Bacterial Community Structure Associated with a Dimethylsulfoniopropionate-Producing North Atlantic Algal Bloom

ABSTRACT The bacteria associated with oceanic algal blooms are acknowledged to play important roles in carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycling, yet little information is available on their identities or phylogenetic affiliations. Three culture-independent methods were used to characterize bacteria from a dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP)-producing algal bloom in the North Atlantic. Group-specific 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotides, 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) clone libraries, and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis all indicated that the marine Roseobacter lineage was numerically important in the heterotrophic bacterial community, averaging >20% of the 16S rDNA sampled. Two other groups of heterotrophic bacteria, the SAR86 and SAR11 clades, were also shown by the three 16S rRNA-based methods to be abundant in the bloom community. In surface waters, the Roseobacter, SAR86, and SAR11 lineages together accounted for over 50% of the bacterial rDNA and showed little spatial variability in abundance despite variations in the dominant algal species. Depth profiles indicated thatRoseobacter phylotype abundance decreased with depth and was positively correlated with chlorophyll a, DMSP, and total organic sulfur (dimethyl sulfide plus DMSP plus dimethyl sulfoxide) concentrations. Based on these data and previous physiological studies of cultured Roseobacter strains, we hypothesize that this lineage plays a role in cycling organic sulfur compounds produced within the bloom. Three other abundant bacterial phylotypes (representing a cyanobacterium and two members of the α Proteobacteria) were primarily associated with chlorophyll-rich surface waters of the bloom (0 to 50 m), while two others (representing Cytophagales and δProteobacteria) were primarily found in deeper waters (200 to 500 m).

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Insights into Bacterial Community Structure of a Commercial Copper Bioheapleaching Plant: Growth of Heterotrophic Bacteria in the System

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.825.50 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 825 ◽

pp. 50-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xing Yu Liu ◽

Bo Wei Chen ◽

Jian Kang Wen

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

16S Rrna ◽

16S Rrna Gene ◽

Clone Library ◽

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Outer Part ◽

Gene Clone ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Liquid Samples ◽

Lower Depth

The distribution and diversity of bacterial community in Zijinshan commercial non-aeration copper bioheapleaching system operated at pH 0.8 for three years were investigated. The 24 meters high heap was cut off by mechanical digger. On the trapezoidal cross-section of the heap, 9 ore samples were taken from different vertical and horizontal locations and investigated by 16S rRNA gene clone library. Another 3 liquid samples from raffinate solution pond, spray solution pond and pregnant solution pond were also applied to 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis. The retrieved 1166 clone sequences from 12 samples were mainly related to genus Acidithiobacillus (42.36%), genus Leptospirillum (37.73%) and genus Sulfobacillus (6.52%). Relative high amount of heterotrophic bacteria were distributed at the ore surface in the internal part of the heap and in the liquid samples respectively. The retrieved heterotrophic bacterial sequences were mainly related to genus Acidiphilium (accounting 11.11% to 32.00% percent in the liquid samples), genus Acidovorax (accounting 12.37% in A1 sample), genus Pelomonas (accounting 4.17% to 10.31% in several ore samples) and genus Aquabacterium (accounting 10.31% in C2 sample). Bacterial diversity in the heap was increased from the surfcae layer to the interior of the heap. The proportion of genus Leptospirillum horizontally increased from the inner to the outer part while vertically decreased from lower depth (2-3 years leaching time) to higher depth(3-6 month leaching time), and reverse correlation of genus Acidithiobacillus was found in the heap. Our finding indicated that heterotrophic bacteria may play very important roles in the commercial bioheapleaching system, and revealed high distribution of genus Leptospirillum in the outer part of this non-aerated heap.

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Spatial variability of particle-attached and free-living bacterial diversity in surface waters from the Mackenzie River to the Beaufort Sea (Canadian Arctic)

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-9-17401-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 17401-17435 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

