scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Drug Resistance Mechanisms, and Therapy of Infections with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Brown-Elliott ◽  
K. A. Nash ◽  
R. J. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Occurrence of Non-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli and Their In Vitro Susceptibility Pattern by Vitek 2 at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital – An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 429-434
Author(s):  
Atit Dineshchandra Shah ◽  
Urvashi Natubhai Limbachia ◽  
Bhavin K. Prajapati ◽  
Lata Patel ◽  
Dharati Tusharbhai Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Vitek 2

BACKGROUND Non fermenting gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) are a group of heterogenous, aerobic and non-sporing saprophytic bacteria, found as commensals in humans and other animals primarily causing opportunistic healthcare-associated infections. They are innately resistant to many antibiotics and are known to acquire resistance by various mechanisms. They pose a particular difficulty for the healthcare community because multidrug resistance is common and increasing among them and a number of strains have now been identified that exhibit pan drug resistance. This study was conducted to isolate and identify various non-fermenter gram negative bacilli (NFGNB), to study their antibiotic sensitivity pattern and their clinical significance from various clinical samples. METHODS A study was undertaken from March 2019 to February 2020 to isolate NFGNB from various clinical samples received for culture and sensitivity in the department of microbiology in a tertiary care hospital, Ahmedabad. Non lactose fermenting colonies on MacConkey agar plates were further processed by Vitek 2 to identify them and to study their antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). RESULTS A total of 2010 NFGNB were isolated from various clinical samples and their AST was evaluated by Vitek 2. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (52.7 %) and Acinetobacter baumannii (36.5 %) were the most common NFGNB isolated. Carbapenem resistance was 93 % for Acinetobacter species and 61 % for Pseudomonas species. CONCLUSIONS Accurate and rapid identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of NFGNB help in early initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy and proper management of patients thereby help in reducing emergence of MDR strains of NFGNB, mortality and overall hospital stay. KEYWORDS NFGNB – Non-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli, Multidrug Resistance, Pan Drug Resistance, Carbapenem Resistance

scholarly journals A Multispecies Cluster of GES-5 Carbapenemase–Producing Enterobacterales Linked by a Geographically Disseminated Plasmid

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2553-2560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Ellington ◽  
Frances Davies ◽  
Elita Jauneikaite ◽  
Katie L Hopkins ◽  
Jane F Turton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Rapid Diagnostics ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Accurate Treatment ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Early and accurate treatment of infections due to carbapenem-resistant organisms is facilitated by rapid diagnostics, but rare resistance mechanisms can compromise detection. One year after a Guiana Extended-Spectrum (GES)-5 carbapenemase–positive Klebsiella oxytoca infection was identified by whole-genome sequencing (WGS; later found to be part of a cluster of 3 cases), a cluster of 11 patients with GES-5–positive K. oxytoca was identified over 18 weeks in the same hospital. Methods Bacteria were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry, antimicrobial susceptibility testing followed European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing guidelines. Ertapenem-resistant isolates were referred to Public Health England for characterization using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of GES, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and WGS for the second cluster. Results The identification of the first GES-5 K. oxytoca isolate was delayed, being identified by WGS. Implementation of a GES-gene PCR informed the occurrence of the second cluster in real time. In contrast to PFGE, WGS phylogenetic analysis refuted an epidemiological link between the 2 clusters; it also suggested a cascade of patient-to-patient transmission in the later cluster. A novel GES-5–encoding plasmid was present in K. oxytoca, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter cloacae isolates from unlinked patients within the same hospital group and in human and wastewater isolates from 3 hospitals elsewhere in the United Kingdom. Conclusions Genomic sequencing revolutionized the epidemiological understanding of the clusters; it also underlined the risk of covert plasmid propagation in healthcare settings and revealed the national distribution of the resistance-encoding plasmid. Sequencing results also informed and led to the ongoing use of enhanced diagnostic tests for detecting carbapenemases locally and nationally.

scholarly journals 1365. Profiling Extrapulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infections and Predictors for rapid-growing Species: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S494-S494
Author(s):  
Jung Ho Kim ◽  
Woon Ji Lee ◽  
Hye Seong ◽  
In Young Jung ◽  
Eun Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Bone And Joint Infections

