scholarly journals Dehalorespiration with Polychlorinated Biphenyls by an Anaerobic Ultramicrobacterium

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 2089-2094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold D. May ◽  
Greg S. Miller ◽  
Birthe V. Kjellerup ◽  
Kevin R. Sowers
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cell Extract ◽  
Contaminated Sediments ◽  
Pcb Dechlorination

ABSTRACT Anaerobic microbial dechlorination is an important step in the detoxification and elimination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), but a microorganism capable of coupling its growth to PCB dechlorination has not been isolated. Here we describe the isolation from sediment of an ultramicrobacterium, strain DF-1, which is capable of dechlorinating PCBs containing double-flanked chlorines added as single congeners or as Aroclor 1260 in contaminated soil. The isolate requires Desulfovibrio spp. in coculture or cell extract for growth on hydrogen and PCB in mineral medium. This is the first microorganism in pure culture demonstrated to grow by dehalorespiration with PCBs and the first isolate shown to dechlorinate weathered commercial mixtures of PCBs in historically contaminated sediments. The ability of this isolate to grow on PCBs in contaminated sediments represents a significant breakthrough for the development of in situ treatment strategies for this class of persistent organic pollutants.

scholarly journals Dispersal of persistent organic pollutants from fiber-contaminated sediments: biotic and abiotic pathways

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Karin Dahlberg ◽  
Anna Apler ◽  
Paul Frogner-Kockum ◽  
Gunnel Göransson ◽  
Ian Snowball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Contaminated Sediments ◽  
The Body ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Particle Resuspension

Abstract Purpose Numerous sites contaminated with fiber emissions from pulp and paper industries are found in coastal areas of the Baltic Sea, but there is limited knowledge about the magnitude of dispersal of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from these anthropogenic, organic-rich sediments called fiberbanks. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare different POP dispersal pathways from such fiberbanks. Dispersal mechanisms studied included abiotic and biotic routes (dissolved in water, particle-bound, and bioaccumulation). Materials and methods Contaminated fibrous sediments located in Ångermanälven River estuary in north-eastern Sweden were studied in sediment types representing different fiber content (i.e., fiberbanks, fiber-rich sediments, and less fiber impacted sediments). Sediment-to-water fluxes of dissolved contaminants (polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)) were measured in situ using benthic flux chambers. Particle resuspension was measured by sampling bottom water, before and after disturbing the sediment surface. Benthic biota was collected to determine the body burden of contaminants and to determine biota-pore water accumulation factors (BAFPW) and biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs). In addition, concentrations of dissolved POPs in the water column were measured in field using passive samplers. Instrumental analysis was performed using gas chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS). Results and discussion The flux of dissolved Σ20PCBs was approximately two times higher from one of the investigated fiberbanks (3.4 ng m− 2 day− 1) compared to the other. The average particle burden of PCBs was also higher at this fiberbank after artificial disturbance (15 ng g−1 particle), which indicates that larger amounts of contaminants are likely to disperse via particle resuspension from this site compared to the other fiberbank (4.8 ng g− 1 particle). The difference might be associated with a layer of recently settled minerogenic material that covers one of the fiberbanks, which probably functions as a protective barrier. The lack of benthic biota implies that contaminant release by bioturbation is negligible in the studied fiberbanks. However, benthic biota from fiber-rich sediment showed bioaccumulation and biomagnification of contaminants. Conclusions The importance of diffusive flux from fiberbanks under undisturbed conditions became apparent when the different dispersal pathways were quantified. However, no dispersal pathway could be judged as irrelevant, since even under undisturbed conditions, advective particle transport was significant. Additionally, the uptake by biota and trophic transfer can be considerable. Quantification of dispersal routes and understanding of the relative importance of various pathways is critical for proper risk assessment and management of contaminated sediments.

scholarly journals A review on green remediation techniques for hydrocarbons and heavy metals contaminated soil

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam A. Abdelhafeez ◽  
Sayed A. El-Tohamy ◽  
Mokhtar A. Abd ul-Malik ◽  
Shaban A. A. Abdel-Raheem ◽  
Farida M.S. El-Dar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Green Remediation ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Organic pollutants cause many environmental problems to our environment because of their toxicity, non-degradation and ability to long-range transport. The most common organic pollutants are known as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and are known as hydrocarbons. Effective techniques for the removal of hydrocarbons and heavy metals from soil have drawn great attention. Remediation techniques represent one of the most important of these techniques because of their gentle impact on the environment. The study highlights numerous methods for Physical and chemical remediation techniques with explanation of the ability of some plants and agricultural wastes for remediation.

