BitterMatch: Recommendation systems for matching molecules with bitter taste receptors

Bitterness is an aversive cue elicited by thousands of chemically diverse compounds. Bitter taste may prevent consumption of foods and jeopardize drug compliance. The G protein-coupled receptors for bitter taste, TAS2Rs, have species-dependent number of subtypes and varying expression levels in extraoral tissues. Molecular recognition by TAS2R subtypes is physiologically important, and presents a challenging case study for ligand-receptor matchmaking. Inspired by hybrid recommendation systems, we developed a new set of similarity features, and created the BitterMatch algorithm that predicts associations of ligands to receptors with ~80% precision at ~50% recall. Associations for several compounds were tested in-vitro, resulting in 80% precision and 42% recall. The encouraging performance was achieved by including receptor properties and integrating experimentally determined ligand-receptor associations with chemical ligand-to-ligand similarities. BitterMatch can predict off-targets for bitter drugs, identify novel ligands and guide flavor design. Inclusion of neighbor-informed similarities improves as experimental data mounts, and provides a generalizable framework for molecule-biotarget matching.

INFLUENCE OF INFORMATION, MOTIVATION, AND BEHAVIOR OF “TRISNA” TO DRUG COMPLIANCE. NUTRITIONAL STATUS, AND FAMILY SUPPORT IN PATIENTS WITH TUBERCULOSI

Indonesia is one of the five countries with the highest number of patients with tuberculosis (TB) worldwide, owing to patients being undetected and untreated. This study aims to analyze the effect of the Information, Motivation, and Behavior (IMB) Skill with “Trisna” approach on the management of drug compliance, nutritional status, and family support for patients with TB. This research is a quasi-experiment with pretest-posttest and control group design. Information about tuberculosis, medication adherence, nutritional status, family support and motivation are provided through training. At the end of training, each patient is given an alarm clock that can be used as a reminder to take medication. One form of family support is done by teaching the song “satu-satu” to remind patients to take medicine so as to minimize forgetting to take medicine. “TRISNA” is an attitude that accompanies TB cadres in providing health services to TB patioents. The socialization of the attitude of “TRISNA” was given by researchers to TB cadres before carrying out IMB training for TB patients. Compliance after intervention in the intervention group (mean, 10.80; SD, 0.98) was higher than in the control group (mean, 10.46; SD, 1.12) and effect size (ES) value of 4.16. Body mass index (BMI) in the intervention group (mean, 23.40; SD, 1.08) was higher than in the control group (mean, 21.43; SD, 0.75) and ES value of 1.95. Family support in the intervention group (mean, 106.28; SD, 22.00) was higher than in the control group (mean, 94.00; SD, 8.40) and ES value of 0.69. In managing patients with TB, the provision of IMB Intervention Skill with “Trisna” approach could improve medication compliance, nutritional status, and family support.

Analysis of Drug Compliance among Patients Suffering from Deep Vein Thrombosis

Objective: The objective of current research was to identify the compliance of commonly prescribed antithrombotic drug among patients who suffering from Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional research on adults with age of 18-65 years suffering from DVT were conducted on medicine department of Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Hospital of Larkana. Three hundred and forty eight DVT patients were consecutive selected during the period of six months from January 2021 to June 2021. Data of DVT patients was collected by using standard proforma and analyzed with statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 25. Results: Majority of DVT patients evaluated during study period were male 237 (61.7%) patients and 147 (38.3%) DVT patients were female. Mean age of DVT patients was 43.78 ± 12.43 (18-65) years. Most of the patients were in age group of 51-65 years having 126 (32.8%) patients followed by 41-50 years having 104 (27.1%) patients, 31-40 years having 93 (24.2%) patients and 18-30 years having 61 (15.9%) patients. Majority of DVT patients were from urban areas 217 (56.5%) patients followed by rural areas 167 (43.5%) patients. Drug compliance in illiterate patients was 107 (36.1%). Drug compliance in indoor job patients was 102 (34.5%) whereas drug compliance in jobless patients was 59 (19.1%). Drug compliance in positive medication history was 207 (69.9%). Drug compliance in Hypertensive patients was 33 (11.1%) in congestive heart failure patients 27 (9.1%), in ischemic stroke 15 (5.1%). Whereas, the drug compliance among diabetes mellitus patients was 13 (4.4%). Overall drug compliance with antithrombotic drugs was reported in 296 (77.1%) DVT patients. Conclusion: Current research concludes that rate of drug compliance was high in patients of DVT with rivaroxaban followed by warfarin and heparin, whereas long duration of therapy, polypharmacy, side effects of therapy, cost of therapy, continuous monitoring, injectables, diet restrictions and ADRs of therapy were the most commonly reported factors of non-compliance.

