scholarly journals Maturational Changes in Peripheral Lymphocyte Subsets Pertinent to Monitoring Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Chinese Pediatric Patients

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 926-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Man Kam ◽  
Wai Lin Leung ◽  
Ka Hing Wong ◽  
Shui Shan Lee ◽  
Mi Yim Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Caucasian Population ◽  
First Year ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
First Year Of Life

ABSTRACT On the basis of results of testing of 212 peripheral blood samples from ethnic Chinese individuals in five age groups, ranging from birth to adulthood, by standardized flow cytometry techniques, we studied the maturational processes that are pertinent to monitoring the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected Chinese pediatric population. While the numbers of peripheral total white cells and percent lymphocytes declined from birth to adulthood, the percent CD3+ T lymphocytes was steady among all age groups studied. The numbers of CD3+ CD4+ (T-helper) cells decreased markedly after the first year of life, followed by a slower decline afterward and then a slight increase before adulthood. The trend for CD3+ CD8+ (T-suppressor) cells, however, was an increase among individuals of all age ranges. The numbers of CD19+ CD3− (B cells) increased only during the first year of life and then declined steadily, while natural killer (NK) cells showed the opposite pattern. Comparison of the results with those of studies done with a Caucasian population showed that both peripheral T-helper and T-suppressor cell numbers were low after the first year of life in the Chinese pediatric population in comparison with those in a Caucasian pediatric population. Lower B-cell counts and higher NK-cell counts were seen after the first year of life in the Chinese population than in the Caucasian population. It is important that for each HIV-infected population normative ranges of the lymphocyte subset be established to monitor HIV-infected pediatric patients.

scholarly journals Effect of age on human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced changes in lymphocyte populations among persons with congenital clotting disorders. Transfusion Safety Study Group

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 831-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Fletcher ◽  
JW Mosley ◽  
J Hassett ◽  
GF Gjerset ◽  
J Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Lymphocyte Populations ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Children other than neonates infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) have low rates of progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Through 1989, 5.3% of 95 infected hemophiliacs aged 5 to 13 years developed AIDS, compared with 20.3% of 364 aged greater than or equal to 25 years. We asked whether the HIV-1 impact on peripheral blood mononuclear cell subpopulations differed with age using pairwise comparisons of uninfected and infected male children and adult hemophiliacs. Infected children had lesser reductions of total lymphocytes than adults, but proportionately lower numbers of CD2+, CD4+, CD2+CD26+, and CD4+CD29+ counts. CD4+CD45RA+ cell counts were greater than twofold higher in uninfected and infected children than adults; with infection, the CD4+CD45RA+/CD4+ proportion increased by 1.4-fold in adults, but was unchanged in children. Infected adults had highly significantly increased total CD8+ counts; both age groups had elevated CD8+HLA-DR+ counts. Infected children had significantly higher total B-cell counts than infected adults, with a disproportionately lower number of resting B cells (CD20+CD21+). During 2 years of follow-up, infected children and adults had lymphocyte changes in the same directions and these were proportionately equal. The lower rate of HIV-1 progression in children may be partly associated with differences in lymphocyte populations compared with adults; functional properties of immune cells may be equally or more important.

ENCEPHALOPATHY IN CHILDREN WITH PERINATALLY ACQUIRED HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maritza Navarro ◽  
I. Celine Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Clinical Effect ◽  
First Year ◽  
Hiv Encephalopathy ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Birth Characteristics ◽  
Perinatally Acquired ◽  
First Year Of Life

HIV-induced encephalopathy is common among children with vertically acquired HIV (10% of HIV infected children; 23% of children with AIDS). HIV encephalopathy represents 12% of first-reported ADCs and 12% of subsequent ADCs. Most cases were diagnosed by 3 years of age and the highest risk occurred during the first year of life. No demographic or birth characteristics predicted the development of encephalopathy. An association between cardiomyopathy and encephalopathy was noted. Children with HIV encephalopathy were severely immunodeficient, and survival time was poor. This report demonstrates the dramatic clinical effect of HIV infection in producing marked immunosuppression with impact on additional organ systems; ie, central nervous system.

