scholarly journals Desiccation as a Long-Term Survival Mechanism for the Archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1473-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly L. Anderson ◽  
Ethel E. Apolinario ◽  
Kevin R. Sowers
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Methanosarcina Barkeri ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Protection Mechanisms

ABSTRACTViable methanogens have been detected in dry, aerobic environments such as dry reservoir sediment, dry rice paddies and aerobic desert soils, which suggests that methanogens have mechanisms for long-term survival in a desiccated state. In this study, we quantified the survival rates of the methanogenic archaeonMethanosarcina barkeriafter desiccation under conditions equivalent to the driest environments on Earth and subsequent exposure to different stress factors. There was no significant loss of viability after desiccation for 28 days for cells grown with either hydrogen or the methylotrophic substrates, but recovery was affected by growth phase, with cells desiccated during the stationary phase of growth having a higher rate of recovery after desiccation. Synthesis of methanosarcinal extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) significantly increased the viability of desiccated cells under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions compared with that of non-EPS-synthesizing cells. DesiccatedM. barkeriexposed to air at room temperature did not lose significant viability after 28 days, and exposure ofM. barkerito air after desiccation appeared to improve the recovery of viable cells compared with that of desiccated cells that were never exposed to air. DesiccatedM. barkeriwas more resistant to higher temperatures, and although resistance to oxidative conditions such as ozone and ionizing radiation was not as robust as in other desiccation-resistant microorganisms, the protection mechanisms are likely adequate to maintain cell viability during periodic exposure events. The results of this study demonstrate that after desiccationM. barkerihas the innate capability to survive extended periods of exposure to air and lethal temperatures.

scholarly journals Incidence, Predictors, and Impact of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Military Veterans

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuab Omer ◽  
Lorraine D. Cornwell ◽  
Ankur Bakshi ◽  
Eric Rachlin ◽  
Ourania Preventza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Military Veterans ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Bypass Grafting ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival

Little is known about the frequency and clinical implications of postoperative atrial fibrillation in military veterans who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We examined long-term survival data, clinical outcomes, and associated risk factors in this population. We retrospectively reviewed baseline, intraoperative, and postoperative data from 1,248 consecutive patients with similar baseline risk profiles who underwent primary isolated CABG at a Veterans Affairs hospital from October 2006 through March 2013. Multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of postoperative atrial fibrillation. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate long-term survival (the primary outcome measure), morbidity, and length of hospital stay. Postoperative atrial fibrillation occurred in 215 patients (17.2%). Independent predictors of this sequela were age ≥65 years (odds ratios [95% confidence intervals], 1.7 [1.3–2.4] for patients of age 65–75 yr and 2.6 [1.4–4.8] for patients >75 yr) and body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 (2.0 [1.2–3.2]). Length of stay was longer for patients with postoperative atrial fibrillation than for those without (12.7 ± 6.6 vs 10.3 ± 8.9 d; P ≤0.0001), and the respective 30-day mortality rate was higher (1.9% vs 0.4%; P=0.014). Seven-year survival rates did not differ significantly. Older and obese patients are particularly at risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation after CABG. Patients who develop the sequela have longer hospital stays than, but similar long-term survival rates to, patients who do not.

scholarly journals A New Aortic Arch Dissection Classification: The Fuwai Classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juntao Qiu ◽  
Xinjin Luo ◽  
Jinlin Wu ◽  
Wei Pan ◽  
Qian Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Innominate Artery ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Surgical Mortality ◽  
Left Carotid Artery ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival

Aims: We describe a new aortic arch dissection (AcD) classification, which we have called the Fuwai classification. We then compare the clinical characteristics and long-term prognoses of different classifications.Methods: All AcD patients who underwent surgical procedures at Fuwai Hospital from 2010 to 2015 were included in the study. AcD procedures are divided into three types: Fuwai type Cp, Ct, and Cd. Type Cp is defined as the innominate artery or combined with the left carotid artery involved. Type Cd is defined as the left subclavian artery or combined with the left carotid artery involved. All other AcD surgeries are defined as type Ct. The Chi-square test was adopted for the pairwise comparison among the three types. Kaplan-Meier was used for the analysis of long-term survival and survival free of reoperation.Results: In total, 1,063 AcD patients were enrolled from 2010 to 2015: 54 patients were type Cp, 832 were type Ct, and 177 were type Cd. The highest operation proportion of Cp, Ct and Cd were partial arch replacement, total arch replacement, and TEVAR. The surgical mortality in type Ct was higher compared to type Cd (Ct vs. Cd = 9.38 vs. 1.69%, p < 0.01) and type Cp (Ct vs. Cp = 9.38 vs. 1.85%, p = 0.06). There was no difference in surgical mortality of type Cp and Cd (p = 0.93). There were no significant differences in the long-term survival rates (p = 0.38) and free of aorta-related re-operations (p = 0.19).Conclusion: The Fuwai classification is used to distinguish different AcDs. Different AcDs have different surgical mortality and use different operation methods, but they have similar long-term results.

scholarly journals Genetic Alterations in Patients With Esophageal Cancer With Short- and Long-Term Survival Rates After Curative Esophagectomy

1997 ◽  
Vol 226 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Shimada ◽  
Masayuki Imamura ◽  
Ichio Shibagaki ◽  
Hisashi Tanaka ◽  
Tokiharu Miyahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Curative Esophagectomy

Prognostic selection and long-term survival analysis to assess overdiagnosis risk in lung cancer screening randomized trials

2020 ◽  
pp. 096914132092303
Author(s):  
Eugenio Paci ◽  
Donella Puliti ◽  
Francesca Maria Carozzi ◽  
Laura Carrozzi ◽  
Fabio Falaschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
And Control ◽  
Screening Trial

Objectives Overdiagnosis in low-dose computed tomography randomized screening trials varies from 0 to 67%. The National Lung Screening Trial (extended follow-up) and ITALUNG (Italian Lung Cancer Screening Trial) have reported cumulative incidence estimates at long-term follow-up showing low or no overdiagnosis. The Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial attributed the high overdiagnosis estimate to a likely selection for risk of the active arm. Here, we applied a method already used in benefit and overdiagnosis assessments to compute the long-term survival rates in the ITALUNG arms in order to confirm incidence-excess method assessment. Methods Subjects in the active arm were invited for four screening rounds, while controls were in usual care. Follow-up was extended to 11.3 years. Kaplan-Meyer 5- and 10-year survivals of “resected and early” (stage I or II and resected) and “unresected or late” (stage III or IV or not resected or unclassified) lung cancer cases were compared between arms. Results The updated ITALUNG control arm cumulative incidence rate was lower than in the active arm, but this was not statistically significant (RR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.67–1.18). A compensatory drop of late cases was observed after baseline screening. The proportion of “resected and early” cases was 38% and 19%, in the active and control arms, respectively. The 10-year survival rates were 64% and 60% in the active and control arms, respectively ( p = 0.689). The five-year survival rates for “unresected or late” cases were 10% and 7% in the active and control arms, respectively ( p = 0.679). Conclusions This long-term survival analysis, by prognostic categories, concluded against the long-term risk of overdiagnosis and contributed to revealing how screening works.

