Pengaruh Pupuk Sampah Kota dan dan Pupuk Kandang Sapi terhadapTinggi Tanaman, Panjang Daun, dan Berat Panen Tanaman Pakcoy (Brasica rapa ) pada Andisol di Kabupaten Indramayu

The objective of this research was to find out the effect of municipal solid waste compost and cow manure on plant height, leaf length, and harvest weight of pakcoy (Brasica rapa) in Andisols in Indramayu Regency. This study used a randomized block design factorial with two factors. The first factor is municipal waste compost and the second factor is cow manure. Each of them consisted of 4 levels : 0%, 3.0%, 6.0%, and 9.0% with two replication. The results showed that there was an interaction between municipal solid waste compost and cow manure on the plant heights of pakcoy 14, 21, and 28 HST, but there was no interaction at 7 HST. The statistical results show that the combination of municipal solid waste compost with cow manure has an effect on the height of pakcoy 14, 21, and 28 HST, but the height of pakcoy 7 HST is influenced by the independent influence of cow manure. There was an interaction between municipal solid waste compost and cow manure on the leaf length of pakcoy 7, 14, 21, and 28 HST, and there was an interaction between municipal waste compost and cow manure on the harvest weight of pakcoy. The application of organic matter, both municipal solid waste compost and cow manure to the soil can increase plant height, leaf length, and harvest weight of pakcoy.

Decomposition Dynamics of Cooking-oil-soaked Paper in Media With a Low Inorganic Nitrogen Content

Many paper-related products are in daily use all over the world. Although paper is one of the most recycled materials in the European Union, no end-of-waste criteria have been defined. Typical paper and cardboard should be recycled, but paper materials with impurities, such as water, cooking oil, sand, or plastic, are much more problematic. In particular, paper polluted with cooking oil or butter (e.g., pizza boxes) is difficult waste. Composting could be a solution, but in many municipal solid waste collection systems, this waste type is collected with the mixed waste stream. Paper and cardboard contain potentially much CH4 and, in landfills, are a source of CO2 and CH4. Incineration of these materials also causes CO2 emission. The aim of this study was to investigate the degradation of cooking-oil-polluted paper in media with a low inorganic nitrogen content. Office paper usually used for printouts was used as pre-test material. Two types of paper usually used in the kitchen were used: pizza box cardboard and parchment paper highly polluted with cooking oil. Two types of low inorganic nitrogen media were tested: mature municipal waste compost (MSWC) and leaf mold. The decrease in mass of both paper sample types was correlated with process time. All tested samples—raw cellulose materials and paper with cooking oil added—were partly or completely decomposed after 6 weeks of bioprocessing without an additional dose of inorganic nitrogen.

Effects of Organic Additives on Chemical, Microbiological and Plant Pathogen Suppressive Properties of Aerated Municipal Waste Compost Teas

The aim of the present study was to characterize the physical-chemical and microbiological features of aerated compost teas (CTs) extracted with dechlorinated tap water and with two different additives, molasses and whey, in increasing doses. Plant pathogen suppression properties of CTs were also taken into account. Total nitrogen in CTs increased with rising doses of the additives used. In spite of this, nitrogen and mineral element contributions were limited but complementary for plant mineral nutrition. Although total heavy metal contents in CTs were low, an increase of their bioavailable forms (ionic and chelated forms, presence in microorganisms) should be taken into account. In addition, the distribution on soil of acid and/or chelating products by CTs could increase the bioavailability of heavy metals, especially in the case of several annual distribution cycles and of medium–long term treatments. Additives modulated the structure and composition of microbial communities and CTs, exhibiting a broad spectrum of suppressive properties against plant pathogens, especially when they were used in a raw form.

Factors Influencing Adoption of Compost Made from Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste and Purchasing Pattern: A Survey of Italian Professional and Hobbyist Users

Composting represents an alternative for the management of the organic fraction from municipal waste. However, the adoption of compost made from municipal waste is not yet widespread across all European countries, including Italy. Being ‘professional’ (i.e., farmers and gardeners) and ‘hobbyists’ the most representative categories of compost buyers in Italy, this study investigated their attitude toward municipal waste compost adoption and their purchasing pattern, pointing out criticalities and strategies to promote a wider use of this kind of compost. For the two categories of users, frequency of use of different information, buying habits, opinions on marketing issues, and factors which encourage compost utilization were investigated. The ‘professionals’ and ‘hobbyists’ reported different purchasing behaviors in terms of quantity, frequency, and preferred packaging format. The capability of compost from municipal waste to improve soil characteristics and its low environmental impact were identified as the most significant aspects for users, while availability of economic subsidies was not a determining factor for municipal waste compost adoption. With regard to the information sources, the broader use of personal communication channels like peers’ suggestions may have influence on compost adoption pointing out how social influence can promote sustainable behavior and influence users’ purchasing choices.

Hubungan Kandungan N- Total dan C-Organik Tanah terhadap Berat Panen Tanaman Pakcoy setelah Dikombinasikan dengan Kompos Sampah Kota dan Pupuk Kandang Sapi pada Aluvial, Indramayu

The objective of this research was to find out relationship between N- Total content and C- Organic soil to the harvest weight of pakcoy after combined with municipal waste compost and cow manure in Alluvial, Indramayu. This study used a randomized block design factorial with two factors. The first factor is municipal waste compost and the second factor is cow manure. Each of them consisted of 4 levels : 0%, 3.0%, 6.0%, and 9.0% with two replication, followed by regression analysis and linear correlation. The results showed that there was a relationship between N- Total content and C- Organic soil with harvest weight of pakcoy. The harvest weight of pakcoy was influenced by N- Total content and C-Organik soil, so that the N- Total and C-Organic soil can increase the harvest weight of pakcoy.