Gas chromatographic analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in compost samples from different origin

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 556-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Barcauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Green Waste ◽  
Municipal Waste Compost

Depending on the origin, the compost produced may contain not only nutrients but also pollutants, such as heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants. It is very important to determine them in soil-improving substances, because persistent organic pollutants show environmental toxic, cancerogenic, mutagenic effects and do not decompose for a long time. The aim of this study was to determine seven polychlorinated biphenyls concentrations in different kinds of composts produced in Lithuania and to evaluate the appliance of these composts in agricultural land. First, before routine analysis was done a gas chromatography with electron-capture detector method was developed. In this study 145 samples of green waste, sewage sludge, cattle manure, food waste, mixed municipal waste, digestate and composts made from mixed municipal waste after mechanical–biological treatment were analysed. Obtained results show that 28% of investigated cattle manure composts (CMCs) and 10.5% of food waste composts (FWCs) were free from polychlorinated biphenyls. Other kinds of composts investigated in this study (green waste compost (GWC), sewage sludge compost (SSC), mixed municipal waste compost (MMWC), mixed municipal waste compost after mechanical biological treatment (MMWCABMT) and digestate (DIG)) were contaminated 100% with polychlorinated biphenyls. Despite the fact that polychlorinated biphenyls were forbidden 25 years ago, their concentration varied from 2.70 to 163.7 µg kg−1 in different kinds of composts produced in Lithuania. According to get an increasing average amount of Σ7 polychlorinated biphenyls, Lithuanian composts were distributed as follows CMC > GWC > DIG > FWC > SSC > MMWCABMT > MMWC.

Emission of unintentionally produced persistent organic pollutants (UPOPs) from municipal waste incinerators in China

Chemosphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuancheng Li ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Gang Yu ◽  
Jun Huang ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Waste Incinerators

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effects of Municipal Waste and Wastewater on Absorption of Nickel and Cadmium of Helianthus Annuus Plant

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 741-749
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Ashouri ◽  
Bahareh Sadhezari
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Municipal Waste Compost ◽  
Main Factor

The present study is an attempt to examine the effects of municipal waste and wastewater on absorption of nickel and cadmium of helianthus annuus plant. In order to determine cadmium and nickel in different organs of the plant in soil with organic fertilizers of municipal waste and municipal sewage sludge, we conducted a split plot study. The study was in form of randomized complete block from 2011 to 2015 under farm conditions. We considered the main factor in five levels of control, 10 and 20 tons of sewage sludge and municipal waste compost per hectare besides the minor factor of yearly treatment during four years. The results showed that using 20 tons of sewage sludge and waste per hectare increased absorbable soil nickel and cadmium up to approximately 220%. Also, the amount of cadmium and nickel in root was about 400% more than the control group. Bacteria found in soil contaminated to heavy metals showed remarkable resistance against higher concentration of these elements. Both bioaccumulation and biosorption techniques indicated high potential to refine aquatic environments. However, the bioaccumulation technique showed better efficiency in lower concentrations and the biosorption revealed better efficiency in higher concentrations of metals.

scholarly journals «Грязная дюжина» Стокгольмской конвенции. Химия и токсикология стойких органических загрязняющих веществ (СОЗ): обзор литературы

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-61
Author(s):  
В.Ю. Цыганков
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Stockholm Convention ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Dirty Dozen ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

В главе представлена информация о Стокгольмской конвенции, этапах ее формирования и "грязной дюжине". Описаны физико-химические свойства, распределение в окружающей среде, метаболизм и деградация, токсичность основных стойких органических загрязняющих веществ (СОЗ), таких как хлорорганические пестициды (ХОП) и полихлорированные бифенилы (ПХБ). Ключевые слова: «грязная дюжина»; Стокгольмская конвенция; СОЗ; ХОП; ПХБ; физико-химические свойства; распределение в окружающей среде; метаболизм и деградация; токсичность. In the chapter, the "dirty dozen" of the Stockholm Convention and the stages of its formation are presented. The physical and chemical properties, distribution in the environment, metabolism and degradation, toxicity of the main persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are described. Keywords: "dirty dozen"; Stockholm Convention; POPs; OCP; PCBs; physical and chemical properties; distribution in the environment; metabolism and deg-radation; toxicity.

scholarly journals Dehalorespiration with Polychlorinated Biphenyls by an Anaerobic Ultramicrobacterium

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 2089-2094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold D. May ◽  
Greg S. Miller ◽  
Birthe V. Kjellerup ◽  
Kevin R. Sowers
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cell Extract ◽  
Contaminated Sediments ◽  
Pcb Dechlorination

ABSTRACT Anaerobic microbial dechlorination is an important step in the detoxification and elimination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), but a microorganism capable of coupling its growth to PCB dechlorination has not been isolated. Here we describe the isolation from sediment of an ultramicrobacterium, strain DF-1, which is capable of dechlorinating PCBs containing double-flanked chlorines added as single congeners or as Aroclor 1260 in contaminated soil. The isolate requires Desulfovibrio spp. in coculture or cell extract for growth on hydrogen and PCB in mineral medium. This is the first microorganism in pure culture demonstrated to grow by dehalorespiration with PCBs and the first isolate shown to dechlorinate weathered commercial mixtures of PCBs in historically contaminated sediments. The ability of this isolate to grow on PCBs in contaminated sediments represents a significant breakthrough for the development of in situ treatment strategies for this class of persistent organic pollutants.

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