PECULIARITIES OF COVID-19 IN CHILDREN OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
E.I. Krasnova ◽  
◽  
G.S. Karpovich ◽  
T.V. Komissarova ◽  
I.I. Izvekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
First Year ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Materials and methods: a pilot open observational prospective study of 218 pediatric patients with laboratory-verified COVID-19 diagnosis was performed. The main epidemiological data were analyzed, including the age structure, as well as the features of the clinical course of this disease. The development of COVID-19 pneumonia was recorded in 11,5% of cases (25 patients), while more often pneumonia was recorded in children of the first year of life, as well as over 12 years of age (23,5% and 20% of cases, respectively) than in children of other age groups (p<0,05). CT-1 stage was recorded in 13 patients (52% of cases), CT-2 stage in 10 patients (40% of cases), CT-3 stage in 2 patients (8% of cases). The leading clinical symptoms of COVID-19 in children were: hyperemia of the mucous membranes of the pharynx – 100% of cases (218 patients); increased body temperature – 95,9% of cases (209 patients), while the average figures were 37,6 (36,6; 38,2)0 С; cough – 19,7% of cases (43 patients, of which 21 with pneumonia); diarrhea – 17,9% of cases (39 patients); vomiting – 6,4% of cases (14 patients); change in the auscultatory picture – 3,7% of cases (8 patients with pneumonia). In infants with COVID-19, diarrhea was more often recorded in comparison with patients in the age group over 13 years old (35% and 4% of cases, respectively; p=0,001). The development of cough was less often recorded in children of the first year of life, in Compared with patients over 13 years of age (9% and 40% of cases, respectively; p=0,004), the same trend was observed in COVID-19 pneumonia (25% and 89% of cases, respectively, p=0,02). Thus, the clinical picture of COVID-19 in pediatric patients is characterized by non-specific symptoms. There is a definite trend towards more frequent development of COVID-19 pneumonia in patients in the first year of life, as well as in puberty. Infants with COVID-19 pneumonia are characterized by a high incidence of atypical course of the disease, while adolescents are more likely to show a manifest clinical picture of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Assessment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Specific Gamma Interferon Responses during the First Year of Life in HIV-1-Infected Infants

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (13) ◽  
pp. 8121-8130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Lohman ◽  
Jennifer A. Slyker ◽  
Barbra A. Richardson ◽  
Carey Farquhar ◽  
Jenniffer M. Mabuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
First Year ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection results in different patterns of viral replication in pediatric compared to adult populations. The role of early HIV-1-specific responses in viral control has not been well defined, because most studies of HIV-1-infected infants have been retrospective or cross-sectional. We evaluated the association between HIV-1-specific gamma interferon (IFN-γ) release from the cells of infants of 1 to 3 months of age and peak viral loads and mortality in the first year of life among 61 Kenyan HIV-1-infected infants. At 1 month, responses were detected in 7/12 (58%) and 6/21 (29%) of infants infected in utero and peripartum, respectively (P = 0.09), and in ∼50% of infants thereafter. Peaks of HIV-specific spot-forming units (SFU) increased significantly with age in all infants, from 251/106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at 1 month of age to 501/106 PBMC at 12 months of age (P = 0.03), although when limited to infants who survived to 1 year, the increase in peak HIV-specific SFU was no longer significant (P = 0.18). Over the first year of life, infants with IFN-γ responses at 1 month had peak plasma viral loads, rates of decline of viral load, and mortality risk similar to those of infants who lacked responses at 1 month. The strength and breadth of IFN-γ responses at 1 month were not significantly associated with viral containment or mortality. These results suggest that, in contrast to HIV-1-infected adults, in whom strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in primary infection are associated with reductions in viremia, HIV-1-infected neonates generate HIV-1-specific CD8+-T-cell responses early in life that are not clearly associated with improved clinical outcomes.

