scholarly journals Measurement of Immunoglobulin Concentrations in the Feces of Healthy Dogs

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 841-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Peters ◽  
E. L. Calvert ◽  
E. J. Hall ◽  
M. J. Day
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Iga Deficiency ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Chronic Enteropathies ◽  
Relative Deficiency ◽  
Iga Production ◽  
Labrador Retrievers

ABSTRACT Selective immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency is the most common primary immunodeficiency in humans and may be associated with chronic gastrointestinal disease. This observation has led to the suggestion that the high susceptibility of German shepherd dogs (GSD) to chronic enteropathies is related to a deficiency in mucosal IgA production. Relative deficiencies of IgA has been reported in the serum, saliva, tears, and feces of GSD both with and without alimentary disease; however, the findings of different studies are not consistent. The aim of this study was to confirm whether a relative deficiency of IgA exists in the feces of GSD. Feces were collected from healthy GSD (n = 209), Labrador retrievers (n = 96), beagles (n = 19), and miniature schnauzers (n = 32). Fecal IgA, IgM, and IgG were measured by capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Fecal IgG concentrations in the four breed groups were not significantly different. IgA concentrations were significantly greater in miniature schnauzers than in GSD (P = 0.0003) and Labradors (P = 0.0004) but not significantly different from those in beagles. IgM concentrations were significantly greater in miniature schnauzers than in GSD (P < 0.0001), Labradors (P < 0.0001), and beagles (P = 0.0098). These findings do not support the hypothesis that GSD have a relative deficiency in fecal IgA. The differences in immunoglobulin concentrations measured from a single defecation, between individuals of the same breed and between breeds, as well as the lack of an internal control molecule, make the determination of a normal reference range for all dogs impossible. Therefore, the usefulness of fecal immunoglobulin quantification for the assessment of intestinal immunoglobulin secretion in dogs is limited.

scholarly journals Genomic association and further characterisation of faecal immunoglobulin A deficiency in German Shepherd dogs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Grützner ◽  
Romy M. Heilmann ◽  
Ursula Tress ◽  
Iain R. Peters ◽  
Jan S. Suchodolski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Genomic Association

Circadian and Interpersonal Variability of Iga in Nasal Secretions

1973 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Hughes ◽  
R. L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Circadian Cycle ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Adrenal Hormone ◽  
Nasal Secretions ◽  
Iga Production ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

Secretory immunoglobulin-A (IgA) in nasal mucus exerts a major protective function for the respiratory tract, and low amounts of IgA are reported to correlate with susceptibility to disease. Therefore, a study has been made of the variability in amount of IgA present in human nasal mucosa. Subjects' IgA production has been found to vary substantially during the day and to reach very low values from time to time. Subjects sampled themselves by a nasal wash procedure. The samples were analyzed for IgA and for total soluble protein Because the total protein is relatively constant, use of the ratio of these two quantities reduces the effect of sampling differences and gives a better measure of IgA production. Samples were collected five and six times daily in November and March. The results were similar with no seasonal effect. A three- to four-fold change was found in the IgA production of most subjects during an average day. The peak usually appeared between midnight and 8:00 a.m., with a broad low period during the afternoon, displaying a typical circadian cycle. The greatest number of low-value samples appeared in the period between 2:00 and 5:00 p.m. Subjects differed in their average level of IgA production. Most subjects had periods of consecutive low samples, often showing that their IgA production was low for four or more hours. All subjects had some periods of low IgA production. Some were consistently low, and these reported having a higher incidence of respiratory disease than average. These low periods and the variation between subjects may be important as to the susceptibility to respiratory disease. The method of determination is well worked out. It is recommended that physicians utilize this analysis to help diagnose the patient with frequent respiratory sickness, including those of the bronchial mucosa, sinus and middle ear. The present study shows that a serial observation of four samples over the day would be best for finding a hypo condition. However, if only one sample can be taken, the later part of the afternoon is the best time in order to discover the deficiency, if any. The existence of a circadian cycle suggests possible control by the adrenal hormone system which has a similar cycle. If confirmed by further research this finding would point to a study of methods of treatment to increase IgA production.

