Phylogenetic position of Echeveria heterosepala (Crassulaceae): a rare species with diagnostic characters of Pachyphytum

Background: Echeveria and Pachyphytum are two closely related Neotropical genera in the Crassulaceae. Several species in Echeveria possess characters cited as diagnostic for Pachyphytum such as a clearly defined stem, a nectary scale on the inner face of petals and as inflorescence a scorpioid cyme or cincinnus. Pachyphytum has been identified as monophyletic while Echeveria as polyphyletic in previous molecular phylogenetic analysess.Hypothesis: The objective of this paper is to identify the phylogenetic position of a rare species with restricted distribution in Echeveria, E. heterosepala that possesses the diagnostic characters of Pachyphytum to better understand the generic limits between these two genera. We expect this species to be closely related to Pachyphytum.Methods: Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses were carried out using 47 taxa, including as ingroup, species of Echeveria, Graptopetalum, Lenophyllum, Pachyphytum, Sedum, Thompsonella and Villadia and as outgroup, species in Dudleya. Analyses were conducted based on plastid (rpl16, trnL-F) and nuclear (ETS, ITS) markers. Ancestral character reconstruction was carried out under a parsimony criterion based on the molecular trees retrieved by the phylogenetic analyses. Four morphological characters were considered: defined stem, type of inflorescence, nectary scale in petals and position of sepals.Results: Accessions of E. heterosepala were retrieved in a well-supported clade group comprising exclusively Echeveria species. Therefore this species belongs to Echeveria although possessing characters similar to Pachyphytum and moreover it was not identified closely related to this genus. None of the traits considered have taxonomic importance. The node at the Pachyphytum clade identified unambiguous character states such as stem present, straight sepals, nectary scale on petals, however these character states were identified in the rest of the clades as well. Remarkably, the monophyly of Pachyphytum was corroborated, while Echeveria remains poorly understood.

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Five new morphological types of virgulate and microcotylous xiphidiocercariae based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x19000853 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 94 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S.V. Shchenkov ◽

S.A. Denisova ◽

G.A. Kremnev ◽

A.A. Dobrovolskij

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

The Family ◽

Family Level ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Morphological And Molecular Data ◽

First Time

Abstract The phylogenetic position of most xiphidiocercariae from subgroups Cercariae virgulae and Cercariae microcotylae remains unknown or unclear, even at the family level. In this paper, we studied the morphology and molecular phylogeny of 15 microcotylous and virgulate cercariae (11 new and four previously described ones). Based on morphological and molecular data, we suggested five distinct morphological types of xiphidiocercariae, which are a practical alternative to Cercariae virgulae and Cercariae microcotylae subgroups. Four of these types correspond to actual digenean taxa (Microphallidae, Lecithodendriidae, Pleurogenidae and Prosthogonimidae), while the fifth is represented by Cercaria nigrospora Wergun, 1957, which we classified on the basis of molecular data for the first time. We reassessed the relative importance of morphological characters used for the classification of virgulate and microcotylous cercariae, and discussed the main evolutionary trends within xiphidiocercariae. Now stylet cercariae can be reliably placed into several sub-taxa of Microphalloidea on the basis of their morphological features.

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Hymenoporus paradoxus gen. et sp. nov., a striking fungus of the family Omphalotaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) with tubular hymenophore

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.204.3.3 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 204 (3) ◽

pp. 203 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zdenko Tkalčec ◽

Armin Mešić ◽

Chun-Ying Deng ◽

Bruna Pleše ◽

Helena Ćetković

Keyword(s):

New Genus ◽

Southern China ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Fungal Species ◽

28S Rdna ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Rdna Sequences ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Micromorphological Characters

Hymenoporus paradoxus, a new marasmioid fungal species belonging to the new genus is described from southern China. It differs from all other marasmioid species by a true tubular hymenophore, a character previously unknown in marasmioid fungi, and from all other tubular agarics by a hymenophore attached to a free collarium, and central, tough, dark and filiform stipe. The additional diagnostic characters are small basidiocarps, mostly convex pileus, smooth, hyaline, non-amyloid spores, densely packed dendriform cheilocystidia, and pileipellis composed of repent hyphae densely covered with simple to coralloid excrescences, intermixed with dendriform cells. As peculiar morphological characters had indicated, molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the 28S rDNA sequences confirm phylogenetic position of the new species in Omphalotaceae and a need to establish a new genus. Color photographs of macro- and micromorphological characters, SEM microphotographs, and a phylogenetic tree based on the partial 28S rDNA gene are provided.

