scholarly journals Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonellae in Commercial Ground Beef in the United States

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1892-1900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Bosilevac ◽  
Michael N. Guerini ◽  
Norasak Kalchayanand ◽  
Mohammad Koohmaraie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibilities ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Common Serotypes

ABSTRACT Commercially produced ground beef samples (n = 4,136) were collected from seven regions of the United States over a 24-month period (July 2005 to June 2007) and analyzed for the presence of Salmonella enterica by using methods that concurrently provided total prevalence and enumerable levels. The overall prevalence of Salmonella strains was 4.2%. Enumeration showed that 94.2% were present at levels below 2 CFU/g. Regional monthly prevalences of Salmonella strains varied from 1.8% to 6.5% but were not statistically different (P > 0.05). All Salmonella isolates were serotyped and their antibiotic susceptibilities determined and analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The most common serotypes identified were Salmonella enterica serotypes Montevideo, Anatum, Muenster, and Mbandaka, with these accounting for one-half of the isolates obtained. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella was determined to be 0.6%. The most common MDR serotypes were Salmonella enterica serotypes Dublin, Reading, and Typhimurium. MDR strains had resistance to between 2 and 10 antibiotics. There were no regional differences in prevalence of MDR Salmonella. PFGE analysis revealed that indistinguishable XbaI and AvrII restriction digest patterns (RDPs) could be observed in isolates of the same serotype found in different regions and months of sampling. The RDPs of 19 Salmonella strains were compared to RDPs in the PulseNet USA database. Thirteen were indistinguishable from existing patterns, and the number of records for each ranged from 1 to 478. These data show that Salmonella prevalence in commercial ground beef is low and suggest that attempts to identify sources contributing to Salmonella in ground beef by serotype, antibiogram, and PFGE cannot be made without additional documented evidence.

scholarly journals Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Subspecies enterica 4,[5],12:i:- Sequence Type 34 between Europe and the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3034-3038
Author(s):  
Ehud Elnekave ◽  
Samuel L. Hong ◽  
Seunghyun Lim ◽  
Dave Boxrud ◽  
Albert Rovira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sequence Type

scholarly journals Outbreaks ofSalmonellainfections attributed to beef – United States, 1973–2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (9) ◽  
pp. 2003-2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. LAUFER ◽  
J. GRASS ◽  
K. HOLT ◽  
J. M. WHICHARD ◽  
P. M. GRIFFIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Foodborne Illnesses ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Commercial Processing ◽  
Inspection Service

SUMMARYNon-typhoidalSalmonellais estimated to be the most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the United States, causing an estimated one million domestically acquired foodborne illnesses annually. Recent, large outbreaks have highlighted the importance of ground beef as an important source of multidrug-resistantSalmonella. We analysed the epidemiology of salmonellosis outbreaks that were attributed to beef in the United States reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from 1973 to 2011. During 1973–2011, of the 1965 outbreaks ofSalmonellawhere a food vehicle was implicated, 96 were attributed to beef, accounting for 3684 illnesses. We observed a shift in the type of beef implicated in salmonellosis outbreaks, from roast to ground beef. Delicatessen-style roast beef cooked in commercial processing establishments was the predominant type during the 1970s and early 1980s; regulations on cooking and processing essentially eliminated this problem by 1987. Ground beef emerged as an important vehicle in the 2000s; it was implicated in 17 (45%) of the 38 beef-attributed outbreaks reported during 2002–2011. Although this emergence was likely due in part to increased participation in CDC's PulseNet, which was established in 1996, and proactive decisions by the United States Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service, stronger measures are needed to decrease contamination of ground beef withSalmonella.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Salmonella enterica Serotype Newport Isolates with Decreased Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. e00653-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Campbell ◽  
K. Tagg ◽  
A. Bicknese ◽  
A. McCullough ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chromosomal Mutations ◽  
Identification And Characterization

ABSTRACT Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) causes an estimated 1.2 million illnesses, 23,000 hospitalizations, and 450 deaths each year in the United States. Decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (DSC) has historically been associated with chromosomal mutations of the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR), but plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes are increasing. To investigate DSC among Salmonella enterica serotype Newport strains, we examined 40 isolates from 1996 to 2016 with DSC. Thirty isolates (71%) contained the PMQR gene qnrB and eight isolates (19%) contained a QRDR.

scholarly journals Genome Sequence of a Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Corvallis Strain Isolated from Human Blood

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (44) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily L. McCutchen ◽  
Madeline Galac ◽  
Curtis Kapsak ◽  
Steven H. Hinrichs ◽  
Peter C. Iwen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Avian Populations ◽  
By Products

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Corvallis is commonly reported in avian populations and avian by-products. We report the draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant S. Corvallis strain (NPHL 15376). To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of this serovar isolated from human blood in the United States.

scholarly journals Diversity of Multidrug-ResistantSalmonella entericaStrains Associated with Cattle at Harvest in the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1783-1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayna M. Brichta-Harhay ◽  
Terrance M. Arthur ◽  
Joseph M. Bosilevac ◽  
Norasak Kalchayanand ◽  
Steven D. Shackelford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Full Complement ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Carcass Contamination

