Distribution of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae DNA Modification Systems in Asia

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1663-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Ho Choi ◽  
Casiana M. Vera Cruz ◽  
Jan E. Leach
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Gene Locus ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Dna Modification ◽  
Clone Size ◽  
Modification System ◽  
Methyltransferase Gene

ABSTRACT The presence or absence of two DNA modification systems,XorI and XorII, in 195 strains ofXanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae collected from different major rice-growing countries of Asia was assessed. All four possible phenotypes (XorI+ XorII+, XorI+ XorII−, XorI− XorII+ and XorI− XorII−) were detected in the population at a ratio of approximately 1:2:2:2. The XorI+ XorII+ and XorI− XorII+ phenotypes were observed predominantly in strains from southeast Asia (Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia), whereas strains with the phenotypes XorI− XorII− and XorI+ XorII− were distributed in south Asia (India and Nepal) and northeast Asia (China, Korea, and Japan), respectively. Based on the prevalence and geographic distribution of theXorI and XorII systems, we suggest that theXorI modification system originated in northeast Asia and was later introduced to southeast Asia, while the XorII system originated in southeast Asia and moved to northeast Asia and south Asia. Genomic DNA from all tested strains of X. oryzae pv. oryzae that were resistant to digestion by endonuclease XorII or its isoschizomer PvuI also hybridized with a 7.0-kb clone that contained theXorII modification system, whereas strains that were digested by XorII or PvuI lacked DNA that hybridized with the clone. Size polymorphisms were observed in fragments that hybridized with the 7.0-kb clone. However, a single hybridization pattern generally was found inXorII+ strains within a country, indicating clonal maintenance of the XorII methyltransferase gene locus. The locus was monomorphic for X. oryzae pv. oryzae strains from the Philippines and all strains from Indonesia and Korea.

scholarly journals Retrospective seroepidemiological study of chikungunya infection in South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Pacific region

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (11) ◽  
pp. 2268-2275 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. NGWE TUN ◽  
S. INOUE ◽  
K. Z. THANT ◽  
N. TALEMAITOGA ◽  
A. ARYATI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chikv Infection ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Focus Reduction

SUMMARYChikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Ross River virus (RRV) of the genusAlphavirus, family Togaviridae are mainly transmitted byAedesmosquitoes and the symptoms they cause in patients are similar to dengue. A chikungunya (CHIK) outbreak re-emerged in several Asian countries during 2005–2006. This study aimed to clarify the prevalence of CHIKV infection in suspected dengue patients in six countries in South Asia and Southeast Asia. Seven hundred forty-eight serum samples were from dengue-suspected patients in South Asia and Southeast Asia, and 52 were from patients in Fiji. The samples were analysed by CHIKV IgM capture ELISA, CHIKV IgG indirect ELISA and focus reduction neutralization test against CHIKV or RRV. CHIK-confirmed cases in South Asia, particularly Myanmar and Sri Lanka, were 4·6%, and 6·1%, respectively; and in Southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam, were 27·4%, 26·8% and 25·0%, respectively. It suggests that CHIK was widely spread in these five countries in Asia. In Fiji, no CHIK cases were confirmed; however, RRV-confirmed cases represented 53·6% of suspected dengue cases. It suggests that RRV is being maintained or occasionally entering from neighbouring countries and should be considered when determining a causative agent for dengue-like illness in Fiji.

Law of the Sea and Asian States

2019 ◽  
pp. 204-236
Author(s):  
Robert Beckman
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Western Pacific ◽  
The Unclos

This chapter describes Asia’s active participation in the law of the sea. The modern law of the sea is set out in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS), as modified by the Agreement relating to the Implementation of the Convention 1994. UNCLOS establishes a legal order for all use of the oceans, has been universally accepted, and has been described as a ‘constitution’ for the oceans. Indeed, one of the major achievements of UNCLOS was the establishment of a clear demarcation of rights and jurisdiction in the oceans. The chapter then looks at how Asian states have contributed to, participated in, and implemented the UNCLOS regime. The term Asian states is used rather loosely, but includes states in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Northeast Asia, and the western Pacific.

scholarly journals Identifying Mangrove Deforestation Hotspots in South Asia, Southeast Asia and Asia-Pacific