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Disentangling relationships among eastern Mediterranean Cymbalaria including description of a novel species from the southern Peloponnese (Greece)

Plant Systematics and Evolution ◽

10.1007/s00606-020-01730-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 307 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Pau Carnicero ◽

Núria Garcia-Jacas ◽

Llorenç Sáez ◽

Theophanis Constantinidis ◽

Mercè Galbany-Casals

Keyword(s):

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Long Distance ◽

Aegean Islands ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

AbstractThe eastern Mediterranean basin hosts a remarkably high plant diversity. Historical connections between currently isolated areas across the Aegean region and long-distance dispersal events have been invoked to explain current distribution patterns of species. According to most recent treatments, at least two Cymbalaria species occur in this area, Cymbalaria microcalyx and C. longipes. The former comprises several intraspecific taxa, treated at different ranks by different authors based on morphological data, evidencing the need of a taxonomic revision. Additionally, some populations of C. microcalyx show exclusive morphological characters that do not match any described taxon. Here, we aim to shed light on the systematics of eastern Mediterranean Cymbalaria and to propose a classification informed by various sources of evidence. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses using ITS, 3’ETS, ndhF and rpl32-trnL sequences and estimated the ploidy level of some taxa performing relative genome size measures. Molecular data combined with morphology support the division of traditionally delimited C. microcalyx into C. acutiloba, C. microcalyx and C. minor, corresponding to well-delimited nrDNA lineages. Furthermore, we propose to combine C. microcalyx subsp. paradoxa at the species level. A group of specimens previously thought to belong to Cymbalaria microcalyx constitute a well-defined phylogenetic and morphological entity and are described here as a new species, Cymbalaria spetae. Cymbalaria longipes is non-monophyletic, but characterized by being glabrous and diploid, unlike other eastern species. The nrDNA data suggest at least two dispersals from the mainland to the Aegean Islands, potentially facilitated by marine regressions.

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Noteworthy record of the Ethiopian genet, Genetta abyssinica, (Carnivora, Viverridae) from Djibouti informs its phylogenetic position within Genetta

Mammalia ◽

10.1515/mammalia-2017-0081 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 180-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Adam W. Ferguson ◽

Houssein R. Roble ◽

Molly M. McDonough

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Alternative Hypothesis ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Sister Relationship ◽

Molecular Sequence Data ◽

Molecular Sequence ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Relationship Of

AbstractThe molecular phylogeny of extant genets (Carnivora, Viverridae,Genetta) was generated using all species with the exception of the Ethiopian genetGenetta abyssinica. Herein, we provide the first molecular phylogenetic assessment ofG. abyssinicausing molecular sequence data from multiple mitochondrial genes generated from a recent record of this species from the Forêt du Day (the Day Forest) in Djibouti. This record represents the first verified museum specimen ofG. abyssinicacollected in over 60 years and the first specimen with a specific locality for the country of Djibouti. Multiple phylogenetic analyses revealed conflicting results as to the exact relationship ofG. abyssinicato otherGenettaspecies, providing statistical support for a sister relationship to all other extant genets for only a subset of mitochondrial analyses. Despite the inclusion of this species for the first time, phylogenetic relationships amongGenettaspecies remain unclear, with limited nodal support for many species. In addition to providing an alternative hypothesis of the phylogenetic relationships among extant genets, this recent record provides the first complete skeleton of this species to our knowledge and helps to shed light on the distribution and habitat use of this understudied African small carnivore.

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Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses of Zepedanulus ishikawai (Arachnida: Opiliones: Laniatores: Epedanidae) in the southern part of the Ryukyu Archipelago

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/tce.2021.42 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-28

Author(s):

Yoshimasa Kumekawa ◽

Haruka Fujimoto ◽

Osamu Miura ◽

Ryo Arakawa ◽

Jun Yokoyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Tree ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Divergence Time ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Ryukyu Archipelago ◽

