PECULIARITIES OF COVID-19 IN CHILDREN OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
E.I. Krasnova ◽  
◽  
G.S. Karpovich ◽  
T.V. Komissarova ◽  
I.I. Izvekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
First Year ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Materials and methods: a pilot open observational prospective study of 218 pediatric patients with laboratory-verified COVID-19 diagnosis was performed. The main epidemiological data were analyzed, including the age structure, as well as the features of the clinical course of this disease. The development of COVID-19 pneumonia was recorded in 11,5% of cases (25 patients), while more often pneumonia was recorded in children of the first year of life, as well as over 12 years of age (23,5% and 20% of cases, respectively) than in children of other age groups (p<0,05). CT-1 stage was recorded in 13 patients (52% of cases), CT-2 stage in 10 patients (40% of cases), CT-3 stage in 2 patients (8% of cases). The leading clinical symptoms of COVID-19 in children were: hyperemia of the mucous membranes of the pharynx – 100% of cases (218 patients); increased body temperature – 95,9% of cases (209 patients), while the average figures were 37,6 (36,6; 38,2)0 С; cough – 19,7% of cases (43 patients, of which 21 with pneumonia); diarrhea – 17,9% of cases (39 patients); vomiting – 6,4% of cases (14 patients); change in the auscultatory picture – 3,7% of cases (8 patients with pneumonia). In infants with COVID-19, diarrhea was more often recorded in comparison with patients in the age group over 13 years old (35% and 4% of cases, respectively; p=0,001). The development of cough was less often recorded in children of the first year of life, in Compared with patients over 13 years of age (9% and 40% of cases, respectively; p=0,004), the same trend was observed in COVID-19 pneumonia (25% and 89% of cases, respectively, p=0,02). Thus, the clinical picture of COVID-19 in pediatric patients is characterized by non-specific symptoms. There is a definite trend towards more frequent development of COVID-19 pneumonia in patients in the first year of life, as well as in puberty. Infants with COVID-19 pneumonia are characterized by a high incidence of atypical course of the disease, while adolescents are more likely to show a manifest clinical picture of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Maturational Changes in Peripheral Lymphocyte Subsets Pertinent to Monitoring Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Chinese Pediatric Patients

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 926-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Man Kam ◽  
Wai Lin Leung ◽  
Ka Hing Wong ◽  
Shui Shan Lee ◽  
Mi Yim Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Caucasian Population ◽  
First Year ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
First Year Of Life

ABSTRACT On the basis of results of testing of 212 peripheral blood samples from ethnic Chinese individuals in five age groups, ranging from birth to adulthood, by standardized flow cytometry techniques, we studied the maturational processes that are pertinent to monitoring the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected Chinese pediatric population. While the numbers of peripheral total white cells and percent lymphocytes declined from birth to adulthood, the percent CD3+ T lymphocytes was steady among all age groups studied. The numbers of CD3+ CD4+ (T-helper) cells decreased markedly after the first year of life, followed by a slower decline afterward and then a slight increase before adulthood. The trend for CD3+ CD8+ (T-suppressor) cells, however, was an increase among individuals of all age ranges. The numbers of CD19+ CD3− (B cells) increased only during the first year of life and then declined steadily, while natural killer (NK) cells showed the opposite pattern. Comparison of the results with those of studies done with a Caucasian population showed that both peripheral T-helper and T-suppressor cell numbers were low after the first year of life in the Chinese pediatric population in comparison with those in a Caucasian pediatric population. Lower B-cell counts and higher NK-cell counts were seen after the first year of life in the Chinese population than in the Caucasian population. It is important that for each HIV-infected population normative ranges of the lymphocyte subset be established to monitor HIV-infected pediatric patients.

scholarly journals Dendritic cells in the mucosa of the human trachea are not regularly found in the first year of life

Thorax ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Tschernig ◽  
A S Debertin ◽  
F Paulsen ◽  
W J Kleemann ◽  
R Pabst
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
First Year ◽  
Tracheal Mucosa ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Human Airways ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
First Year Of Life

BACKGROUNDDendritic cells (DCs) in the mucosa of the respiratory tract might be involved in the early development of pulmonary allergy or tolerance. To date, little is known about when the first DCs occur in human airways.METHODSSpecimens of the distal trachea from patients who had died from sudden death in the first year of life (n=29) and in older age groups (n=59) as well as from those who had died from respiratory tract infections in the first year of life (n=8) were examined by immunohistochemistry. Transmission electron microscopy was performed in additional samples from two adults.RESULTSIn the sudden death subgroup DCs were absent in 76% of those who died in the first year of life but were present in 53 of the 59 older cases. All infants who had died of respiratory infectious diseases had DCs in the tracheal mucosa.CONCLUSIONSMature DCs are not constitutively present in the human tracheobronchial mucosa in the first year of life, but their occurrence seems to be triggered by infectious stimuli. These data support the hypothesis that DCs play a crucial role in immunoregulation in early childhood.

