scholarly journals Case-Control Study To Determine whether River Water Can Spread Tetracycline Resistance to Unexposed Impala (Aepyceros melampus) in Kruger National Park (South Africa)

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mariano ◽  
C. M. E. McCrindle ◽  
B. Cenci-Goga ◽  
J. A. Picard
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
National Park ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Aepyceros Melampus

ABSTRACT A case-control study was performed in the Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa, to find out whether impala (Aepyceros melampus) were more likely to harbor tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli (TREC) in their feces when they drank from rivers that contained these bacteria than when they drank from rivers that were uncontaminated with TREC. The following five perennial rivers were selected: the Crocodile, the Letaba, the Olifants, the Sabie, and the Sand. Samples of river water (n = 33) and feces (n = 209), collected at 11 different sites, were cultured for E. coli. The resulting colonies were screened for tetracycline resistance by use of the Lederberg replica plating method (breakpoint, 4 mg/liter). A resistant and/or a susceptible isolate was then selected from each sample and subjected to the CLSI MIC broth microdilution test for tetracyclines. Among the 21 water specimens contaminated by E. coli, 19.05% (n = 4) were found to be resistant by the MIC method (breakpoint, ≥8 mg/liter). This led to the Crocodile, Olifants, and Letaba rivers being classified as TREC positive. Among the 209 impala feces sampled, 191 were positive for the presence of E. coli (91.38%). Within these (n = 191), 9.95% (n = 19) of the isolates were shown to be TREC by the MIC method. It was found that 1.11% (n = 1) of the E. coli isolates cultured from the feces of the control group (n = 90) were TREC, in comparison with 17.82% (n = 18) of those in feces from the exposed group (n = 101). The calculation of the odds ratio showed that impala drinking from TREC-contaminated rivers were 19.3 (2.63 to 141.69) times more likely to be infected with TREC than were unexposed impala. This is a significant finding, indicating that surface water could be a possible source of antimicrobial resistance in na�ve animal populations and that impala could act as sentinels for antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Visitation patterns of principal species of the insect-complex at carcasses in the Kruger National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E.O Braack
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Principal Species ◽  
Aepyceros Melampus

Two full-grown impala rams Aepyceros melampus were shot on 1978.01.07 in the Pafuri area of the Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa. The carcasses were placed in enclosures 2,7 km apart and used to monitor the visitation patterns of insects. Collections of insects were made at four-hourly intervals for the first six days after placement of the carcasses, and thereafter every six hours up to the eleventh and final day. A figure is given to describe changes in the physical attributes of the carcasses through time. Twelve figures depict the patterns of arrival of insects at the carrion habitat. Species from the following families are represented: Cleridae, Dermestidae, Histeridae, Scarabaeidae, Silphidae, Staphylinidae, Trogidae (Coleoptera); Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Piophilidae, Sepsidae (Diptera); Diapriidae and Formicidae (Hymenoptera). The results indicate that species have distinctive periods of abundance and presents an overall picture of insect succession at carrion.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak linked to salami, British Columbia, Canada, 1999

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. MacDONALD ◽  
M. FYFE ◽  
A. PACCAGNELLA ◽  
A. TRINIDAD ◽  
K. LOUIE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Pfge Pattern ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

An outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections was identified in November 1999 with a fivefold increase in the occurrence of laboratory-confirmed cases of E. coli O157:H7 infection. A matched case-control study was conducted. Samples of food from cases and from retailers were analysed for the presence of E. coli O157:H7. A total of 143 cases were identified over a 12-week period with the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern. The case-control study found that Company A salami was significantly associated with illness (Mantel–Haenszel matched odds ratio 10·0, 95% CI 1·4–434, P=0·01). Company A salami tested positive for E. coli O157:H7 and isolates had the same PFGE pattern as case isolates. An immediate voluntary national recall of Company A dry fermented meat products took place. Findings from the investigation of this outbreak suggest that the hold-and-test option may not be adequate to prevent shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) infection in salami consumers.

scholarly journals A comparison of two multiplex-PCR assays for the diagnosis of traveller’s diarrhoea

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frieder Schaumburg ◽  
Neele Froböse ◽  
Robin Köck
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Test Target ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Traveller’S Diarrhoea ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Numerous multiplex-PCR assays are now available in routine diagnostics but their clinical value is controversial if a clear association between clinical symptoms and the detection of a particular pathogen is missing. The objective of this work was to evaluate a multiplex-PCR assay for the diagnosis of traveller’s diarrhoea (TD) in a case-control study and to assess the concordance with the BioFire® FilmArray® Gastrointestinal Panel. Methods Stool samples from cases (n = 61) and controls (n = 30) were collected during travel and analysed by the GI-EB Screening assay (Seegene) in a case-control study. The concordance with the BioFire® FilmArray® Gastrointestinal Panel was expressed as the proportion of participants in which both tests agreed in the category “detected” and “not detected”. Results None of the test-target organisms (Campylobacter spp., Clostridioides difficile toxin A/B, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp./enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, E. coli O157, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, Yersinia enterocolitica) was significantly associated with TD GI-EB Screening assay. The GI-EB Screening assay had an agreement with the BioFire® FilmArray® of 86.8–100%. Conclusion The selection of test-target organisms included in the GI-EB Screening assay appears inappropriate for the diagnostic work-up of TD as none of the detected pathogens was associated with TD. The GI-EB Screening assay had a good concordance with BioFire® FilmArray®.

HIV risk after release from prison: a pilot case-control study in Canada, France, Ivory Coast and South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyne Vallières ◽  
Karl Peltzer ◽  
Rémi Dongo Kouabenan ◽  
Denis Dagou Koménan ◽  
Sid Abdellaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Release From Prison

scholarly journals Hemodynamic consequences of intravenously given E. coli suspension: observations in a fulminant sepsis model in pigs, a descriptive case–control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariann Berhés ◽  
Norbert Németh ◽  
Katalin Pető ◽  
Ádám Deák ◽  
Endre Hajdú ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sepsis Model ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals The role of reproductive coercion in women’s risk for HIV: A case‐control study of outpatients in Gauteng, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-382
Author(s):  
Laura Ann McCloskey ◽  
Sonia Hitchcock ◽  
Irma Eloff ◽  
Paul Dinh ◽  
Khomotso Masemola
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Reproductive Coercion ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Case-control study of mesothelioma in South Africa

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rees ◽  
Jonny E. Myers ◽  
Kim Goodman ◽  
Elize Fourie ◽  
Charlm� Blignaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Infection with Escherichia coli in Nursing Home Residents Colonized with Fluoroquinolone-Resistant E. coli

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Manning ◽  
Ebbing Lautenbach ◽  
Pam Tolomeo ◽  
Jennifer H. Han
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Urinary Catheter ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Clinical Infection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Control Study

A case-control study to determine risk factors for clinical infection with Escherichia coli was conducted among nursing home residents colonized with fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli. Among 94 subjects, 11 (12%) developed infections with E. coli. Risk factors included the presence of a urinary catheter or tracheostomy, diabetes mellitus, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole exposure.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–3

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