scholarly journals Nine-Year Study of the Occurrence of Culturable Viruses in Source Water for Two Drinking Water Treatment Plants and the Influent and Effluent of a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Milwaukee, Wisconsin (August 1994 through July 2003)

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 1042-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Sedmak ◽  
David Bina ◽  
Jeffrey MacDonald ◽  
Lon Couillard
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Source Water ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

ABSTRACT Reoviruses, enteroviruses, and adenoviruses were quantified by culture for various ambient waters in the Milwaukee area. From August 1994 through July 2003, the influent and effluent of a local wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were tested monthly by a modified U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Information Collection Rule (ICR) organic flocculation cell culture procedure for the detection of culturable viruses. Modification of the ICR procedure included using Caco-2, RD, and HEp-2 cells in addition to BGM cells. Lake Michigan source water for two local drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) was also tested monthly for culturable viruses by passing 200 liters of source water through a filter and culturing a concentrate representing 100 liters of source water. Reoviruses, enteroviruses, and adenoviruses were detected frequently (105 of 107 samples) and, at times, in high concentration in WWTP influent but were detected less frequently (32 of 107 samples) in plant effluent and at much lower concentrations. Eighteen of 204 samples (8.8%) of source waters for the two DWTPs were positive for virus and exclusively positive for reoviruses at relatively low titers. Both enteroviruses and reoviruses were detected in WWTP influent, most frequently during the second half of the year.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of vertical subsurface wetlands for iron and manganese removal from wastewater in drinking water treatment plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-163
Author(s):  
Jader Martínez Girón ◽  
Jenny Vanessa Marín-Rivera ◽  
Mauricio Quintero-Angel
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Significant Difference

Population growth and urbanization pose a greater pressure for the treatment of drinking water. Additionally, different treatment units, such as decanters and filters, accumulate high concentrations of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), which in many cases can be discharged into the environment without any treatment when maintenance is performed. Therefore, this paper evaluates the effectiveness of vertical subsurface wetlands for Fe and Mn removal from wastewater in drinking water treatment plants, taking a pilot scale wetland with an ascending gravel bed with two types of plants: C. esculenta and P. australis in El Hormiguero (Cali, Colombia), as an example. The pilot system had three upstream vertical wetlands, two of them planted and the third one without a plant used as a control. The wetlands were arranged in parallel and each formed by three gravel beds of different diameter. The results showed no significant difference for the percentage of removal in the three wetlands for turbidity (98 %), Fe (90 %), dissolved Fe (97 %) and Mn (98 %). The dissolved oxygen presented a significant difference between the planted wetlands and the control. C. esculenta had the highest concentration of Fe in the root with (103.5 ± 20.8) µg/g ; while P. australis had the highest average of Fe concentrations in leaves and stem with (45.7 ± 24) µg/g and (41.4 ± 9.1) µg/g, respectively. It is concluded that subsurface wetlands can be an interesting alternative for wastewater treatment in the maintenance of drinking water treatment plants. However, more research is needed for the use of vegetation or some technologies for the removal or reduction of the pollutant load in wetlands, since each drinking water treatment plant will require a treatment system for wastewater, which in turn requires a wastewater treatment system as well.

The Distribution Characteristics of the Typical Antibiotics in the Aquatic Environment of a City in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Jian Guang Liu ◽  
Qiu Yue Sun ◽  
Min Xiang Wang ◽  
Wu Chang Song
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent

The distribution characteristics of six typical antibiotics in the aquatic environment (wastewater treatment plant effluent, Shiao-ching River, Yellow River, Yellow river Reservoir, drinking water treatment plant effluent) of a city in china were analyzed by using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results show that except for erythromycin, other five antibiotics include sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine, amoxicillin, tetracycline and oxytetracycline were detected in the aquatic environment, the concentrations of tetracycline and oxytetracycline were relatively higher, the tetracycline and oxytetracycline concentrations of wastewater treatment plant effluent were 32.39 ng/L and 59.36 ng/L respectively. The wasterwater treatment plant process can not completely remove the antibiotic,and the five antibiotics concentrations in the wastewater treatment plant effluent were higher than their concentrations in the other water bodies. A certain content antibiotics was discharged into the receiving water and wastewater treatment plant drainage is the main way of antibiotics to release into the water environment. Traces of antibiotics were detected in the water samples which were taken from the Yellow River and the Shiao-ching River in the city, but they were less polluted by antibiotics levels. The antibiotics removal effect of conventional drinking water treatment process is not obvious.