THE NEPHROTIC SYNDROME IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-976
Author(s):  
R. A. Parker ◽  
Carolyn F. Piel
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Cortical Area ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Renal Pathology ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
First Year ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
First Year Of Life

The clinical course of nephrosis in five infants with onset of disease before 7 months of age is presented, together with evaluation of renal lesions seen at necropsy. The problems of the management of nephrosis susceptibility to infection and water and electrolyte imbalance were found to be exaggerated by the young age of the patients. The renal pathology observed in these five infants consisted of persistence of immature glomeruli and dilatation of the tubules in the cortical area. Later, the immature glomeruli and associated tubules appear to atrophy and the remaining glomeruli to hypertrophy. Long-term adrenocorticosteroid therapy seems to be contraindicated, not only on the basis of the pathologic changes, but because it greatly exaggerates the problems of management and does not effect a remission of the disease.

scholarly journals Factor IX Level in Various Conditions

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Veltkamp
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Hemophilia B ◽  
First Year ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Slow Rise ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Substantial Rise ◽  
Abrupt Rise

In newborns the factor IX level is only 20-60% of that observed in adults. This implies that factor IX levels have to increase with age, as was demonstrated already by Simpson and Biggs (1962). A rapid rise might occur in the first year of life, as is the case for albumen. During life, then, a slow rise continues, as was also demonstrated for factors V and VII (Brozovic 1976, 1974). It is of special interest that for factors VII and IX, both vitamin K dependant clotting factors, not onlyage but also hormones influence the activity level. Both the oestrogen containing contraceptive pill and pregnancy cause a substantial rise in factor IX level, both activity and CRM. 7 Years ago we started to measure factor IX levels every 3 months in 10 children, now at the age of 19, to see whether an abrupt rise would occur during puberty; this was not so. This information was considered relevant for the explanation of the appearance of factor IX activity and CRM in patients with hemophilia B Leyden during puberty. After a rise from <1% to 20% factor IX in the age period from 15 to 20 factor IX continues to rise at a slower rate and may reach 50% in old age. Clinical symptoms disappear. There is no good explanation for this phenomenon that occurs in patients from two probably related kindreds with hemophilia B in The Netherlands.

scholarly journals The intensity of natural selection in man

1912 ◽  
Vol 85 (581) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
First Year ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
High Infant Mortality ◽  
Total Death ◽  
Selective Death ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Varying Environment

(1) In a paper communicated to the Royal Society in 1899, and later in greater elaboration published in ‘Biometrika,’ 1901, it has been shown on the basis of the inheritance of longevity that the selective death-rate in man amounted to at least 60 per cent. to 80 per cent. of the total death-rate. The matter has been recently reconsidered by Prof. Ploetz, who, dealing with material wholly different from that of Beeton and Pearson came to similar conclusions. The point is a very vital one, for, combined with: (i) the heredity of physical and mental characters in man, and (ii) the demonstration that the longer-lived have more offspring, we reach a definite knowledge that Darwinism does apply, and very intensely applies, even to man under civilised conditions. The difficulty of a direct investigation of the problem lies in securing uniformity of environment. W e have to demonstrate that when under the same environment there is a heavier death-rate among a given group of human beings, then among the survivors of this group in a given later period the death-rate will be lessened. Now each group of individuals we attempt to deal with has its own environment, and if that is a bad environment we should expect to find a heavy death-rate both at the earlier and later periods; this obviously must obscure the action of natural selection. For example in districts with a high infant mortality we might expect a high child mortality, say deaths from two to five years of life, because a bad environment sends up the intensity of both. The correlation between deaths in the first year of life (0—1) and in the next four years of life (1—5) for a given district will certainly be positive if no correction be made for varying environment. Quite recently this matter has been discussed by determining the correlation between the ages 0—1 and 1—5 in the administrative counties of England and Wales. As ( a ) the group 0—1 was not followed to 1—5, but the deaths in these age-groups for the same years were dealt with, and ( b ) no allowance whatever was made for the differential environment of the administrative counties, it is difficult to find any real bearing of the data on the problem of natural selection in man.

