scholarly journals Effects of Swine Manure on Macrolide, Lincosamide, and Streptogramin B Antimicrobial Resistance in Soils

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 2218-2224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Zhou ◽  
Lutgarde Raskin ◽  
Julie L. Zilles
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

ABSTRACT Current agricultural practices involve inclusion of antimicrobials in animal feed and result in manure containing antimicrobials and antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. This work evaluated the effects of land application of swine manure on the levels of tetracycline, macrolide, and lincosamide antimicrobials and on macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance in field soil samples and laboratory soil batch tests. MLSB and tetracycline antimicrobials were quantified after solid-phase extraction using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The prevalence of the ribosomal modification responsible for MLSB resistance in the same samples was quantified using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Macrolide antimicrobials were not detected in soil samples, while tetracyclines were detected, suggesting that the latter compounds persist in soil. No significant differences in ribosomal methylation or presumed MLSB resistance were observed when amended and unamended field soils were compared, although a transient (<20-day) increase was observed in most batch tests. Clostridium cluster XIVa accounted for the largest fraction of resistant bacteria identified in amended soils. Overall, this study did not detect a persistent increase in the prevalence of MLSB resistance due to land application of treated swine manure.

scholarly journals Copper content and distribution in vineyard soils from Betanzos (A Coruña, Spain)

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antía Gómez-Armesto ◽  
Jéssica Carballeira-Díaz ◽  
Paula Pérez-Rodríguez ◽  
David Fernández-Calviño ◽  
Manuel Arias-Estévez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Sustained Use ◽  
Vineyard Soils

The sustained use of cupric compounds in grape production has contributed to a pronounced Cu accumulation in vineyard soils. We studied 32 surface (0-20 cm) vineyard soil samples from the Atlantic-influenced NW Iberian Peninsula, in order to assess the Cu levels in these soils. The total Cu (CuT) contents were high and variable (between 63-730 mg kg-1), similar to those previously found in the Ribeira Sacra and O Ribeiro denominations of origin, which were until now the areas with the highest CuT concentrations detected in vineyard soils of the NW Iberian Peninsula. Most Cu in the solid phase of the soil was bound to organic matter (18-373 mg kg-1), contrary to what happens in natural soils or with elements from natural sources, such as Zn, for which the residual fraction is quantitatively the most important. The exchangeable Cu fraction was the fraction that showed the highest geochemical mobility and its variance in the studied soils was mainly related to CuT and, secondly, to exchangeable Ca levels. The results of fractionation were clearly different from those of Zn, an element with a mainly natural origin, which was characterized by a dominant residual fraction. Finally, agricultural practices aimed at maintaining or increasing the amount of organic matter in vineyard soils should be encouraged, due to its role in decreasing the eventual toxic effects of high Cu levels both on plants and on soil microorganisms.

scholarly journals Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction and in Situ Derivatization for Determining Phytohormones and in Oilseeds by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhoufei Luo ◽  
Mengwei Xu ◽  
Ruozhong Wang ◽  
Xiubing Liu ◽  
Langtao Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Magnetic Solid

Abstract Background: Phytohormones are a group of naturally occurring signaling molecules which influence physiological processes of oil crops. Simultaneous determination of multiple phytohormones in oilseeds is still a challenge due to their trace concentrations, species diversity, and lipid interference. Therefore, a simple and selective method for the simultaneous determination of multiple phytohormones in oilseeds is urgently needed.Results: In this study, the Fe3O4@Ti3C2@β-CD nanoparticles were successfully synthesized and used for the first time as an adsorbent for the magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction of phytohormones from oilseeds. The magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction and in situ derivation by the addition of N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) were ingeniously combined. This efficient pre-treatment method integrated the extraction, purification, and derivatization processes into one single step. Several parameters affecting the efficiency of extraction and derivatization were evaluated. Under the optimized analysis conditions, satisfactory methodological performance was achieved. High linearities (R2 > 0.9928) at three spiked levels, as well as the low matrix effect (ranged from ­16.63 % to 17.06 %) and limits of detection (0.89-13.62 pg/mL) were also obtained. The intra and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 13.7 % and 11.6 %, respectively. The recoveries were ranged from 80.4 % to 115.1 %. This method was successfully employed for analyzing 12 phytohormones in different oilseeds samples.Conclusion: A simple and sensitive method based on the magnetic solid phase extraction integrated with in situ derivations for the profiling of 12 phytohormones, including 9 gibberellins (GAs), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and jasmonic acid (JA) in a single rapeseed seed was developed by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).

scholarly journals Occurrence of Antibiotics and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Landfill Sites in Kumasi, Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Sheringham Borquaye ◽  
Edmund Ekuadzi ◽  
Godfred Darko ◽  
Hubert Senanu Ahor ◽  
Sarah Twumwah Nsiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Landfill Sites ◽  
Global Health Care ◽  
High Concentrations

The incidence of antimicrobial resistance among microbial communities is a major threat to global health care and security. Landfills, which are reservoirs for many pharmaceuticals, provide a conducive habitat for antimicrobial-resistant microbes and resistant gene transfer and are therefore a major contributor to the phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance. Hence, this study determined the levels of three widely used antibiotics, metronidazole, penicillin, and amoxicillin, and the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance amongst microbes in soil and leachate samples from active and abandoned landfill sites in Kumasi, Ghana. Soil samples were collected from one active and four abandoned landfills, while leachate specimen was collected only from the active landfill. Sonication and solid-phase extraction (SPE) were used for sample preparation, followed by analysis via an HPLC-PDA method. Isolation and characterization of bacteria were done using standard bacteriological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was determined following the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines. Antibiotics were detected at very high concentrations in the specimen collected from both active and abandoned landfill sites. For leachate samples obtained from Dompoase, penicillin was present at the highest concentration (67.42 ± 5.35 μg/mL, p<0.05) followed by metronidazole (18.25 ± 7.92 μg/mL) and amoxicillin (10.96 ± 6.93 μg/mL). In general, the levels of antibiotics in soil samples were similar at both active and abandoned landfill sites. Nonetheless, as with leachates, penicillin levels were much higher (p<0.05) than levels of amoxicillin and metronidazole within any particular site. When screened against some antibiotics, Enterobacteriaceae and some Bacillus and Listeria species isolated from the soil and leachate samples proved to be resistant. The high levels of antibiotics coupled with the presence of resistant microbes at these landfills sites call for immediate measures to halt the disposal of pharmaceuticals in the environment so as to avert any possible public health setback.

scholarly journals The proteome of the human endolymphatic sac endolymph

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Ölander ◽  
Jesper Edvardsson Rasmussen ◽  
Per Olof Eriksson ◽  
Göran Laurell ◽  
Helge Rask-Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Endolymphatic Sac ◽  
Molecular Function ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Nano Liquid Chromatography

AbstractThe endolymphatic sac (ES) is the third part of the inner ear, along with the cochlea and vestibular apparatus. A refined sampling technique was developed to analyse the proteomics of ES endolymph. With a tailored solid phase micro-extraction probe, five ES endolymph samples were collected, and six sac tissue biopsies were obtained in patients undergoing trans-labyrinthine surgery for sporadic vestibular schwannoma. The samples were analysed using nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) to identify the total number of proteins. Pathway identification regarding molecular function and protein class was presented. A total of 1656 non-redundant proteins were identified, with 1211 proteins detected in the ES endolymph. A total of 110 proteins were unique to the ES endolymph. The results from the study both validate a strategy for in vivo and in situ human sampling during surgery and may also form a platform for further investigations to better understand the function of this intriguing part of the inner ear.

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