ABSTRACTThe prevalence and diversity of multidrug-resistant (MDR)Salmonella entericastrains associated with cattle at harvest in the United States were examined. Hides and carcasses of cattle were sampled at processing plants (n= 6) located in four geographically distant regions from July 2005 to April 2006. The mean prevalences ofSalmonellaon hides, preevisceration carcasses (immediately after hide removal), and postintervention carcasses (in the chiller and after the full complement of interventions) were 89.6%, 50.2%, and 0.8%, respectively. The values for MDRSalmonella entericastrains (defined as those resistant to two or more antimicrobials) as percentages ofSalmonellaprevalence were 16.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.3 to 25.1%; median percent prevalence, 6.9%), 11.7% (95% CI, 4.4 to 19.0%; median, 4.8%), and 0.33% (95% CI, −0.3 to 0.70%; median, 0%), respectively. In this study, 16,218Salmonellahide and carcass isolates were screened for antimicrobial resistance. Of these, 978 (6.0%) unique MDRS. entericaisolates were identified and serotyped and their XbaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles determined. The predominant MDRS. entericaserotypes observed were Newport (53.1%), Typhimurium (16.6%), and Uganda (10.9%). Differences in MDRS. entericaprevalence were detected, and PFGE analysis revealed both epidemic clusters (profiles found in plants in multiple regions/seasons) and endemic clusters (profiles observed in plants in limited regions/seasons) within several of the MDR serotypes examined. Despite these differences, multiple-hurdle processing interventions employed at all plants were found to be quite effective and decreasedSalmonellacarcass contamination by 98.4% (95% CI, 97.6 to 99.7%).

scholarly journals Microbiological Characterization of Imported and Domestic Boneless Beef Trim Used for Ground Beef†

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH M. BOSILEVAC ◽  
MICHAEL N. GUERINI ◽  
DAYNA M. BRICHTA-HARHAY ◽  
TERRANCE M. ARTHUR ◽  
MOHAMMAD KOOHMARAIE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
The United States ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Uremic Syndrome ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

The United States imports lean boneless beef trim from Australia (AUS), New Zealand (NZL), and Uruguay (URY) to meet demand for ground beef production. The reported incidence of and etiological agents responsible for foodborne diseases differ between these countries and the United States. Our objective was to determine whether current U.S. microbiological profiling adequately addresses the potential differences between foreign and domestic beef trim. We compared the hygienic status of imported and domestic (USA) beef trim by enumeration of aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. We also compared the prevalence of pathogens between imported and domestic samples by screening for the presence of Salmonella, Campylobacter spp., Listeria spp., and non-O157 Shiga toxin–producing E. coli (STEC). A total of 1,186 samples (487 USA, 220 AUS, 223 NZL, and 256 URY) of boneless beef trim were analyzed. Results of enumeration revealed significant differences between samples from all countries, with the lowest pathogen numbers in samples from AUS and the highest in samples from URY. Six Salmonella isolates (1 NZL, 1 URY, and 4 USA), 79 L. monocytogenes isolates (4 AUS, 5 NZL, 53 URY, and 17 USA), and 7 Campylobacter isolates (1 NZL, 1 URY, 5 USA) were found among the trim samples tested. Non-O157 STEC prevalence was 10% in NZL samples and about 30% in all of the other samples; 99 STEC strains were isolated. Serotyping of these isolates revealed that serotypes associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome were not different in prevalence between imported and domestic beef trim. Although it may be tempting to do so, these data cannot be used to compare the microbiological quality of beef trim between the countries examined. However, these results indicate that the current pathogen monitoring procedures in the United States are adequate for evaluation of imported beef trim.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serotype Albert Isolates in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 2774-2779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason P. Folster ◽  
Davina Campbell ◽  
Julian Grass ◽  
Allison C. Brown ◽  
Amelia Bicknese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Resistance Plasmids

ABSTRACTSalmonella entericais one of the most common causes of bacterial foodborne illness in the United States. Although mostSalmonellainfections are self-limiting, antimicrobial treatment of invasive salmonellosis is critical. The primary antimicrobial treatment options include fluoroquinolones or extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and resistance to these antimicrobial drugs may complicate treatment. At present,S. entericais composed of more than 2,600 unique serotypes, which vary greatly in geographic prevalence, ecological niche, and the ability to cause human disease, and it is important to understand and mitigate the source of human infection, particularly when antimicrobial resistance is found. In this study, we identified and characterized 19S. entericaserotype Albert isolates collected from food animals, retail meat, and humans in the United States during 2005 to 2013. All five isolates from nonhuman sources were obtained from turkeys or ground turkey, and epidemiologic data suggest poultry consumption or live-poultry exposure as the probable source of infection.S. entericaserotype Albert also appears to be geographically localized to the midwestern United States. All 19 isolates displayed multidrug resistance, including decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Turkeys are a likely source of multidrug-resistantS. entericaserotype Albert, and circulation of resistance plasmids, as opposed to the expansion of a single resistant strain, is playing a role. More work is needed to understand why these resistance plasmids spread and how their presence and the serotype they reside in contribute to human disease.

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