The influence of sex and the presence of giant cells on postoperative long-term survival in adult patients with supratentorial glioblastoma multiforme

2004 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Shinojima ◽  
Masato Kochi ◽  
Jun-Ichiro Hamada ◽  
Hideo Nakamura ◽  
Shigetoshi Yano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Free Interval ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains incurable by conventional treatments, although some patients experience long-term survival. A younger age, a higher Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score, more aggressive treatment, and long progression-free intervals have been reported to be positively associated with long-term postoperative patient survival. The aim of this retrospective study was the identification of additional favorable prognostic factors affecting long-term survival in surgically treated adult patients with supratentorial GBM. Methods. Of 113 adult patients newly diagnosed with histologically verified supratentorial GBM who were enrolled in Phase III trials during the period between 1987 and 1998, six (5.3%) who survived for longer than 5 years were defined as long-term survivors, whereas the remaining 107 patients served as controls. All six were women and were compared with the controls; they were younger (mean age 44.2 years, range 31–60 years), and their preoperative KPS scores were higher (mean 85, range 60–100). Four of the six patients underwent gross-total resection. In five patients (83.3%) the progression-free interval was longer than 5 years and in three a histopathological diagnosis of giant cell GBM was made. This diagnosis was not made in the other 107 patients. Conclusions. Among adult patients with supratentorial GBM, female sex and histopathological characteristics consistent with giant cell GBM may be predictive of a better survival rate, as may traditional factors (that is, younger age, good KPS score, more aggressive resection, and a long progression-free interval).

scholarly journals The duration of global agri-food export competitiveness

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1378-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Štefan Bojnec ◽  
Imre Fertő
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Export Competitiveness

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the pattern, duration and country-level determinants of global agri-food export competitiveness of 23 major global agri-food trading countries. Design/methodology/approach A large panel data set is compiled to facilitate assessment of the pattern, duration and country-level determinants of global agri-food export competitiveness using a revealed comparative advantage index. Findings The results suggest that the duration of revealed comparative advantage is heterogeneous at the agri-food product level. Long-term survival rates as revealed by the comparative advantage indices are among the highest for the Netherlands, France, Belgium, the USA, Argentina and New Zealand. The level of economic development, the share of agricultural employment, subsidies to agriculture and differentiated consumer agri-food products increase the likelihood of failure in the duration of comparative advantage, while the abundance of agricultural land and export diversification reduce that likelihood. Originality/value The framework is conceptually innovative in how it models the likelihood of failure in the duration of comparative advantage and assesses implications. Export competitiveness is a crucial factor in long-term global farm business survival as it fosters opportunities for business prosperity on global markets.

scholarly journals Mid- and long-term outcomes of endoscopic resection for submucosal esophageal cancer types pT1b-SM1 and pT1b-SM2

2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (06) ◽  
pp. E733-E742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Mora ◽  
Kenro Kawada ◽  
Yasuaki Nakajima ◽  
Takuya Okada ◽  
Yutaka Tokairin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Endoscopic Resection ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Early Esophageal Cancer ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Submucosal Tumors ◽  
Submucosal Cancer

Abstract Background and study aims Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) are promising therapeutic options for early esophageal cancer (EC). The factors that can affect mid- and long-term survival in patients with submucosal EC (SM1 and SM2) have not been described in the literature. We aim to describe clinicopathological outcomes and factors that can affect the mid- and long-term survival in patients with resected submucosal tumors. Patients and methods We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent endoscopic resection (ER) for submucosal tumors over a 20-year period. The final study population included 119 cases with 137 lesions. Information was collected according to the Japanese Classification of Esophageal Cancer 11-edition and factors affecting survival for 2 and 5 years after ER were analyzed. Results EMR was performed in 99 cases (72.3 %), ESD in 38 cases (27.7 %). There were no significant complications. Two- and 5-year survival rates were 91 % and 82 %, respectively. Mean age was 67.22 years (± 9.49 years), mortality caused by EC occurred in 13 cases (11 %). Factors that had a significant impact on long-term survival were age > 65 years (P = 0.0026), number of resected specimens (P = 0.0031), presence of another progressive disease (not EC) (P ≤ 0.001), recurrence (P = 0.0002), and relation between histopathological positive vertical margin and recurrence (P = 0.0112). Conclusions ER is viable treatment for esophageal submucosal cancer, selection between ESD/EMR can depend on tumor size and patient condition, and en bloc ER is the recommended technique for submucosal tumors. Long-term survival factors were identified.

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