P01-303-Vegetative status in infants of high-risk for schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 305-305
Author(s):  
M.A. Kalinina ◽  
G.N. Schimonova
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Autonomic Tone ◽  
Autonomic Disorders ◽  
First Year Of Life

IntroductionThe study of clinical features and prognostic significance of autonomic disorders are among the most pressing problems of modern medicine.ObjectivesDynamically within 5 years were observed 50 children at high risk for schizophrenia and 40 children with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy of the general population. Aims. Evaluation of prognostic significance of autonomic disorders in infancy for mental health in older age groups.MethodsAll patients were examined by clinical methods and EEG, neurosonografia, original screening tables for early childhood.ResultsIn the first year of life in children at high risk for schizophrenia observed mental and motor development within the syndrome of PDD.In infancy the vagotonic orientation prevailed 72, 5%. By 3 years it changed to the amphotonic orientation reaching 76, 0% of children, while the 10, 0% acquired sympathotony, the rest remained vagotonic.The mental state of 37 children to 5 years qualified as schizotipical disorder (F 21.8). In 13 children it was diagnosed schizophrenia, children's type (F20.8). Frequent and sudden changes in the type of tonus correlated with the deterioration of the mental state of a different nature.In the control group at the first year of life prevailed vagotonic orientation, which gradually to age of one year changed by eutonic. During the first 3–5 months of infancy revealed some unstable circulatory, sleep disorders.ConclusionsThe instability of autonomic tone and an abundance of vegetative violations indicate the risk of mental pathology.

scholarly journals Intestinal Malrotation, Mesocolic Hernia, and Meckel Diverticulum – Differential Diagnosis of Abdominal Pain in Adults: Case Report and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (03) ◽  
pp. 325-328
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinícius Silva Costa ◽  
Márcia Cristina de Alencastro ◽  
Samyra Braz de Linica ◽  
Tiago dos Santos Ferreira ◽  
Edson Soares Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Intestinal Malrotation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Meckel Diverticulum ◽  
Intestinal Segments ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Specific Symptoms

AbstractIntestinal malrotation is a congenital anomaly caused by incomplete rotation or absence of rotation of the primitive intestine along the axis of the upper mesenteric artery during embryonic development. Embryonic development and its anatomical variations were described by Dott in 1923.Intestinal malrotation is a rare condition among adults – prevalent in a mere 0.0001% to 0.19% of the population –, and it may be associated with other anatomical deformities. It can be asymptomatic or manifest with varying intensity, from obstruction to necrosis of intestinal segments. In general, this abnormality is diagnosed in the first year of life; however, symptoms may appear later in life, making diagnosis in adults difficult on account of non-specific symptoms.In the present study, we report a case of intestinal malrotation associated with chronic non-specific symptoms progressing to mesenteric angina.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Rotarix® vaccine in Africa in the first decade of progressive introduction, 2009-2019:  systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Nickson Murunga ◽  
Grieven P. Otieno ◽  
Marta Maia ◽  
Charles N. Agoti
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Full Dose ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Group A ◽  
First Year Of Life

Background: Randomized controlled trials of licensed oral rotavirus group A (RVA) vaccines, indicated lower efficacy in developing countries compared to developed countries. We investigated the pooled effectiveness of Rotarix® in Africa in 2019, a decade since progressive introduction began in 2009. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed to identify studies that investigated the effectiveness of routine RVA vaccination in an African country between 2009 and 2019. A meta-analysis was undertaken to estimate pooled effectiveness of the full-dose versus partial-dose of Rotarix® (RV1) vaccine and in different age groups. Pooled odds ratios were estimated using random effects model and the risk of bias assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The quality of the evidence was assessed using GRADE. Results: By December 2019, 39 (72%) countries in Africa had introduced RVA vaccination, of which 34 were using RV1. Thirteen eligible studies from eight countries were included in meta-analysis for vaccine effectiveness (VE) of RVA by vaccine dosage (full or partial) and age categories. Pooled RV1 VE against RVA associated hospitalizations was 44% (95% confidence interval (CI) 28-57%) for partial dose versus 58% (95% CI 50-65%) for full dose. VE was 61% (95% CI 50-69%), 55% (95% CI 32-71%), 56% (95% CI 43-67%), and 61% (95% CI 42-73%) for children aged <12 months, 12-23 months, <24 months and 12-59 months, respectively. Conclusion: RV1 vaccine use has resulted in a significant reduction in severe diarrhoea in African children and its VE is close to the efficacy findings observed in clinical trials. RV1 VE point estimate was higher for children who received full dose than those who received partial dose, and its protection lasted beyond the first year of life.