Comparison and Evaluation of Organizational Transactions for Continuous Auditing and Business Compliance

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Rui Pedro Marques ◽  
Henrique Santos ◽  
Carlos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Continuous Auditing ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Ontological Model ◽  
High Level ◽  
Execution Pattern

This article presents a comparator module which aims to compare, in real time, executions of organizational transactions with patterns of behaviors of these transaction executions, allowing the determination of which execution pattern is being followed by running each transaction. This is according to information received by the internal control mechanisms, which continuously monitors the transaction executions. A possible application using this module was deployed and results were obtained from a case study. The results prove effectiveness of the module, mainly because it is able to assess business compliance and the qualitative risk associated to each transaction execution while it is running, enabling an efficient continuous auditing application. The innovation of this article is ensured by the use of an ontological model to represent organizational transactions, which can be applicable to any type of transaction in any business area in order to audit transactions at a very low level, contrary to what happens in traditional auditing, which occurs at a high level (e.g. compare whether a completed transaction has followed a set of procedures). Besides the conceptualization, this work presents some technical details of development and discussion of results from the case study.

scholarly journals Validation and Implementation of a Diagnostic Algorithm for DNA Detection ofBordetella pertussis,B. parapertussis, andB. holmesiiin a Pediatric Referral Hospital in Barcelona, Spain

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Valero-Rello ◽  
Desiree Henares ◽  
Lesly Acosta ◽  
Mireia Jane ◽  
Iolanda Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Analytical Validation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Ofbordetella Pertussis ◽  
Lower Limits

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to validate a comprehensive diagnostic protocol based on real-time PCR for the rapid detection and identification ofBordetella pertussis,Bordetella parapertussis, andBordetella holmesii, as well as its implementation in the diagnostic routine of a reference children’s hospital. The new algorithm included a triplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeting IS481gene (inB. pertussis,B. holmesii, and someBordetella bronchisepticastrains), pIS1001(B. parapertussis-specific) andrnaseP as the human internal control. Two confirmatory singleplex tests forB. pertussis(ptxA-Pr) andB. holmesii(hIS1001) were performed if IS481was positive. Analytical validation included determination of linear range, linearity, efficiency, precision, sensitivity, and a reference panel with clinical samples. Once validated, the new algorithm was prospectively implemented in children with clinical suspicion of whooping cough presenting to Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (Barcelona, Spain) over 12 months. Lower limits of detection obtained were 4.4, 13.9, and 27.3 genomic equivalents/ml of sample for IS481(onB. pertussis), pIS1001and hIS1001, and 777.9 forptxA-Pr. qPCR efficiencies ranged from 86.0% to 96.9%. Intra- and interassay variabilities were <3% and <5%, respectively. Among 566 samples analyzed,B. pertussis,B. holmesii, andB. parapertussiswere detected in 11.1%, 0.9% (only in females >4 years old), and 0.2% of samples, respectively. The new algorithm proved to be a useful microbiological diagnostic tool for whooping cough, demonstrating a low rate of other non-pertussisBordetellaspecies in our surveilled area.

scholarly journals Association of Peptic Ulcer Disease with Obesity, Serum Insulin Level and Lipid Profile