Designing High Concentration Ozone Contactors for Drinking Water Treatment Plants

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Schulz ◽  
Paul W. Prendiville
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

scholarly journals Improving chemical cleaning of fouled membranes in a drinking water treatment plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2330-2337
Author(s):  
Susumu Hasegawa ◽  
Yasuhiro Tanaka ◽  
Naokazu Wake ◽  
Ryosuke Takagi ◽  
Hideto Matsuyama
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Abstract Recently, membrane filtration systems have become increasingly common in drinking water treatment plants. In this industry, preventing membrane fouling is of utmost importance. Many studies on the relationship between raw water components and membrane fouling have been performed in laboratory conditions. However, very few studies have analyzed the components of foulants on the fouled membrane as operated in actual drinking water treatment plants. By analyzing these components in plant-conditions, membrane fouling will be more effectively prevented. In this study, we analyzed the components of foulants extracted with 0.1 N NaOH from a fouled membrane operated in a drinking water treatment plant in Japan. Our analysis revealed that the main foulants were humic substances. In order to dissolve the accumulated humic substances, additional chemical cleaning was attempted with 500 ppm sodium hypochlorite. As a result, it was found that humic substances were dissolved and filtration resistance significantly decreased. Additionally, the removal of inorganic foulants was also greater after chemical cleaning with 500 ppm sodium hypochlorite, as inorganic foulants trapped within humic substances were released to the membrane surface as hydroxides by the additional sodium hypochlorite cleaning and were dissolved by the periodic citric acid cleaning.

scholarly journals Trihalomethane precursor reactivity changes in drinking water treatment unit processes during a storm event

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 2098-2106
Author(s):  
Chelsea W. Neil ◽  
Yingying Zhao ◽  
Amy Zhao ◽  
Jill Neal ◽  
Maria Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Source Water Quality

Abstract Source water quality can significantly impact the efficacy of water treatment unit processes and the formation of chlorinated and brominated trihalomethanes (THMs). Current water treatment plant performance models may not accurately capture how source water quality variations, such as organic matter variability, can impact treatment unit processes. To investigate these impacts, a field study was conducted wherein water samples were collected along the treatment train for 72 hours during a storm event. Systematic sampling and detailed analyses of water quality parameters, including non-purgeable organic carbon (NPOC), UV absorbance, and THM concentrations, as well as chlorine spiking experiments, reveal how the THM formation potential changes in response to treatment unit processes. Results show that the NPOC remaining after treatment has an increased reactivity towards forming THMs, and that brominated THMs form more readily than chlorinated counterparts in a competitive reaction. Thus both the reactivity and quantity of THM precursors must be considered to maintain compliance with drinking water standards, a finding that should be incorporated into the development of model-assisted treatment operation and optimization. Advanced granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment beyond conventional coagulation–flocculation–sedimentation processes may also be necessary to remove the surge loading of THM-formation precursors during a storm event.

Using surrogate data to assess risks associated with microbial peak events in source water at drinking water treatment plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 117296
Author(s):  
Émile Sylvestre ◽  
Michèle Prévost ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Burnet ◽  
Patrick Smeets ◽  
Gertjan Medema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Surrogate Data ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

scholarly journals Investigation on the fate of quinolone antibiotics in three drinking water treatment plants of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiquan Liu ◽  
Yongpeng Xu ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Fuyi Cui
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Detection Frequency ◽  
Quinolone Antibiotics ◽  
Carbon Filtration

Abstract Quinolone (QN) antibiotics are widely used all over the world and have been frequently detected in source water, but the occurrence in tap water and the treatment efficiencies of QNs by drinking-water treatment plants (DWTPs) were rarely reported. In the present study, the occurrence and distribution of six representative QNs in three urban DWTPs of China were investigated. The results showed that the concentrations of total QNs in the three source waters ranged from 26.4 ng/L to 313.8 ng/L and all of the six QNs were detectable with a detection frequency of 100% (4.6 to 121.7 ng/L). Enrofloxacin (ENR) and ofloxacin (OFL) were the dominant species of QNs and accounted for 40.1% to 79.5% of the total QNs. After the treatments, there were still considerable QNs in the finished water (total amounts of 74.9 ng/L to 148.4 ng/L). The adsorbed QNs could be readily treated with the removal of turbidity by DWTPs, but only a part of the dissolved QNs (13.6% to 68.5%) can be removed. This implies that the dissolved QNs were more hazardous in the source water. Pre-oxidation and disinfection could remove 15.8 ± 8.3% and 16.9 ± 10.8% of dissolved QNs, respectively, depending on the chemical structure of QNs and the types of oxidant. Chemical oxidation was more efficient than coagulation-sedimentation and filtration for the treatment of dissolved QNs. Ozone-granular activated carbon filtration may fail to remove dissolved QNs in the actual DWTPs, because of the insufficient dosage of oxidant and the competition effect of natural organic matter.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document