scholarly journals Follow-up evaluation of children with birth weight less than or equal to 2,000 g

2004 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia de Freitas ◽  
Arnaldo Siqueira ◽  
Conceição Aparecida de Mattos Segre
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽  
First Year ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Reference Curve ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
First Year Of Life

CONTEXT: During the first year of life, the growth process is highly vulnerable to several impairing factors that need to be understood. OBJECTIVE: To perform follow-up evaluation on newborns weighing less than or equal to 2,000 g in a population of low socioeconomic level. TYPE OF STUDY: Retrospective. SETTING: Hospital Maternidade Escola de Vila Nova Cachoeirinha, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: The study included 60 children born between March 1996 and January 1998, weighing less than or equal to 2,000 g. They were divided into three subgroups, according to birth weight and adequacy for gestational age. The factors studied were maternal variables, illnesses among the newborns, hospital admissions subsequent to discharge from the nursery, and the evolution of weight from birth until 12 months of life. Statistical analyses were performed through application of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) V.9.0 and Curve Expert 1.3 programs. RESULTS: Previous maternal diseases occurred in 38.6% of the pregnant women and intercurrent events occurred in 100%. The prevailing neonatal diseases were sepsis (30%) and hyaline membrane disease (25%). There were 404 visits on an outpatient basis: the most frequently diagnosed complaints related to respiratory diseases (26%). Among visits to specialists, 81.7% were to the neuropediatrician. A diagnosis of normality was made for 80% of all visits, for all specialties. For each of these groups, a growth curve was established. These were shown to be below the reference curve standards, with such differences least evident with regard to the children's corrected age. DISCUSSION: The severity of the newborns'conditions may be related to the high incidence of maternal diseases prior to pregnancy as well as intercurrent events during pregnancy. The differences in growth in relation to NCHS charts show that corrected age should be used as a parameter. CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic conditions, clinical/obstetric events and newborn diseases during the hospital stay had repercussions on these children's progress during their first year of life. Their growth profile was found to be very far from the reference standard, thus indicating a need for constant, differentiated assessment.

scholarly journals XPC and POLH/XPV Genes Mutated in a Genetic Cluster of Xeroderma Pigmentosum Patients in Northeast Brazil

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligia Pereira Castro ◽  
Danilo Batista-Vieira ◽  
Tiago Antonio de Souza ◽  
Ana Rafaela de Souza Timoteo ◽  
Jessica Dayanna Landivar Coutinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xeroderma Pigmentosum ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
First Year ◽  
Genetic Condition ◽  
Genetic Cluster ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Comoro Island ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Defective Dna Repair

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genetic condition in which exposure to sunlight leads to a high tumor incidence due to defective DNA repair machinery. Herein, we investigated seven patients clinically diagnosed with XP living in a small city, Montanhas (Rio Grande do Norte), in the Northeast region of Brazil. We performed high-throughput sequencing and, surprisingly, identified two different mutated genes. Six patients carry a novel homozygote mutation in the POLH/XPV gene, c.672_673insT (p.Leu225Serfs*33), while one patient carries a homozygote mutation in the XPC gene, c.2251-1G&gt;C. This latter mutation was previously described in Southeastern Africa (Comoro Island and Mozambique), Pakistan, and in a high incidence in Brazil. The XP-C patient had the first symptoms before the first year of life with aggressive ophthalmologic tumor progression and a melanoma onset at 7 years of age. The XP-V patients presented a milder phenotype with later onset of the disorder (mean age of 16 years old), and one of the six XP-V patients developed melanoma at 72 years. The photoprotection is minimal among them, mainly for the XP-V patients. The differences in the disease severity between XP-C (more aggressive) and XP-V (milder) patients are obvious and point to the major role of photoprotection in the XPs. We estimate that the incidence of XP patients at Montanhas can be higher, but with no diagnosis, due to poor health assistance. Patients still suffer from the stigmatization of the condition, impairing diagnosis, education for sun protection, and medical care.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document