Divergence Time Estimates ◽

Time Estimates ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

History Of ◽

Polymerase Chain

Abstract Harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) are soil animals with extremely low dispersal abilities that experienced allopatric differentiation. To clarify the morphological and phylogenetic differentiation of the endemic harvestman Zepedanulus ishikawai (Suzuki, 1971) (Laniatores: Epedanidae) in the southern part of the Ryukyu Archipelago, we conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses and divergence time estimates based on CO1 and 16S rRNA sequences of mtDNA, the 28S rRNA sequence of nrDNA, and the external morphology. A phylogenetic tree based on mtDNA sequences indicated that individuals of Z. ishikawai were monophyletic and were divided into clade I and clade II. This was supported by the nrDNA phylogenetic tree. Although clades I and II were distributed sympatrically on all three islands examined (Ishigaki, Iriomote, and Yonaguni), heterogeneity could not be detected by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism of nrDNA, indicating that clades I and II do not have a history of hybridisation. Also, several morphological characters differed significantly between individuals of clade I and clade II. The longstanding isolation of the southern Ryukyus from the surrounding islands enabled estimation of the original morphological characters of both clades of Z. ishikawai.

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Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic position of genus Hyperacrius (Rodentia: Arvicolinae) from Kashmir based on evidences from analysis of mitochondrial genome and study of skull morphology

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.10364 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e10364

Author(s):

Natalia I. Abramson ◽

Fedor N. Golenishchev ◽

Semen Yu. Bodrov ◽

Olga V. Bondareva ◽

Evgeny A. Genelt-Yanovskiy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Genome ◽

De Novo ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Skull Morphology ◽

Protein Coding ◽

Protein Coding Genes

In this article, we present the nearly complete mitochondrial genome of the Subalpine Kashmir vole Hyperacrius fertilis (Arvicolinae, Cricetidae, Rodentia), assembled using data from Illumina next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the DNA from a century-old museum specimen. De novo assembly consisted of 16,341 bp and included all mitogenome protein-coding genes as well as 12S and 16S RNAs, tRNAs and D-loop. Using the alignment of protein-coding genes of 14 previously published Arvicolini tribe mitogenomes, seven Clethrionomyini mitogenomes, and also Ondatra and Dicrostonyx outgroups, we conducted phylogenetic reconstructions based on a dataset of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) under maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Phylogenetic analyses robustly supported the phylogenetic position of this species within the tribe Arvicolini. Among the Arvicolini, Hyperacrius represents one of the early-diverged lineages. This result of phylogenetic analysis altered the conventional view on phylogenetic relatedness between Hyperacrius and Alticola and prompted the revision of morphological characters underlying the former assumption. Morphological analysis performed here confirmed molecular data and provided additional evidence for taxonomic replacement of the genus Hyperacrius from the tribe Clethrionomyini to the tribe Arvicolini.

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Phylogenetic placement of enigmatic Astianthus (Bignoniaceae) based on molecular data, wood and bark anatomy

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.2779 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (2) ◽

pp. 398-412

Author(s):

Marcelo R. Pace ◽

Brenda Hernández-Hernández ◽

Esteban M. Martínez Salas ◽

Lúcia G. Lohmann ◽

N. Ivalu Cacho

Keyword(s):

Pacific Coast ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Phylogenetic Placement ◽

The Pacific ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Phloem Fibers ◽

Plastid Markers ◽

Bark Anatomy

Background: Astianthus is a monospecific arborescent genus of Bignoniaceae that occur in the Pacific Coast of central Mexico and northern Central America, where it grows in dense populations along riversides. Its phylogenetic placement has remained controversial since Astianthus has unusual morphological characters such as a four-loculed ovary, and simple, pulvinate, verticillate leaves. Methods: Here we used three plastid markers ndhF, rbcL, and trnL-F, wood, and bark anatomical data to investigate the phylogenetic placement of Astianthus and assign it to one of Bignoniaceae’s main clades. Results: Our molecular phylogenetic analyses indicated that Astianthus belongs in tribe Tecomeae s.s., where other charismatic Neotropical Bignoniaceae genera such as Campsis and Tecoma are currently placed. Wood and bark anatomy support this placement, as Astianthus reunites a unique combination of features only known from members of Tecomeae s.s., such as storied axial parenchyma, the co-occurrence of homo- and heterocellular rays, septate fibers, and scattered phloem fibers in the bark. Conclusions: The placement of Astianthus within Tecomeae s.s. provides further support to previous proposals for the Neotropical origin of this Pantropical tribe.