E. Ortega-Retuerta ◽

F. Joux ◽

W. H. Jeffrey ◽

J.-F. Ghiglione

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Bacterial Community ◽

16S Rrna ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Canadian Arctic ◽

Beaufort Sea ◽

Free Living ◽

Open Sea ◽

Mackenzie River

Abstract. We explored the patterns of total and active bacterial community structure in a gradient covering surface waters from the Mackenzie River to the coastal Beaufort Sea, Canadian Arctic Ocean, with a particular focus on free-living vs. particle-attached communities. Capillary electrophoresis-single strand conformation polymorphism (CE-SSCP) showed significant differences when comparing river, coast and open sea bacterial community structures. In contrast to the river and coastal waters, total (16S rDNA-based) and active (16S rRNA-based) communities in the open sea samples were not significantly different, suggesting that most present bacterial groups were equally active in this area. Additionally, we observed significant differences between particle-attached (PA) and free-living (FL) bacterial communities in the open sea, but similar structure in the two fractions for coastal and river samples. Direct multivariate statistical analyses showed that total community structure was mainly driven by salinity (proxy of DOC and CDOM), suspended particles, amino acids and chlorophyll a. 16S rRNA genes pyrosequencing of selected samples confirmed these significant differences from river to sea and also between PA and FL fractions only in open sea samples, and PA samples generally showed higher diversity (Shannon, Simpson and Chao indices) than FL samples. At the class level, Opitutae was most abundant in the PA fraction of the sea sample, followed by Flavobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, while the FL sea sample was dominated by Alphaproteobacteria. Finally, the coast and river samples, both PA and FL fractions, were dominated by Betaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria. These results highlight the coexistence of particle specialists and generalists and the role of particle quality in structuring bacterial communities in the area. These results may also serve as a~basis to predict further changes in bacterial communities should climate change lead to further increases in river discharge and related particles load.

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Spatial variability of particle-attached and free-living bacterial diversity in surface waters from the Mackenzie River to the Beaufort Sea (Canadian Arctic)

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-10-2747-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 2747-2759 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

E. Ortega-Retuerta ◽

F. Joux ◽

W. H. Jeffrey ◽

J. F. Ghiglione

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Bacterial Community ◽

16S Rrna ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Bacterial Community Structure ◽

Canadian Arctic ◽

Beaufort Sea ◽

Free Living ◽

Open Sea

Abstract. We explored the patterns of total and active bacterial community structure in a gradient covering surface waters from the Mackenzie River to the coastal Beaufort Sea in the Canadian Arctic Ocean, with a particular focus on free-living (FL) vs. particle-attached (PA) communities. Capillary electrophoresis–single-strand conformation polymorphism (CE-SSCP) showed significant differences when comparing river, coast and open sea bacterial community structures. In contrast to the river and coastal waters, total (16S rDNA-based) and active (16S rRNA-based) communities in the open sea samples were not significantly different, suggesting that most present bacterial groups were equally active in this area. Additionally, we observed significant differences between PA and FL bacterial community structure in the open sea, but similar structure in the two fractions for coastal and river samples. Direct multivariate statistical analyses showed that total community structure was mainly driven by salinity (a proxy of dissolved organic carbon and chromophoric dissolved organic matter), suspended particles, amino acids and chlorophyll a. Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes from selected samples confirmed significant differences between river, coastal and sea samples. The PA fraction was only different (15.7% similarity) from the FL one in the open sea sample. Furthermore, PA samples generally showed higher diversity (Shannon, Simpson and Chao indices) than FL samples. At the class level, Opitutae was most abundant in the PA fraction of the sea sample, followed by Flavobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, while the FL sea sample was dominated by Alphaproteobacteria. Finally, for the coast and river samples and both PA and FL fractions, Betaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria were dominant. These results highlight the coexistence of particle specialists and generalists and the role of particle quality in structuring bacterial communities in the area. These results may also serve as a basis to predict further changes in bacterial communities should climate change lead to further increases in river discharge and related particle loads.

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Monitoring of activity dynamics of an anaerobic digester bacterial community using 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis

Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1046/j.1462-2920.2000.00132.x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 506-515 ◽

Cited By ~ 130

Author(s):

Céline Delbès ◽

René Moletta ◽

Jean-Jacques Godon

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Bacterial Community ◽

16S Rrna ◽

Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ◽

Polymorphism Analysis ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Conformation Polymorphism Analysis ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Conformation Polymorphism ◽

Activity Dynamics

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Ecophysiological Interaction between Nitrifying Bacteria and Heterotrophic Bacteria in Autotrophic Nitrifying Biofilms as Determined by Microautoradiography-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.70.3.1641-1650.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 1641-1650 ◽

Cited By ~ 233

Author(s):

