scholarly journals New and emerging yeast pathogens.

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
K C Hazen
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Central Venous Catheter Removal ◽  
Hansenula Anomala ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Rhodotorula Species ◽  
Seriously Ill Patients ◽  
Trichosporon Beigelii

The most common yeast species that act as agents of human disease are Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, and Cryptococcus neoformans. The incidence of infections by other yeasts has increased during the past decade. The most evident emerging pathogens are Malassezia furfur, Trichosporon beigelii, Rhodotorula species, Hansenula anomala, Candida lusitaniae, and Candida krusei. Organisms once considered environmental contaminants or only industrially important, such as Candida utilis and Candida lipolytica, have now been implicated as agents of fungemia, onychomycosis, and systemic disease. The unusual yeasts primarily infect immunocompromised patients, newborns, and the elderly. The role of central venous catheter removal and antifungal therapy in patient management is controversial. The antibiograms of the unusual yeasts range from resistant to the most recent azoles and amphotericin B to highly susceptible to all antifungal agents. Current routine methods for yeast identification may be insufficient to identify the unusual yeasts within 2 days after isolation. The recognition of unusual yeasts as agents of sometimes life-threatening infection and their unpredictable antifungal susceptibilities increase the burden on the clinical mycology laboratory to pursue complete species identification and MIC determinations. Given the current and evolving medical practices for management of seriously ill patients, further evaluations of the clinically important data about these yeasts are needed.

Systemic Diseases Associated with Nasal Symptoms

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy A. Settipane
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Csf Rhinorrhea ◽  
Nasal Symptoms ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Careful History

Many systemic diseases are associated with nasal symptoms, Rhinitis associated with asthma is probably the most common with leprosy and fungal infections being the rarest. A careful history and nasal examination in a patient with rhinitis may lead to the discovery of more significant systemic diseases. Proper treatment of systemic disease will often cure or improve the associated rhinitis. Similarly, appropriate treatment of the rhinitis/sinusitis may reduce systemic complaints such as asthma. At times, identification of the cause of rhinitis as in CSF rhinorrhea, Wegeners’ syndrome, etc., alerts one to a life-threatening entity. Thus, it is apparent that the nose is an excellent mirror of some systemic diseases and identifying and understanding the differential diagnosis of nasal symptoms may be a tremendous help in diagnosing the disease and treating the whole patient.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and management of catheter-related bloodstream infections in patients on home parenteral nutrition

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Bond ◽  
Paul Chadwick ◽  
Trevor R Smith ◽  
Jeremy M D Nightingale ◽  
Simon Lal
Keyword(s):  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Central Venous Catheter Removal ◽  
Support Team

Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) commonly arise from a parenteral nutrition catheter hub. A target for a Nutrition Support Team is to have a CRBSI rate of less than 1 per 1000. The diagnosis of CRBSI is suspected clinically by a temperature shortly after setting up a feed, general malaise or raised blood inflammatory markers. It is confirmed by qualitative and quantitative blood cultures from the catheter and peripherally. Treatment of inpatients may involve central venous catheter removal and antibiotics for patients needing short-term parenteral nutrition, but catheter salvage is generally recommended for patients needing long-term parenteral nutrition, where appropriate.

scholarly journals Neurologic and Neuroscientific Evidence in Aged COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shraddha Mainali ◽  
Marin E. Darsie
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Medical Comorbidities ◽  
Viral Illness ◽  
Atypical Presentations ◽  
Severe Systemic Disease

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to prevail as a catastrophic wave infecting over 111 million people globally, claiming 2. 4 million lives to date. Aged individuals are particularly vulnerable to this disease due to their fraility, immune dysfunction, and higher rates of medical comorbidities, among other causes. Apart from the primary respiratory illness, this virus is known to cause multi-organ dysfunction including renal, cardiac, and neurologic injuries, particularly in the critically-ill cohorts. Elderly patients 65 years of age or older are known to have more severe systemic disease and higher rates of neurologic complications. Morbidity and mortality is very high in the elderly population with 6–930 times higher likelihood of death compared to younger cohorts, with the highest risk in elderly patients ≥85 years and especially those with medical comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and underlying respiratory illness. Commonly reported neurologic dysfunctions of COVID-19 include headache, fatigue, dizziness, and confusion. Elderly patients may manifest atypical presentations like fall or postural instability. Other important neurologic dysfunctions in the elderly include cerebrovascular diseases, cognitive impairment, and neuropsychiatric illnesses. Elderly patients with preexisting neurologic diseases are susceptibility to severe COVID-19 infection and higher rates of mortality. Treatment of neurologic dysfunction of COVID-19 is based on existing practice standards of specific neurologic condition in conjunction with systemic treatment of the viral illness. The physical, emotional, psychologic, and financial implications of COVID-19 pandemic have been severe. Long-term data are still needed to understand the lasting effects of this devastating pandemic.