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foroogh Forghani ◽  
Mahboube Mirhashemi
Keyword(s):  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Peptic Ulcer Disease ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: PUD is a common and important type of gastrointestinal disease. Determination of contributing factors for PUD is an important issue for the development of preventive approaches. In this study, the association of Peptic Ulcer Disease with Obesity and Serum Insulin and Lipid Profile was studied.Methods: In this case-control study in Modarres Hospital in Tehran in 2019 among 170 consecutive subjects including 90 patients with PUD and 80 cases without it were enrolled and sampling tools were checklists. Serum Insulin and Lipid Profile and BMI were compared across the groupsResults: The results in this study demonstrated that Serum Insulin and Lipid Profile and BMI had no statistically significant difference between those patients with and without presence of PUD (P > 0.05).Conclusion: This study showed no statistically significant difference between those patients with and without the presence of PUD from points of Serum Insulin and Lipid Profile and BMI.

scholarly journals Penerapan Sistem Pengendalian Intern atas Persediaan Barang pada PT.Mica Jaya Pratama

Owner ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Pungky Rahmawanti ◽  
Endang Masitoh ◽  
Anita Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Control System ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Inventory Control ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Structure Determination ◽  
Physical Control

This study aims to find out how the application of internal control over inventory of goods at PT Mica Jaya Pratama Solo. This research is a qualitative research that is by conducting both structured and unstructured interviews to determine the internal control carried out by the company. In this study the variables are the principles of internal control such as adequate separation of duties (organizational structure), determination of adequate responsibilities (system of authority), design and use of documents and adequate records (healthy practices), physical control of assets and records adequate (healthy practice), independently verify performance (HR). The result of this study is that the inventory control system at PT. Mica Jaya Pratama is in accordance with the SOP, but in an adequate separation of duties there is no division between the purchasing division and the finance division.

scholarly journals Prospect and Competence of Quantitative Methods via Real-time PCR in a Comparative Manner: An Experimental Review of Current Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Hossein Mahboudi ◽  
Negin Mohammadizadeh Heidari ◽  
Zahra Irani Rashidabadi ◽  
Ali Houshmand Anbarestani ◽  
Soroush Karimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Absolute Quantification ◽  
Relative Quantification ◽  
Absolute Quantitation ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Qpcr Quantification ◽  
Comparative Manner

Background: There are numerous approaches dealing with relative and absolute quantitation. The methods differ in their efficiency assumption and applicability. Objective: Current methodologies and rations used in qPCR quantification were compared in an experimental study of transgenic copy number determination of a monoclonal antibody Daclizumab. Methods: With an inter and intra-methodical view, variations in relative and absolute quantification strategies were discretely extracted and compared to one another. Results: In relative quantification, six methods were studied and the ratios were computed relative to Glucagon as internal control. For Absolute quantification, the calculations were based on standard curve. Relative quantification considers the relative changes in expression levels while Absolute quantification relates the PCR signal to input copy number with a calibration curve. Conclusion: The observed unevenness of the ratios in Relative approach pointed mainly to the efficiency changes and its calculation formula. Whereas results in Absolute approach strategies showed homogeneity which indicates the consistency of the calculation method.

scholarly journals Serum immunoglobulin a deficiency and autoimmune comorbidities: a crossectional study in 281 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 752-756
Author(s):  
Gustavo Felício Alexandroni Linzmeyer ◽  
Fabiane Karen Miyake ◽  
Thiago Alberto F. C. Gomes Dos Santos ◽  
Thelma L Skare
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Hashimoto Thyroiditis ◽  
Iga Deficiency ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
High Prevalence

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To study the profile of associated autoimmune diseases in a series of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and see if such associations are linked to IgA deficiency. METHODS Two hundred eighty-one patients with SLE were studied for Ig A levels by nephelometry. Levels equal to or under 0.05g/dL were considered as IgA deficiency. Epidemiological and clinical data, including the presence of associated autoimmune diseases, were extracted from the patient’s charts. RESULTS Ig A deficiency was found in 6% of the patients. In 30.2% of SLE patients, there was at least one more autoimmune disease; Hashimoto thyroiditis and Sjögren’s syndrome were the most common. No association between the occurrence of associated autoimmune disease with IgA deficiency was found. CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of autoimmune diseases associated with SLE. IgA deficiency does not affect the presence of these associations.

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