scholarly journals Variations among Viruses in Influent Water and Effluent Water at a Wastewater Plant over One Year as Assessed by Quantitative PCR and Metagenomics

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Julianna Neyvaldt ◽  
Lucica Enache ◽  
Per Sikora ◽  
Ann Mattsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Aichi Virus ◽  
Influent Wastewater

ABSTRACT Influent wastewater and effluent wastewater at the Rya treatment plant in Gothenburg, Sweden, were continuously monitored for enteric viruses by quantitative PCR (qPCR) during 1 year. Viruses in effluent wastewater were also identified by next-generation sequencing (NGS) in samples collected during spring, early summer, and winter. Samples of incoming wastewater were collected every second week. Seasonal variations in viral concentrations in incoming wastewater were found for noroviruses GII, sapovirus, rotavirus, parechovirus, and astrovirus. Norovirus GI and GIV and Aichi virus were present in various amounts during most weeks throughout the year, while hepatitis A virus, enterovirus, and adenovirus were identified less frequently. Fluctuations in viral concentrations in incoming wastewater were related to the number of diagnosed patients. The viruses were also detected in treated wastewater, however, with a 3- to 6-log10 reduction in concentration. Seven different hepatitis E virus (HEV) strains were identified in the effluents. Five of these strains belonged to genotype 3 and have been isolated in Sweden from swine, wild boars, and humans and in drinking water. The other two strains were divergent and had not been identified previously. They were similar to strains infecting rats and humans. Surveillance of enteric viruses in wastewater is a tool for early detection and follow-up of gastroenteritis outbreaks in society and for the identification of new viruses that can cause infection in humans. IMPORTANCE Both influent wastewater and treated wastewater at a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) contain a high variety of human viral pathogens with seasonal variability when followed for 1 year. The peak of the amount of 11 different viruses in the inlet wastewater preceded the peak of the number of diagnosed patients by 2 to 4 weeks. The treatment of wastewater reduced viral concentrations by 3 to 6 log10. Despite the treatment of wastewater, up to 5 log10 virus particles per liter were released from into the surrounding river. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) strains previously identified in drinking water and two new strains, similar to those infecting rats and humans, were identified in the treated wastewater released from the WWTP.

scholarly journals Detection of Hepatitis A Virus and Other Enteric Viruses in Shellfish Collected in the Gulf of Naples, Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Fusco ◽  
Aniello Anastasio ◽  
David H. Kingsley ◽  
Maria Grazia Amoroso ◽  
Tiziana Pepe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Bivalve Mollusks ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Gulf Of Naples ◽  
Shellfish Farms

To assess the quality of shellfish harvest areas, bivalve mollusk samples from three coastal areas of the Campania region in Southwest Italy were evaluated for viruses over a three-year period (2015–2017). Screening of 289 samples from shellfish farms and other locations by qPCR and RT-qPCR identified hepatitis A virus (HAV; 8.9%), norovirus GI (NoVGI; 10.8%) and GII (NoVGII; 39.7%), rotavirus (RV; 9.0%), astrovirus (AsV; 20.8%), sapovirus (SaV; 18.8%), aichivirus-1 (AiV-1; 5.6%), and adenovirus (AdV, 5.6%). Hepatitis E virus (HEV) was never detected. Sequence analysis identified HAV as genotype IA and AdV as type 41. This study demonstrates the presence of different enteric viruses within bivalve mollusks, highlighting the limitations of the current EU classification system for shellfish growing waters.

Distribution of Human Polyoma- viruses, Adenoviruses, and Hepatitis E Virus in the Environment and in a Drinking-Water Treatment Plant†

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (23) ◽  
pp. 7416-7422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor Albinana-Gimenez ◽  
Pilar Clemente-Casares ◽  
Silvia Bofill-Mas ◽  
Ayalkibet Hundesa ◽  
Ferran Ribas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment Plant

scholarly journals Detection of Enteric Viruses and Bacterial Indicators in a Sewage Treatment Center and Shallow Water Bay

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6483
Author(s):  
Essam M. Janahi ◽  
Sakina Mustafa ◽  
Saba F. D. Parkar ◽  
Humood A. Naser ◽  
Zaki M. Eisa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
E Coli

The incidence of enteric viruses in treated wastewater and their potential release into the environment or use for agriculture are very critical matters in public health. In our study, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) analysis of enteric viruses was performed on 59 samples of influents and effluents collected from Tubli wastewater treatment plant (Water Pollution Control Center (WPCC)) and Tubli Bay, where the effluents were discharged, in Kingdom of Bahrain during two sampling periods. Four clinically essential waterborne enteric viruses were examined: enterovirus (EV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), astroviruses (AV), and rotaviruses (RV) and compared to standard bacterial and bacteriophages indicators of fecal pollution. Detection rates of EV, AV, HAV, and RV in the influent samples were 100%, 75%, 12.5%, and 12.5%, respectively, while 50% of the effluent samples from Tubli WPCC contained only EV RNA. None of the tested enteric viruses could be detected in any of the samples collected directly from Tubli Bay. Effluent samples from Tubli plant did not show significant seasonal differences. Since detection of enteric viruses genome does not necessarily indicate infectivity, the infectivity of these viruses was evaluated through isolation and growth of indictor bacteria and bacteriophages. High concentration of fecal bacteriological indicators was detected in all effluents samples (100%): 3.20 × 103 cfu/mL for E. coli, 1.32 × 103 cfu/mL for Salmonella spp., and 1.92 × 103 cfu/mL for Shigella spp. E. coli and Salmonella specific bacteriophages were also detected in the effluent samples in high titers. The combined results of PCR and bacterial enumeration point to a probable public health risk via the use of these wastewaters in agriculture or their discharge into the sea. Continuous surveillance of viral and bacterial prevalence and their resistance to sewage disinfection procedures could contribute to a better control of risks associated with the recycling of effluent wastewater and its release into the environment.

