scholarly journals Effectiveness of Liquid Soap and Hand Sanitizer against Norwalk Virus on Contaminated Hands

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengbo Liu ◽  
Yvonne Yuen ◽  
Hui-Mien Hsiao ◽  
Lee-Ann Jaykus ◽  
Christine Moe
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Norwalk Virus ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Reverse Transcription Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Rnase Treatment ◽  
American Society ◽  
Human Finger ◽  
Finger Pad

ABSTRACT Disinfection is an essential measure for interrupting human norovirus (HuNoV) transmission, but it is difficult to evaluate the efficacy of disinfectants due to the absence of a practicable cell culture system for these viruses. The purpose of this study was to screen sodium hypochlorite and ethanol for efficacy against Norwalk virus (NV) and expand the studies to evaluate the efficacy of antibacterial liquid soap and alcohol-based hand sanitizer for the inactivation of NV on human finger pads. Samples were tested by real-time reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) both with and without a prior RNase treatment. In suspension assay, sodium hypochlorite concentrations of ≥160 ppm effectively eliminated RT-qPCR detection signal, while ethanol, regardless of concentration, was relatively ineffective, giving at most a 0.5 log10 reduction in genomic copies of NV cDNA. Using the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard finger pad method and a modification thereof (with rubbing), we observed the greatest reduction in genomic copies of NV cDNA with the antibacterial liquid soap treatment (0.67 to 1.20 log10 reduction) and water rinse only (0.58 to 1.58 log10 reduction). The alcohol-based hand sanitizer was relatively ineffective, reducing the genomic copies of NV cDNA by only 0.14 to 0.34 log10 compared to baseline. Although the concentrations of genomic copies of NV cDNA were consistently lower on finger pad eluates pretreated with RNase compared to those without prior RNase treatment, these differences were not statistically significant. Despite the promise of alcohol-based sanitizers for the control of pathogen transmission, they may be relatively ineffective against the HuNoV, reinforcing the need to develop and evaluate new products against this important group of viruses.

scholarly journals Norovirus Infectivity in Humans and Persistence in Water

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (19) ◽  
pp. 6884-6888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scot R. Seitz ◽  
Juan S. Leon ◽  
Kellogg J. Schwab ◽  
G. Marshall Lyon ◽  
Melissa Dowd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Norwalk Virus ◽  
Human Norovirus ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Reverse Transcription Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Rnase Treatment ◽  
Time Point

ABSTRACTTo examine the long-term infectivity of human norovirus in water, 13 study subjects were challenged at different time points with groundwater spiked with the prototype human norovirus, Norwalk virus. Norwalk virus spiked in groundwater remained infectious after storage at room temperature in the dark for 61 days (the last time point tested). The Norwalk virus-seeded groundwater was stored for 1,266 days and analyzed, after RNase treatment, by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to detect Norwalk virus RNA contained within intact capsids. Norwalk virus RNA within intact capsids was detected in groundwater for 1,266 days, with no significant log10reduction throughout 427 days and a significant 1.10-log10reduction by day 1266. Purified Norwalk virus RNA (extracted from Norwalk virus virions) persisted for 14 days in groundwater, tap water, and reagent-grade water. This study demonstrates that Norwalk virus in groundwater can remain detectable for over 3 years and can remain infectious for at least 61 days. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00313404.)

A Comparison of Hand Washing Techniques To Remove Escherichia coli and Caliciviruses under Natural or Artificial Fingernails

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2296-2301 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIA-MIN LIN ◽  
FONE-MAO WU ◽  
HOI-KYUNG KIM ◽  
MICHAEL P. DOYLE ◽  
BARRY S. MICHAELS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Escherichia Coli Jm109 ◽  
Viral Indicators