scholarly journals In Situ Miniaturised Solid Phase Extraction (m-SPE) for Organic Pollutants in Seawater Samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Abaroa-Pérez ◽  
G. Sánchez-Almeida ◽  
J. J. Hernández-Brito ◽  
D. Vega-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Seawater Samples

Solid phase extraction (SPE) is a consolidated technique for determining pollutants in seawater samples. The current tendency is to miniaturise systems that extract and determine pollutants in the environment, reducing the use of organic solvents, while maintaining the quality in the extraction and preconcentration. On the other hand, there is a need to develop new extraction systems that can be fitted to in situ continual monitoring buoys, especially for the marine environment. This work has developed a first model of a low-pressure micro-SPE (m-SPE) for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that can be simply applied to in situ monitoring in the marine environment. This system reduces the volumes of sample and solvents required in the laboratory in comparison with conventional SPE. In the future, it could be used in automated or robotic systems in marine technologies such as marine gliders and oceanographic buoys. This system has been optimised and validated to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in seawater samples, but it could also be applied to other kinds of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and emerging pollutants.

Gas chromatographic analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in compost samples from different origin

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 556-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Barcauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Green Waste ◽  
Municipal Waste Compost

Depending on the origin, the compost produced may contain not only nutrients but also pollutants, such as heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants. It is very important to determine them in soil-improving substances, because persistent organic pollutants show environmental toxic, cancerogenic, mutagenic effects and do not decompose for a long time. The aim of this study was to determine seven polychlorinated biphenyls concentrations in different kinds of composts produced in Lithuania and to evaluate the appliance of these composts in agricultural land. First, before routine analysis was done a gas chromatography with electron-capture detector method was developed. In this study 145 samples of green waste, sewage sludge, cattle manure, food waste, mixed municipal waste, digestate and composts made from mixed municipal waste after mechanical–biological treatment were analysed. Obtained results show that 28% of investigated cattle manure composts (CMCs) and 10.5% of food waste composts (FWCs) were free from polychlorinated biphenyls. Other kinds of composts investigated in this study (green waste compost (GWC), sewage sludge compost (SSC), mixed municipal waste compost (MMWC), mixed municipal waste compost after mechanical biological treatment (MMWCABMT) and digestate (DIG)) were contaminated 100% with polychlorinated biphenyls. Despite the fact that polychlorinated biphenyls were forbidden 25 years ago, their concentration varied from 2.70 to 163.7 µg kg−1 in different kinds of composts produced in Lithuania. According to get an increasing average amount of Σ7 polychlorinated biphenyls, Lithuanian composts were distributed as follows CMC > GWC > DIG > FWC > SSC > MMWCABMT > MMWC.

scholarly journals Bioengineered Approach for Ex situ Vermiextraction of Acenaphthylene, Benzo (E)Pyrene and Benzo (Ghi) Perylene Soil Contamination

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
C. Fawole ◽  
S. J. Salami ◽  
D. A. Dashak ◽  
H. A. Chimezie-Nwosu
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Petroleum Contaminated Soil ◽  
Us Epa

The ex situ study of vermiextraction of Acenaphthylene (AcPY), Benzo(e)pyrene (BeP) and Benzo(ghi)perylene (BP) form constructed vermiculture containing petroleum contaminated soil (8.00±0.01, 9.80±0.00 and 5.02±0.00 mg/kg respectively) and vermiaccumulation (AcPY, 1.05±0.00, BeP, 2.01±0.00 and BP, 1.73±0.00 mg/kg) by Esenia fetida squirms with mean vermiremoval efficiency of 100% while vermiconversions were AcPY, 86.88, BeP, 79.49 and BP, 65.54%. The identification and quantification of the 3 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (3PAHs) were performed by GS/MD in accordance with analytical procedure of US. EPA 8270; 625. The bioengineered approach by E. fetida squirms in the vermiculture proved effective to detoxify and remove the persistent organic pollutants of the 3PAHs. The ex situ study of vermiextraction of Acenaphthylene (AcPY), Benzo(e)pyrene (BeP) and Benzo(ghi)perylene (BP) form constructed vermiculture containing petroleum contaminated soil (8.00±0.01, 9.80±0.00 and 5.02±0.00 mg/kg respectively) and vermiaccumulation (AcPY, 1.05±0.00, BeP, 2.01±0.00 and BP, 1.73±0.00 mg/kg) by Esenia fetida squirms with mean vermiremoval efficiency of 100% while vermiconversions were AcPY, 86.88, BeP, 79.49 and BP, 65.54%. The identification and quantification of the 3 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (3PAHs) were performed by GS/MD in accordance with analytical procedure of US. EPA 8270; 625. The bioengineered approach by E. fetida squirms in the vermiculture proved effective to detoxify and remove the persistent organic pollutants of the 3PAHs.

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