scholarly journals Folate Production by Bifidobacteria as a Potential Probiotic Property

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pompei ◽  
Lisa Cordisco ◽  
Alberto Amaretti ◽  
Simona Zanoni ◽  
Diego Matteuzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Aminobenzoic Acid ◽  
Fecal Culture ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Acid Productivity ◽  
Folate Biosynthesis ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Colonic Environment ◽  
Probiotic Property

ABSTRACT The ability of 76 Bifidobacterium strains to produce folate was investigated. In order to evaluate folic acid productivity, bifidobacteria were cultivated in the folate-free semisynthetic medium SM7. Most of the tested strains needed folate for growth. The production and the extent of vitamin accumulation were not a function of species but were distinctive features of individual strains. Six strains among the 17 that grew without folate produced significantly higher concentrations of vitamin (between 41 and 82 ng ml−1). The effects of exogenous folate and p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) concentrations on folate production were evaluated. In contrast to most of the other strains, the folate yield of B. adolescentis MB 239 was not negatively affected by either PABA or exogenous folic acid. Folate production by B. adolescentis MB 239 was studied in the pH range of the colonic environment, and a comparison of folate production on raffinose, lactose, and fructo-oligosaccharides, which belong to three important groups of fermentable intestinal carbon sources, was established. Differences in folate biosynthesis by B. adolescentis MB 239 were not observed as a function either of the pH or of the carbon source. Fecal culture experiments demonstrated that the addition of B. adolescentis MB 239 may increase the folate concentration in the colonic environment.

Kallotenue papyrolyticum gen. nov., sp. nov., a cellulolytic and filamentous thermophile that represents a novel lineage (Kallotenuales ord. nov., Kallotenuaceae fam. nov.) within the class Chloroflexia

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_12) ◽  
pp. 4675-4682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica K. Cole ◽  
Brandon A. Gieler ◽  
Devon L. Heisler ◽  
Maryknoll M. Palisoc ◽  
Amanda J. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Casamino Acids ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Dense Liquid ◽  
Cellulose Filter

Several closely related, thermophilic and cellulolytic bacterial strains, designated JKG1T, JKG2, JKG3, JKG4 and JKG5, were isolated from a cellulolytic enrichment (corn stover) incubated in the water column of Great Boiling Spring, NV. Strain JKG1T had cells of diameter 0.7–0.9 µm and length ~2.0 µm that formed non-branched, multicellular filaments reaching >300 µm. Spores were not formed and dense liquid cultures were red. The temperature range for growth was 45–65 °C, with an optimum of 55 °C. The pH range for growth was pH 5.6–9.0, with an optimum of pH 7.5. JKG1T grew as an aerobic heterotroph, utilizing glucose, sucrose, xylose, arabinose, cellobiose, CM-cellulose, filter paper, microcrystalline cellulose, xylan, starch, Casamino acids, tryptone, peptone, yeast extract, acetate, citrate, lactate, pyruvate and glycerol as sole carbon sources, and was not observed to photosynthesize. The cells stained Gram-negative. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the new isolates in the class Chloroflexia , but distant from other cultivated members, with the highest sequence identity of 82.5 % to Roseiflexus castenholzii . The major quinone was menaquinone-9; no ubiquinones were detected. The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were C18 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C18 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 0. The peptidoglycan amino acids were alanine, ornithine, glutamic acid, serine and asparagine. Whole-cell sugars included mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, ribose, arabinose and xylose. Morphological, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results suggest that JKG1T is representative of a new lineage within the class Chloroflexia , which we propose to designate Kallotenue papyrolyticum gen. nov., sp. nov., Kallotenuaceae fam. nov., Kallotenuales ord. nov. The type strain of Kallotenue papyrolyticum gen. nov., sp. nov. is JKG1T ( = DSM 26889T = JCM 19132T).

scholarly journals Halomonas indalinina sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a solar saltern in Cabo de Gata, Almería, southern Spain

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Cabrera ◽  
Margarita Aguilera ◽  
Susana Fuentes ◽  
Claudia Incerti ◽  
Nick J. Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Solar Saltern ◽  
Moderately Halophilic ◽  
Moderately Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Wildlife Reserve

A moderately halophilic bacterium, strain CG2.1T, isolated from a solar saltern at Cabo de Gata, a wildlife reserve located in the province of Almería, southern Spain, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. This organism was an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative rod that produced orange-pigmented colonies. Strain CG2.1T was able to grow at salinities of 3–25 % (w/v) and at temperatures of 15–40 °C. The pH range for growth was 5–9. Strain CG2.1T was a heterotroph capable of utilizing various carbohydrates as carbon sources. The organism reduced nitrate and showed phenylalanine deaminase activity. The major fatty acids were C18 : 1 ω7c, C16 : 0 and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. The DNA G+C content was 60.9 mol%. On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain CG2.1T appeared to be a member of the genus Halomonas and clustered closely with Halomonas marisflavi (97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). However, the level of DNA–DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and the most closely related Halomonas species was low. On the basis of these data, strain CG2.1T represents a novel member of the genus Halomonas, for which the name Halomonas indalinina is proposed. The type strain is CG2.1T (=CECT 5902T=LMG 23625T).