Abstract Background Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease is increasing worldwide and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. It is found that 20 to 30% of NTM isolates are of extrapulmonary origin. However, Studies about extrapulmonary NTM infections have been limited. Thus, we aim to describe the diversity of NTM infections and correlate these observations with clinical data. Methods We analyzed all symptomatic patients with positive NTM cultures in sterile extrapulmonary sites at three tertiary care centers in South Korea between January 2006 and June 2018. We collected patient information including predisposing factors, diversity of NTM isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, treatment regimens, and outcomes. Results A total of 117 patients (46 males vs. 71 females) were included. The median age of the patients was 54 years. There are a lot of infections associated with medical procedures like surgery, but about half of cases (54.7%) are unknown origin. Skin and soft-tissue infections predominated (34.2%), followed by bone and joint infections (28.2%). Of 117 NTM isolates, 66 NTM subspecies were identified. Mycobacterium intracellulare (34.8%) was the most common species identified, followed rapid-growing NTM (RGM) species such as M. fortuitum complex (21.2%), M. abscessus (15.2%), M. massiliense (10.6%), and M. chelonae (9.1%). In skin and soft-tissue infections, RGM species were predominantly identified (26/28, 92.9%), whereas slow-growing NTM (SGM) species were mainly identified in bone and joint infections (18/26, 69.2%). The difference of isolated sites was verified by post hoc test and female sex (OR 4.72; P < 0.001) and skin and soft-tissue infections (OR 25.33; P < 0.001) were identified as predictors of RGM by logistic regression analysis. Based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing, fluoroquinolone and macrolide were mainly used for RGM treatment, and rifamycin-ethambutol-macrolide-based regimen was predominantly used for SGM treatment. Conclusion Skin and soft-tissue infection were predominantly caused by RGM, whereas bone and joint infection is mainly caused by SGM. Species-specific and region-specific data that integrate clinical and microbiologic information is crucial in determining treatment direction. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ofMycobacterium bovisIsolates from Michigan White-Tailed Deer during the 2009 Hunting Season

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Fitzgerald ◽  
Angie M. Schooley ◽  
Dale E. Berry ◽  
John B. Kaneene
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Hunting Season ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Free Ranging

Michigan has had an ongoing outbreak of endemicMycobacterium boviswhich has been recognized within and sustained by its free-ranging white-tailed deer population since 1994. Worldwide, organisms within theMycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex have exhibited the ability to develop resistance to antimicrobial agents, resulting in both the multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of human tuberculosis. Michigan's Bovine Tuberculosis Working Group has conducted active antimicrobial susceptibility testing on wildlife isolates of the endemicM. bovisorganism at five-year intervals to detect any emerging drug resistance patterns. The results of 33 white-tailed deer origin isolates collected from the 2009 hunting season are reported here. There continues to be no evidence of any drug resistance except for pyrazinamide resistance. These results are likely due to the lack of antibacterial treatment applied to either wildlife or domestic animals which would provide selection pressure for the development of drug resistance.

scholarly journals Biofilm Detection on Catheter Associated Uropathogenic Bacteriuria among Fistula Patients Attending National Obstetric Fistula Centre Ningi, Bauchi State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-184
Author(s):  
Ngozi V. Uzuegbunam ◽  
Faruk A. Umar ◽  
Bassey Enya Bassey
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Obstetric Fistula ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Significant Bacteriuria ◽  
Agar Method

Background: Biofilm production caused by bacteria plays a vital role in catheter associated urinary tract infection (UTI) or bacteriuria being responsible for persistence and recurrent infection. Biofilms forming bacteria are difficult to eradicate due to antimicrobial resistance to the commonly used antibiotic. Biofilms are currently estimated to be responsible for over 65% of nosocomial infections and 80% of microbial infections. This study aimed to perform biofilm detection on uropathogenic bacterial isolates among fistula patients attending National Obstetric Fistula centre Ningi and investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Methods: A total of 217 strains of significant bacteriuria were isolated from vesico vaginal fistula (VVF) patients. A cross sectional study was conducted at the hospital. The urine samples were collected and cultured on CLED and blood agar media while confirmation was done using their biochemical reaction. The detection of biofilms formation on the isolates was performed using tube adherence and Congo red agar method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by disc diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar. Results: Out of 217 significant bacteriuria isolated, 38 strains produced biofilms;28 strains tested positive on tube adherence method while 15 strains were positive on Congo red agar method. Bacteria that produced biofim showed multiple drug resistance compared to the platonic bacterial cells. All the biofilm producers showed 100% resistant to septrin, ampiclox, gentamycin and amoxicillin. There was no significant value between tube adherence and Congo red agar method with P value > 0.05. Conclusion: Biofilm detection should form part of routine testing while antimicrobial susceptibility testing is paramount on better choice of antibiotic therapy for proper management to reduce economic lost, treatment failure and drug resistance.

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