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The Phylogenetic Position of Crenea in the Lythraceae Based on Molecular Evidence, and the Transfer of Its Two Species to Ammannia

Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden ◽

10.3417/2021629 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 106 ◽

pp. 325-339

Author(s):

Shirley A. Graham ◽

Peter W. Inglis ◽

Taciana B. Cavalcanti

Keyword(s):

Morphological Character ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Monophyletic Lineage ◽

The Family ◽

Mangrove Vegetation ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Globally Distributed

Crenea Aubl. (Lythraceae) is a ditypic genus of subshrubs occurring in mangrove vegetation on the coasts of northern South America. Phylogenetic analyses based on morphology have offered unresolved and conflicting phylogenetic positions for the genus in the family. This study presents the first molecular sequences for Crenea, from nrITS, rbcL, trnL, trnL-F, and matK regions. Molecular phylogenetic analyses find full support for Crenea within Ammannia L., a relationship not previously recognized. Ammannia is a globally distributed genus of terrestrial to amphibious herbs mostly occurring in freshwater marshes and wetlands. It was recently reconfigured based on phylogenetic evidence to include the genera Nesaea Comm. ex Kunth and Hionanthera A. Fern. & Diniz. The transfer of Crenea to Ammannia further extends the morphological, ecological, and biogeographical diversity of Ammannia and provides the final evidence defining Ammannia as a monophyletic lineage of the Lythraceae. A revised circumscription of Ammannia s.l. adds several new morphological character states and the first species in the genus restricted to mangrove vegetation. Two changes in taxonomic status are made: Ammannia maritima (Aubl.) S. A. Graham, P. W. Inglis, & T. B. Cavalc., comb. nov., and Ammannia patentinervius (Koehne) S. A. Graham, P. W. Inglis, & T. B. Cavalc., comb. nov. The new combinations are described, a list of exsiccatae examined is provided, and the effects of the reconfiguration to the morphology and biogeography of the genus are detailed.

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Leptolejeunea nigra (Lejeuneaceae), a new species with brownish black ocelli based upon morphology and DNA sequences

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.427.1.4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 427 (1) ◽

pp. 31-42

Author(s):

LEI SHU ◽

RUI-LIANG ZHU

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Molecular Phylogeny ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Time Span ◽

Molecular Dating ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Brownish Black ◽

A New Species

Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters, a new species from Bangladesh, northern Vietnam, and southwestern China, Leptolejeunea nigra, is described. It is mostly similar to L. balansae but remarkable for having brownish black ocelli in its leaf lobes. In the molecular phylogeny, the samples of L. nigra are not nested within any clade and form an independent lineage. In particular, the molecular dating suggested that the divergence of L. nigra happened in time span of the formation of the Himalayas.

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First pentasetacid mite from Australasian Araucariaceae: morphological description and molecular phylogenetic position of Pentasetacus novozelandicus n. sp. (Eriophyoidea, Pentasetacidae) and remarks on anal lobes in eriophyoid mites

Systematic and Applied Acarology ◽

10.11158/saa.24.7.12 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 1284-1309 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Philipp Chetverikov ◽

C. CRAEMER C. CRAEMER ◽

T. CVRKOVIĆ T. CVRKOVIĆ ◽

P.G. EFIMOV P.G. EFIMOV ◽

P.B. KLIMOV P.B. KLIMOV ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laser Scanning ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Mite Species ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Coi Gene ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Morphological Description ◽

Eriophyoid Mites ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

A new vagrant eriophyoid mite species of the archaic genus Pentasetacus (Schliesske 1985), P. novozelandicus n. sp., is described with the aid of conventional microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was found on Araucaria heterophylla, which is an araucarian that is endemic to Norfolk Island and introduced to New Zealand. Partial sequences of mitochondrial barcode COI gene and D1–D2 domains of nuclear rDNA of two pentasetacid mites, P. araucariae (MK903025 and MK898944) and P. novozelandicus n. sp. (MK903024 and MK898943) are provided. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of full-length D1–D2 eriophyoid sequences, including GenBank sequences and newly generated sequences of pentasetacids, confirmed the monophyly of Pentasetacidae but failed to resolve the basal phylogeny of Eriophyoidea. This may be because the D1–D2 domains of 28S are hypervariable in Eriophyoidea. Moreover, in pentasetacids D1–D2 sequences are about 20% shorter than in other eriophyoids, and thus harder to align. Two types of anal lobes are described in Eriophyoidea: (1) Eriophyidae s.l. and Phytoptidae s.l. have bilaterally symmetric lobes; (2) pentasetacids have non-divided lobes. The presence of an anal secretory apparatus, comprising internal structures that have previously been described in Eriophyidae s.l. and Phytoptidae s.l., is confirmed in pentasetacid genera. The phylogeny of pentasetacids is also discussed in the context of the paleobiography of Araucariaceae.

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