Compared with other parts of the hand, the area beneath fingernails harbors the most microorganisms and is most difficult to clean. Artificial fingernails, which are usually long and polished, reportedly harbor higher microbial populations than natural nails. Hence, the efficacy of different hand washing methods for removing microbes from natural and artificial fingernails was evaluated. Strains of nonpathogenic Escherichia coli JM109 and feline calicivirus (FCV) strain F9 were used as bacterial and viral indicators, respectively. Volunteers with artificial or natural nails were artificially contaminated with ground beef containing E. coli JM109 or artificial feces containing FCV. Volunteers washed their hands with tap water, regular liquid soap, antibacterial liquid soap, alcohol-based hand sanitizer gel, regular liquid soap followed by alcohol gel, or regular liquid soap plus a nailbrush. The greatest reduction of inoculated microbial populations was obtained by washing with liquid soap plus a nailbrush, and the least reduction was obtained by rubbing hands with alcohol gel. Lower but not significantly different (P > 0.05) reductions of E. coli and FCV counts were obtained from beneath artificial than from natural fingernails. However, significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher E. coli and FCV counts were recovered from hands with artificial nails than from natural nails before and after hand washing. In addition, microbial cell numbers were correlated with fingernail length, with greater numbers beneath fingernails with longer nails. These results indicate that best practices for fingernail sanitation of food handlers are to maintain short fingernails and scrub fingernails with soap and a nailbrush when washing hands.

scholarly journals Diseminasi Hasil Riset Anti Mikroba Alami Berbasis Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Buah Menjadi Hand Sanitizer Di Sentra Industri Keripik Pisang

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-660
Author(s):  
Dewi Sartika ◽  
Susilawati ◽  
Neti Yuliana
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Process Waste ◽  
Dissemination Of Research

The Center for Home Industry chips on Bandar Lampung. The problem of this is the waste that has not been managed properly, the chip waste IRT waste in the form of fruit peels, leaves, fruit stalks, humps has the potential to be made of high-selling value products, diversification can be in the form of hand sanitizer products. The purpose of this activity is to solve the Partner's problem by disseminating research results in the form of transfer of waste treatment technology into a hand sanitizer. The method used is lectures and discussions on the dissemination of research results, assistance in processing wastewater into hand sanitizer products. The need for partners to process waste products into products that have value in the form of making herbal solid soap, followed by liquid soap, hand sanitizer, natural anti-microbial, feed making, composting and liquid fertilizer. The percentage increase in knowledge and understanding of the material after the service activities is the utilization of waste (40%), making feed (50%), making hand sanitizer (70%).

scholarly journals Laboratory Evidence of Norwalk Virus Contamination on the Hands of Infected Individuals

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (24) ◽  
pp. 7875-7881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengbo Liu ◽  
Blanca Escudero ◽  
Lee-Ann Jaykus ◽  
Julia Montes ◽  
Rebecca M. Goulter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
High Pressure Processing ◽  
Norwalk Virus ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Reverse Transcription Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Outbreak Investigations ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol Precipitation

ABSTRACTHuman norovirus (NoV) outbreak investigations suggest that the hands of infected individuals play an important role in NoV transmission. However, there is no experimental evidence documenting the likelihood and degree of NoV contamination on hands. As part of a clinical trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of high-pressure processing for Norwalk virus (NV) inactivation in oysters, 159 hand rinse samples were collected from 6 infected and 6 uninfected subjects. NV was concentrated from the samples by polyethylene glycol precipitation, followed by RNA extraction using an automated guanidinium isothiocyanate-silica method. NV RNA was detected and quantified using multiple NV-specific reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays. A total of 25.4% (18/71) of the hand rinse samples collected from 6 infected volunteers were presumptively positive for NV, with an average of 3.86 log10genomic equivalent copies (GEC) per hand. Dot blot hybridization of PCR products obtained using a different primer set, and DNA sequencing of selected amplicons, provided further confirmation of the presence of NV in the hand rinses. NV contamination was also detected in two hand rinse samples obtained from one uninfected subject. These findings provide definitive evidence of NV contamination on the hands of infected subjects observed under controlled clinical research conditions. Such data support the need for better hand hygiene strategies to prevent NoV transmission.