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Gandhi ◽  
Trevor Jones
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Goods And Services

Mangroves inhabit highly productive inter-tidal ecosystems in >120 countries in the tropics and subtropics providing critical goods and services to coastal communities and contributing to global climate change mitigation owing to substantial carbon stocks. Despite their importance, global mangrove distribution continues to decline primarily due to anthropogenic drivers which vary by region/country. South Asia, Southeast Asia and Asia-Pacific contain approximately 46% of the world’s mangrove ecosystems, including the most biodiverse mangrove forests. This region also exhibits the highest global rates of mangrove loss. Remotely sensed data provides timely and accurate information on mangrove distribution and dynamics critical for targeting loss hotspots and guiding intervention. This report inventories, describes and compares all known single- and multi-date remotely sensed datasets with regional coverage and provides areal mangrove extents by country. Multi-date datasets were used to estimate dynamics and identify loss hotspots (i.e., countries that exhibit greatest proportional loss). Results indicate Myanmar is the primary mangrove loss hotspot, exhibiting 35% loss from 1975–2005 and 28% between 2000–2014. Rates of loss in Myanmar were four times the global average from 2000–2012. The Philippines is additionally identified as a loss hotspot, with secondary hotspots including Malaysia, Cambodia and Indonesia. This information helps inform and guide mangrove conservation, restoration and managed-use within the region.

scholarly journals Development and Democracy in Asia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurel Croissant ◽  
Lars Pelke
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the possible causal relationship between form of rule and economic development for 20 countries in South Asia, Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia. We approach the topic in four steps. Section 2 discusses the extant literature on the development-democracy nexus. Section 3 then presents our key concepts, data and method. In Section 4, we test the relationship between income and democracy in Asia-Pacific, as well as potential impacts of rule of law and state capacity. Section 5 presents our conclusions.

scholarly journals Diversity and distribution of Asian forest scorpions (Arthropoda, Scorpionidae, Heterometrinae) in Telangana State, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 10977
Author(s):  
Bagari RAMAKRISHNA ◽  
Chelmala SRINIVASULU
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Telangana State

Asian forest scorpions belong to the subfamily Heterometrinae and include some of the poorly known scorpion fauna in India in general and Telangana State in particular. The Asian forest scorpions occur in South Asia and Southeast Asia and are known from Pakistan in west to the Philippines in the east. There are 27 species of Asian forest scorpions belonging to seven genera Chersonesometrus, Deccanometrus, Gigantometrus, Heterometrus, Javanimetrus, Sahyadrimetrus and Srilankametrus known from India. These are the large-bodied scorpions that are subjected to killing and local collections. Information on their distribution and current taxonomy is not complete. We provide the updated taxonomy, description and distribution maps of four species of Asian forest scorpions known to occur in Telangana State, India.

New and little-known species of the genus Zhengitettix (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Scelimeninae) from Southeast Asia

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-223
Author(s):  
S.Yu. Storozhenko
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Check List ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
The Family

Seven new species of the genus Zhengitettix Liang, 1994 are described: Z. hosticus sp. nov., Z. mucronatus sp. nov. and Z. spinulentus sp. nov. from Vietnam; Z. albitarsus sp. nov. and Z. extraneus sp. nov. from Thailand; Z. palawanensis sp. nov. and Z. taytayensis sp. nov. from the Philippines. Two species, Z. curvispinus Liang, Jiang et Liu, 2007 and Z. obliquespicula Zheng et Jiang, 2005 are firstly recorded from Vietnam. An annotated check-list and key to species of the genus Zhengitettix are given. Position of Zhengitettix within the family Tetrigidae is briefly discussed.

A new species of the montane lacewing genus Rapisma McLachlan (Neuroptera, Ithonidae) from northwestern Yunnan, China

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4763 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-443
Author(s):  
XINGYUE LIU
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
East Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Northwestern Yunnan

The genus Rapisma McLachlan, 1866 (montane lacewings) is a rare and little known group of the family Ithonidae (Insecta: Neuroptera). There have been 21 described species of Rapisma, and all of them are distributed from East Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia. Here I report a new species of Rapisma from northwestern Yunnan, China, namely Rapisma weixiense sp. nov. The new species belongs to a group of Rapisma species with very short antennae. 

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