Dermatology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Simcox
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Dermatological Examination ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Uk

Skin disease has a serious impact on an individual’s quality of life. It is well recognized that conditions such as psoriasis may have a similar impact on a patient’s quality of life to chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and depression. Skin problems account for approximately 20% of all patient consultations in primary care in the UK. It is important that clinicians are able to diagnose common skin diseases such as acne, eczema, psoriasis, and cutaneous malignancies and initiate an appropriate management plan. This requires the ability to take a full history and conduct a complete examination. A complete dermatological examination involves examination of the entire skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nails. The description of cutaneous pathologies should include the location and distribution of lesions. The morphology of a lesion or each component of a generalized eruption should be noted. Other organ systems may also need to be examined. The questions in this chapter will test your knowledge of the skin problems that are frequently encountered in non-specialist clinical practice. Other more rare skin disorders are also covered, either because they are potentially life-threatening or because they are a sign of systemic disease. The questions are designed to improve your ability to recognize the morphology and distribution of cutaneous physical signs. Hopefully you will find these questions stimulating and an aid to improving your knowledge of skin disease.

scholarly journals Drug compliance and the elderly: who is publishing, where, and when?

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Juarez Vieira Teixeira ◽  
Fernando Lefèvre ◽  
Lia Lusitana Cardoso de Castro ◽  
Aracy Witt de Pinho Spínola
Keyword(s):  
Population Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Drug Prescriptions ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Drug Compliance ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Life Threatening

Population aging has occurred in a rather heterogeneous way worldwide. The increasing size of the elder age group highlights various health-related problems for the elderly. One such issue is non-compliance with drug prescriptions, a potential source of serious, even life-threatening problems for the patient. The authors have proposed to identify and rank countries that develop research on drug compliance among the elderly, relevant periodicals, and the frequency articles were published between January 1987 and December 1997. A descriptive study was carried out on the basis of a bibliographical review. Three databases were surveyed: MEDLINE, SOCIOFILE e LILACS. The sample included 440 articles, limited to the behavioral sphere. The number of periodicals recorded was 255, varying from one to ten articles. The number of articles published during the study period varied from 23 in 1987 to 49 in 1992, dropping to 29 in 1997. Frequency of the number of articles/year was erratic up to 1992, leveling off from 1993 on at more than double the baseline figure. The authors emphasize the need for developing multi-focused research worldwide.

scholarly journals Statin-induced apoptosis and skeletal myopathy

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (6) ◽  
pp. C1208-C1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amie J. Dirks ◽  
Kimberly M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Reductase Inhibitors ◽  
Skeletal Myopathy ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Effective Drugs

Over 100 million prescriptions were filled for statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) in 2004. Statins were originally developed to lower plasma cholesterol in patients with hypercholesterolemia and are the most effective drugs on the market in doing so. Because of the discovered pleiotropic effects of statins, the use has expanded to the treatment of many other conditions, including ventricular arrythmias, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, cancer, osteoporosis, and diabetes. The elderly population is growing. Therefore, it is estimated that the number of statin users will also increase. Fortunately, the use of statins is relatively safe with few side effects. Myopathy is the most common side effect with symptoms ranging from fatigue, weakness, and pain to symptoms associated with rhabdomyolysis which is a life-threatening condition. The development of statin-induced rhabdomyolysis is rare occurring in ∼0.1% of patients; however, the occurrence of less severe symptoms is underreported and may be 1–5% or more. Physical exercise appears to increase the likelihood for the development of myopathy in patients taking statins. It is thought that as many as 25% of statin users who exercise may experience muscle fatigue, weakness, aches, and cramping due to statin therapy and potentially dismissed by the patient and physician. The mechanisms causing statin-induced myopathy have not been elucidated; however, research efforts suggest that apoptosis of myofibers may contribute. The mitochondrion is considered a regulatory center of apoptosis, and therefore its role in the induction of apoptosis will be discussed as well as the mechanism of statin-induced apoptosis and myopathy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document