic position

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4942 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-300
Author(s):  
KANG-SAN KIM ◽  
SU-JUNG JI ◽  
SANGHEE KIM ◽  
GI-SIK MIN
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Gene Tree ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Cell Length ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Group I ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Morphological Differences

Anteholosticha sigmoidea (Foissner, 1982) Berger, 2003 was isolated from a wet soil sample collected on King George Island, Antarctica. Morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the gene sequences of small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) were used to identify the species. Anteholosticha sigmoidea can be divided into two groups: group I (three populations described by Foissner 1982) and group II (described by Foissner 1984) based on the morphological differences. Group I differs from group II by the length of the midventral complex (65.1% vs. 52.5% of the cell length), the number of adoral membranelles (25–28 vs. 16–24), and the number of dorsal bristles in kinety 1 (16 bristles vs. nine bristles). Group I differs from the Antarctica population by the absence/presence of the collecting canals of the contractile vacuole and the number of macronuclear nodules (6–12 vs. 13–19). Group II differs from the Antarctica population by the number of macronuclear nodules (five to nine vs. 13–19); the arrangement of cortical granules (forming longitudinal rows vs. irregularly distributed); the length of the midventral complex (64.7% vs. 53.8% of cell length). In the phylogenetic analyses, A. sigmoidea was not nested with any species, and the gene tree indicated polyphyly of the genus Anteholosticha. 

A new species of Phrynopus from the northeastern Andes of Peru, its phylogenetic position, and notes on the relationships of Holoadeninae (Anura: Craugastoridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4446 (4) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
PABLO J. VENEGAS ◽  
ANDY C. BARBOZA ◽  
IGNACIO DE LA RIVA ◽  
JOSÉ M. PADIAL
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
A New Species

We report the discovery of a geographically disjunct and morphologically distinctive species of direct-developing frog of the genus Phrynopus (Phrynopus mariellaleo sp. nov.) that changes considerably our understanding of the distribution of species in this Andean genus. The type locality lies on a subcordillera (Cerro de Campanario area) of the extreme northeastern portion of the Cordillera Central of Peru, on the headwaters of the Mayo River, Amazonas department, at 2575 m asl (6°6’42.9’’S, 77°26’24’’W). This area is situated 170 km to the NE from the northernmost record of Phrynopus known so far. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of a supermatrix (13269 aligned positions of gene sequences of four mitochondrial and ten nuclear genes) of 105 terminals (representing 93 named and 9 unnamed species of Holoadeninae) recover this new species as the sister to Phrynopus auriculatus, a species occurring more than 500 km south of the type locality of the new species. Both Phrynopus auriculatus and the new species occur at moderate elevations on the easternmost stretches of the Andean subcordilleras; their sister relationship point to a potentially broader distribution of species of Phrynopus along the poorly sampled intervening areas of the eastern hills of the Andes. The new species has a conspicuous and visibly large tympanic membrane (a trait rare in the clade), outlined by a marked bold black supratympanic fold and a black facial mask, and exhibits conspicuous dorsolateral, scapular, and middorsal Y-shaped folds. Specimens were found on the forest floor—a rocky substrate covered by a thick layer of leaf litter, moss and roots—of a primary humid montane forest (Yungas ecoregion) with scattered patches of bamboo (Chusquea spp.). Our phylogenetic analyses corroborate the monophyly of all Holoadeninae genera, including Euparkerella and Psychrophrynella, genera for which tests of monophyly were pending, and corroborates Hypodactylus nigrovittatus as part of Hypodactylus and sister to a clade that includes H. brunneus, H. elassodiscus and H. peraccai. 

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