Friction mechanisms and abrasion of the human finger pad in contact with rough surfaces

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Derler ◽  
M. Preiswerk ◽  
G.-M. Rotaru ◽  
J.-P. Kaiser ◽  
R.M. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Friction Mechanisms ◽  
Rough Surfaces ◽  
Human Finger ◽  
Finger Pad

scholarly journals Morphology of a human finger pad during sliding against a grooved plate: A pilot study

Biotribology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 100114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zing Siang Lee ◽  
Raman Maiti ◽  
Matt J. Carré ◽  
Roger Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Human Finger ◽  
Finger Pad

Measures of Preventing Covid-19 Transmission

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1000-1007
Author(s):  
Anam Aiysha Quazi ◽  
Manoj patil
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Mass Gathering ◽  
Personal Protection ◽  
Surveillance Strategy ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Hand Sanitizer

Limiting the spread of coronavirus requires individual, social and international efforts. Even though the virus is highly contagious, simple measures like hand washing with Soap for 20 seconds or with alcohol-based Hand Sanitizer kills the virus. Masks act as a barrier to prevent inhalation of droplets. Similarly, gloves are also protective barriers, and these gears are called Personal Protective Equipment's (PPE). Though personal protection is essential, it is not enough. Hence, others measures are required like social distancing, quarantine facilities, prohibiting international as well as Local travelling, mandatory screening of suspected cases and screening those who have a recent travel history from a corona affected region. With the countries trying hard to recover the loss from the pandemic, The Schools, Colleges, Malls, Theatres, Religious places and all the places where mass gathering occurs are shut down. According to the 30th of June 2020, almost 10.1 million covid-19 cases are almost 50 thousand deaths. Indians are the Italians of Asia & vice versa & now it's among the countries leading with 2,15,239 cases of active & the number is still increasing. India adopted a multi prolonged surveillance strategy. Nowadays as unlock 1 is being proceeded in India commonly used in India is a Walk-Through disinfectant Tunnel for covid-19 prevention, it has 1% Sodium hypochlorite. From mask to gloves to PPE, all are protective barriers. Other measures: Quarantine, mandatory screening of recent travel history from a corona affected region, with the countries trying hard to recover the loss from the pandemic. Then recently WHO says that pandemic is from over as daily cases hit a record high with the countries trying hard to recover the loss from the pandemic & New Zealand ends and it's COVID free.

Optical coherence elastography for human finger-pad skin deformation studies

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuesong Hu ◽  
Raman Maiti ◽  
Joseph Boadi ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Matt J. Carré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Skin Deformation ◽  
Human Finger ◽  
Finger Pad

scholarly journals A narrative review on current duodenoscope reprocessing techniques and novel developments

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten Heuvelmans ◽  
Herman F. Wunderink ◽  
Henny C. van der Mei ◽  
Jan F. Monkelbaan
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Sampling Protocol ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
United States Food ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
American Society ◽  
High Level ◽  
American Society For Microbiology

AbstractDuodenoscopy-associated infections occur worldwide despite strict adherence to reprocessing standards. The exact scope of the problem remains unknown because a standardized sampling protocol and uniform sampling techniques are lacking. The currently available multi-society protocol for microbial culturing by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the American Society for Microbiology, published in 2018 is too laborious for broad clinical implementation. A more practical sampling protocol would result in increased accessibility and widespread implementation. This will aid to reduce the prevalence of duodenoscope contamination. To reduce the risk of duodenoscopy-associated pathogen transmission the FDA advised four supplemental reprocessing measures. These measures include double high-level disinfection, microbiological culturing and quarantine, ethylene oxide gas sterilization and liquid chemical sterilization. When the supplemental measures were advised in 2015 data evaluating their efficacy were sparse. Over the past five years data regarding the supplemental measures have become available that place the efficacy of the supplemental measures into context. As expected the advised supplemental measures have resulted in increased costs and reprocessing time. Unfortunately, it has also become clear that the efficacy of the supplemental measures falls short and that duodenoscope contamination remains a problem. There is a lot of research into new reprocessing methods and technical applications trying to solve the problem of duodenoscope contamination. Several promising developments such as single-use duodenoscopes, electrolyzed acidic water, and vaporized hydrogen peroxide plasma are already applied in a clinical setting.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document