scholarly journals De novo biosynthesis of paracetamol from glucose by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daoyi Guo ◽  
Xiao Fu ◽  
Sijia Kong ◽  
Yue Sun ◽  
Hong Pan
Keyword(s):  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cell Factory ◽  
Aminobenzoic Acid ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Renewable Sugars ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background: Paracetamol is among the most commonly used of all medications, widely accepted as a safe and effective analgesic/antipyretic for mild-to-moderate pain and fever. The biosynthesis of paracetamol from renewable sugars has not been reported so far, due to the lack of natural biosynthetic pathways. Results: In this study, we demonstrated for the first time the development of an E. coli cell factory for production of paracetamol from glucose. First, p-aminobenzoic acid, an intermediate of folic acid in microorganism, is selected as precursor substrates for the production of paracetamol. Second, a monooxygenase MNX1 from Candida parapsilosis CBS604 that can efficiently catalyze the decarboxylation and hydroxylation of p-aminobenzoic acid into corresponding p-aminophenol and another N-acetyltransferase PANAT from Pseudomonas aeruginosa that can efficiently catalyze the esterification of acetyl-CoA and p-aminophenol to form paracetamol were discovered. Finally, an engineered E. coli that allows production of paracetamol from simple carbon sources was established. Conclusions: The present study opens up a new direction for engineering microbial production of paracetamol from cheap and readily-available renewable raw materials such as sugars and cellulose in the future.

Spectrophotometric Determination of p-aminobenzoic acid via Diazotization and Coupling reaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 5313-5318
Author(s):  
Rana S. Al-Saffar ◽  
Safaa A. Zakaria ◽  
Nabeel S. Othman
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Good Sensitivity ◽  
Aminobenzoic Acid

A simple and accurate spectrophotometric method to assay p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) has been suggested. The method based on the diazotization of PABA via reaction with nitrite ions which liberated in the medium through the reaction of sodium nitrite with hydrochloric acid, then coupling the dizotised-PABA(D-PABA)with 1-naphthylamine -7-sulphonic acid (1-NASA) to form an intense colored pink azo dye ,it is water-soluble , very stable and has a maximum absorbance at 525 nm. The absorbance was increase with the increasing of PABA amounts in the solution, and the linearity from 2.5 to70 µg in 10 ml (0.25to7 µg.ml-1).The molar absorptivity and Sandell ҆s sensitivity values have been calculated they equal to 3.6057x104 L.mol-1 cm -1 and 0.0037993 µg. cm-2 respectively. The two values above demonstrated a good sensitivity of the suggested method. The method has been used in estimated PABA resulted from analysis of folic acid in tablet.

Extracellular constitutive production of pullulan-hydrolysing activity by Sclerotium rolfsii

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemant S. Kelkar ◽  
Anil H. Lachke ◽  
Mukund V. Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Native Enzyme ◽  
Specific Viscosity ◽  
Constitutive Production ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Steep Liquor

Extracellular constitutive pullulan-hydrolysing activity was detected in Sclerotium rolfsii (1.05 μmol glucose equivalents liberated∙mL−1∙min−1) when cultivated in a synthetic medium containing starch as the carbon source. The influence of various inorganic nitrogen and carbon sources, surfactants, and organic supplements on the production of pullulan-hydrolysing activity was studied. In an optimized medium supplemented with 1% corn steep liquor, increased yields of enzyme activity (1.8 μmol∙mL−1∙min−1) were obtained. The enzyme was most active at pH 4.2 and was stable in the pH range of 3.5–5.5. The optimum temperature for pullulan hydrolysis was 50 °C and the activity was stable in the temperature range of 25–60 °C at pH 4.2 for 30 min. The Ea for the native enzyme from the Arrhenius plot with pullulan as a substrate was 22.6 kJ∙mol−1. The Km value for the native enzyme with pullulan as a substrate was 8.33 mg∙mL−1. The enzyme did not produce glucose or maltose from pullulan. Inability of the enzyme to rapidly decrease the specific viscosity (ηsp) of a 1% pullulan solution indicated susceptibility of α-(1 → 6) and not α-(1 → 4) linkages.

Enzymic characterization of Bacillus subtilis GTP cyclohydrolase I. Evidence for a chemical dephosphorylation of dihydroneopterin triphosphate

1995 ◽  
Vol 306 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
A De Saizieu ◽  
P Vankan ◽  
A P GM van Loon
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Gtp Cyclohydrolase I ◽  
Gtp Cyclohydrolase ◽  
Folate Biosynthesis

GTP cyclohydrolase I catalyses the first committing step in the biosynthesis of the pterin moiety of folic acid: conversion of GTP to dihydroneopterin triphosphate. GTP cyclohydrolase I of Bacillus subtilis was purified to homogeneity and shown to have a homo-octameric structure. The enzyme had an apparent Km for GTP of 4 microM and, in the absence of cations, a Vmax. of 80 nmol/min per mg of protein. K+ ions moderately increased its Vmax., whereas UTP and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions drastically increased its Km for GTP. Dihydrofolate and other products of the folate and tetrahydrobiopterin pathways did not inhibit GTP cyclohydrolase I. In addition to their effect on the enzyme activity, Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions catalysed the chemical dephosphorylation of dihydroneopterin triphosphate to non-cyclic dihydroneopterin monophosphate, the substrate for the phosphomonoesterase reaction in folate biosynthesis. This dephosphorylation was specific and did not require the action of a phosphatase. We suggest a physiological role for Ca2+ ions and UTP in regulation of folate biosynthesis at the levels of GTP cyclohydrolase I and dephosphorylation of dihydroneopterin triphosphate.

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