Tomonori Kindaichi ◽

Tsukasa Ito ◽

Satoshi Okabe

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Bacterial Community ◽

16S Rrna ◽

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Nitrifying Bacteria ◽

Community Members ◽

Biofilm Community

ABSTRACT Ecophysiological interactions between the community members (i.e., nitrifiers and heterotrophic bacteria) in a carbon-limited autotrophic nitrifying biofilm fed only NH4 + as an energy source were investigated by using a full-cycle 16S rRNA approach followed by microautoradiography (MAR)-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Phylogenetic differentiation (identification) of heterotrophic bacteria was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, and FISH probes were designed to determine the community structure and the spatial organization (i.e., niche differentiation) in the biofilm. FISH analysis showed that this autotrophic nitrifying biofilm was composed of 50% nitrifying bacteria (ammonia-oxidizing bacteria [AOB] and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria [NOB]) and 50% heterotrophic bacteria, and the distribution was as follows: members of the alpha subclass of the class Proteobacteria (α-Proteobacteria), 23%; γ-Proteobacteria, 13%; green nonsulfur bacteria (GNSB), 9%; Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides (CFB) division, 2%; and unidentified (organisms that could not be hybridized with any probe except EUB338), 3%. These results indicated that a pair of nitrifiers (AOB and NOB) supported a heterotrophic bacterium via production of soluble microbial products (SMP). MAR-FISH revealed that the heterotrophic bacterial community was composed of bacteria that were phylogenetically and metabolically diverse and to some extent metabolically redundant, which ensured the stability of the ecosystem as a biofilm. α- and γ-Proteobacteria dominated the utilization of [14C]acetic acid and 14C-amino acids in this biofilm. Despite their low abundance (ca. 2%) in the biofilm community, members of the CFB cluster accounted for the largest fraction (ca. 64%) of the bacterial community consuming N-acetyl-d-[1-14C]glucosamine (NAG). The GNSB accounted for 9% of the 14C-amino acid-consuming bacteria and 27% of the [14C]NAG-consuming bacteria but did not utilize [14C]acetic acid. Bacteria classified in the unidentified group accounted for 6% of the total heterotrophic bacteria and could utilize all organic substrates, including NAG. This showed that there was an efficient food web (carbon metabolism) in the autotrophic nitrifying biofilm community, which ensured maximum utilization of SMP produced by nitrifiers and prevented buildup of metabolites or waste materials of nitrifiers to significant levels.

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Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1966, Parts 1 and 2, north Atlantic slope basins and South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins

10.3133/wsp1991 ◽

1971 ◽

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Gulf Of Mexico ◽

North Atlantic ◽

Surface Waters ◽

The United States ◽

South Atlantic ◽

Eastern Gulf Of Mexico

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Performance of a Handheld Chlorophyll-a Fluorometer: Potential Use for Rapid Algae Monitoring

Water ◽

10.3390/w13101409 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1409

Author(s):

Hamdhani Hamdhani ◽

Drew E. Eppehimer ◽

David Walker ◽

Michael T. Bogan

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll A ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Harmful Algal Blooms ◽

Algal Blooms ◽

Water Quality Monitoring ◽

Ambient Light ◽

Calibration Equation ◽

Field Samples ◽

Potential Use

Chlorophyll-a measurements are an important factor in the water quality monitoring of surface waters, especially for determining the trophic status and ecosystem management. However, a collection of field samples for extractive analysis in a laboratory may not fully represent the field conditions. Handheld fluorometers that can measure chlorophyll-a in situ are available, but their performance in waters with a variety of potential light-interfering substances has not yet been tested. We tested a handheld fluorometer for sensitivity to ambient light and turbidity and compared these findings with EPA Method 445.0 using water samples obtained from two urban lakes in Tucson, Arizona, USA. Our results suggested that the probe was not sensitive to ambient light and performed well at low chlorophyll-a concentrations (<25 µg/L) across a range of turbidity levels (50–70 NTU). However, the performance was lower when the chlorophyll-a concentrations were >25 µg/L and turbidity levels were <50 NTU. To account for this discrepancy, we developed a calibration equation to use for this handheld fluorometer when field monitoring for potential harmful algal blooms in water bodies.

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Phosphorous runoff risk assessment and its potential management using wollastonite according to geochemical modeling

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2019-0075 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 787-794 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aneela Hayder ◽

Stephen Vanderburgt ◽

Rafael M. Santos ◽

Yi Wai Chiang

Keyword(s):

Risk Analysis ◽

Algal Blooms ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Algal Bloom ◽

Risk Mitigation ◽

Geochemical Modeling ◽

Geochemical Modelling ◽

Water Runoff ◽

Phosphorus Pollution ◽

Contaminate Drinking Water

AbstractLoss of phosphorus from agricultural land through water runoff causes serious detrimental effects on the environment and on water quality. Phosphorous runoff from excessive use of fertilizers can cause algal blooms to grow in nearby water systems, producing toxins that contaminate drinking water sources and recreational water. In this study, a risk analysis of the algal toxin micro-cystin-LR and the mitigation of phosphorus from agriculture runoff is discussed. A risk analysis was performed on the algal bloom toxin microcystin-LR considering the Lake Erie algal bloom event of 2011 as a case study. Toxicity risk analysis results show that relatively low concentrations of microcystin-LR compared to recent case studies pose an acute health risk to both children and adults, and a significant increase in the risk of developing cancer is suggested but subject to further study given the assumptions made. This study investigated the potential of using wollastonite to mitigate phosphorus pollution, considering thermodynamic conditions of a constructed wetland receiving influent water from agriculture runoff, by using geochemical modelling. Geochemical modelling results show that wollastonite can react with phosphorus and capture it in the stable mineral form of hydroxyapatite, offering a possible strategy for risk mitigation of phosphorous runoff. A removal efficiency of 77% of phosphorus using wollastonite is calculated with the help of geochemical modelling.

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