scholarly journals Occurrence of water-borne enteric viruses in two settlements based in Eastern Chad: analysis of hepatitis E virus, hepatitis A virus and human adenovirus in water sources

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Guerrero-Latorre ◽  
Anna Carratala ◽  
Jesus Rodriguez-Manzano ◽  
Byron Calgua ◽  
Ayalkibet Hundesa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Human Adenoviruses ◽  
Water Borne

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common cause of water-borne acute hepatitis in areas with poor sanitation. In 2004 an outbreak of HEV infection affected around 2,000 people in Eastern Chad (Dar Sila). This paper describes the decrease in the incidence of acute jaundice syndrome (AJS) from 2004 until 2009 when a mean incidence of 0.48 cases/1,000 people/year was recorded in the region. Outbreaks of AJS were identified in some of the camps in 2007 and 2008. Moreover, water samples from drinking water sources were screened for human adenoviruses considered as viral indicators and for hepatitis A virus and HEV. Screening of faecal samples from donkeys for HEV gave negative results. Some of the samples were also analysed for faecal coliforms showing values before disinfection treatment between 3 and >50 colony forming units per 100 mL. All water samples tested were negative for HEV and HAV; however, the presence of low levels of human adenoviruses in 4 out of 16 samples analysed indicates possible human faecal contamination of groundwater. Consequently, breakdowns in the treatment of drinking water and/or increased excretion of hepatitis viruses, which could be related to the arrival of a new population, could spread future outbreaks through drinking water.

Human enteric viruses in Coquina clams associated with a large hepatitis A outbreak

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bosch ◽  
G. Sánchez ◽  
F. Le Guyader ◽  
H. Vanaclocha ◽  
L. Haugarreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Single Genotype ◽  
Human Enteric Viruses

An outbreak of hepatitis A, affecting 183 people, occurred in Valencia (Spain). Epidemiological evidence pointed to an association of the outbreak with consumption of Coquina clams (Donax sp), imported frozen from Peru. Shellfish were analysed for the presence of hepatitis A virus (HAV), enteroviruses, rotaviruses, astroviruses, caliciviruses and hepatitis E virus. HAV was detected in 75% of assayed shellfish samples. Other enteric viruses were occasionally found in the same samples. Molecular epidemiological analysis of fragments of the VP1/2A and the 5' end of the genome from shellfish and sera isolates, revealed the presence of six variants belonging to a single genotype.

Does infection with hepatitis A virus provide protection against hepatitis E virus?

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-339
Author(s):  
Sameer A Syed ◽  
Arif R Sarwari ◽  
Raymond A Smego ◽  
Saeed Hamid ◽  
Tayyabun Nissa
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E

scholarly journals Incidence of hepatitis A and hepatitis E viruses and norovirus and rotavirus in fish and shrimp samples caught from the Persian Gulf

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
M. Alipour Amroabadi ◽  
E. Rahimi ◽  
A. Shakerian ◽  
H. Momtaz
Keyword(s):  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Foodborne Viruses ◽  
Scomberomorus Commerson ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Autumn And Winter

ABSTRACT Foodborne viruses including hepatitis A virus (HAV), norovirus (NoV), rotavirus (RoV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are easily transmitted through contaminated seafoods. The current research was done to assess the incidence of RoV, NoV GI and GII,hAV and hEV in fish and shrimp samples caught from the Persian Gulf, Iran. Three-hundred and twenty fish and shrimp samples were collected. The presence of foodborne viruses were assessed by the real-time PCR. Forty-nine out of 320 (15.31%) fish and shrimp samples were positive for foodborne viruses. Distribution of hAV, NoV GI and NoV GII amongst all studied samples were 0.93%, 5.93% and 8.43%, respectively. hEV and RoV viruses were not found in studied samples. Parastromateus niger and Scomberomorus commerson fish and Penaeus monodon shrimp were the most frequently contaminated samples. Simultaneous incidence of hAV and NoV GI and hAV and NoV GII were 0.31% and 0.93%, respectively. Distribution of foodborne viruses in samples collected through spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons were 14.28%, 9.33%, 11.76% and 24.44%, respectively. Findings revealed that the incidence of foodborne viruses was significantly associated with seafood species and also season of sampling.

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