Guidelines for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected Children and Their Foster Families

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-683
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Perinatal Transmission ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Social ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Perinatally Acquired ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
First Year Of Life

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM At the end of 1990, approximately 2786 cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in children younger than 13 years of age had been reported to the Centers for Disease Control. Many more children are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but have milder or no apparent disease. The majority of young children have acquired their infection through perinatal transmission from HIV-infected mothers. A small minority have acquired their infection through blood transfusions received before 1985 when routine screening of the blood supply for HIV was initiated. Although many infants with perinatally acquired HIV infection will become symptomatic in the first year of life, a significant, but unknown, number of HIV-infected children are affected mildly or show minimal signs of infection for periods of up to 5 to 10 years.1,2 There is evidence to suggest that antiretroviral treatment with Zidovudine prolongs survival, and it is hoped that early treatment will increase the interval between development of infection and symptoms and reduce the severity of symptoms.3 Thus, children with HIV infection increasingly should be able to benefit from preschool and out-of-home child care programs. The social circumstances that may accompany HIV infection include (1) parents who have died or are too ill to care for their children; or (2) parents who are unable or unwilling to care for their children, most often as the result of continuing drug abuse. These situations frequently lead to the need for foster care or adoptive placement. This statement makes recommendations regarding

Mortality after the first year of life among human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected and uninfected children

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 689-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAHA E. TAHA ◽  
NEWTON I. KUMWENDA ◽  
ROBIN L. BROADHEAD ◽  
DONALD R. HOOVER ◽  
STEPHEN M. GRAHAM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
First Year ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals Effect of age on human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced changes in lymphocyte populations among persons with congenital clotting disorders. Transfusion Safety Study Group

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 831-840
Author(s):  
MA Fletcher ◽  
JW Mosley ◽  
J Hassett ◽  
GF Gjerset ◽  
J Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Lymphocyte Populations ◽  
Hiv 1

Children other than neonates infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) have low rates of progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Through 1989, 5.3% of 95 infected hemophiliacs aged 5 to 13 years developed AIDS, compared with 20.3% of 364 aged greater than or equal to 25 years. We asked whether the HIV-1 impact on peripheral blood mononuclear cell subpopulations differed with age using pairwise comparisons of uninfected and infected male children and adult hemophiliacs. Infected children had lesser reductions of total lymphocytes than adults, but proportionately lower numbers of CD2+, CD4+, CD2+CD26+, and CD4+CD29+ counts. CD4+CD45RA+ cell counts were greater than twofold higher in uninfected and infected children than adults; with infection, the CD4+CD45RA+/CD4+ proportion increased by 1.4-fold in adults, but was unchanged in children. Infected adults had highly significantly increased total CD8+ counts; both age groups had elevated CD8+HLA-DR+ counts. Infected children had significantly higher total B-cell counts than infected adults, with a disproportionately lower number of resting B cells (CD20+CD21+). During 2 years of follow-up, infected children and adults had lymphocyte changes in the same directions and these were proportionately equal. The lower rate of HIV-1 progression in children may be partly associated with differences in lymphocyte populations compared with adults; functional properties of immune cells may be equally or more important.

scholarly journals Age-dependent changes of coagulation system parameters in pediatric patients of cardiosurgical profile

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
N. B. Karakhalis ◽  
A. Kh. Kade ◽  
A. V. Bratova
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
First Year ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Coagulation Profile ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

Objective. Estimate baseline coagulation profile values in patients scheduled for cardiosurgical intervention in age groups of pediatric population.Material and methods. The coagulation profile was analyzed in a complete selection of patients admitted to the intensive care department of Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital #1 for the period from January to December 2018. The study includes 842 patients planned for cardiac surgery.Results. This study demonstrates the dependence of the basic parameters of the hemostasis system on age characteristics, mainly during the period of the first year of life. APPT values were similar in all age groups, whereas extended PV was recorded in patients less than one year.Conclusion. Evaluation of coagulation system parameters should be based on age-specific reference values. Understanding the concept of developing hemostasis is extremely important in conditions of optimal prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhagic and thrombotic conditions in the pediatric population.

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