Comparative Study of Compliance and Factors Affecting Compliance among Commonly Used Drugs in Deep Vein Thrombosis Patients

Objectives: The objective of current research was to identify the compliance of antithrombotic drug (heparin, warfarin and Rivaroxaban) and factors of non-compliance associated with heparin, warfarin and rivaroxaban. Methodology: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted on patients suffering from Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) at government teaching hospital of Larkana. 348 DVT patients were selected by using online sample calculator software. Data was collected by using pre validated questionnaire after taking patient consent; finally the data was analyzed with statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 25. Results: The compliance with rivaroxaban was present in 103 (80.5%) patients followed by heparin drug compliance in 95 (74.2%) DVT patients and warfarin drug compliance in 98 (76.6%) DVT patients. Non-compliance factors with rivaroxaban were; cost in 4 (16.0%) patients, polypharmacy in 6 (24.0%) patients, side effects in 4 (16.0%) patients and prolong therapy in 11 (44.0%) patients. Non-compliance factors with heparin were; monitoring in 13 (39.4%) patients, diet restriction in 6 (18.2%) patients, injectable in 10 (30.3%) patients and ADR in 4 (12.1%) patients. Non-compliance factors with warfarin were; cost in 4 (13.3%) patients, polypharmacy in 8 (26.7%) patients, prolong therapy in 5 (16.7%) patients and ADR in 13 (43.3%) patients. Conclusion: This study concludes that rate of drug compliance was high in patients of DVT with rivaroxaban followed by warfarin and heparin, whereas long duration of therapy, polypharmacy, side effects of therapy, cost of therapy, continuous monitoring, injectables, diet restrictions and ADRs of therapy were the most commonly reported factors of non-compliance.

LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE WITH TREATMENT REGIME OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS ON OUTPATIENTS

Objectives: To evaluate the compliance of patients with treatment regime of type 2 diabetes on outpatients at Dong Thap Regional General Hospital. Objects and methods: Retrospective descriptive study on 240 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and outpatient treatment at Dong Thap General Hospital. Results: The percentage of patients who always adhered to the treatment regime was not high: 38.40% of patients always limited the use of fast hyperglycemic foods; 30.28% of patients always limited the intake of high-fat foods; The rate of patients who always ate washy foods was 27.68%, the rate of patients who always limited drinking beer and alcohol was 28.12%, 31.45% of patients always consumed fiber foods. The rate of patients complying with exercise regimes was an average level: 53.48% patients had the regular adherence to exercise regimes. The rate of good compliance of using drugs was an average level of 60.43%, still having 11.30% of patients were poor drug compliance. Conclusion: The proportion of patients who always adhered to the treatment regime was not high. The percentage of patients adhering to the exercise regimen was moderate. The proportion of patients who complied with good drug administration was moderate.

ŞİZOFRENİ TANILI BİREYLERDE MOTİVASYONEL GÖRÜŞME YÖNTEMİNİN İLAÇ UYUMUNA ETKİSİ: BİR META-ANALİZ ÇALIŞMASI

This main purpose is to reveal the drug compliance of motivational interview method in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia as an information to previous studies. The research was carried out by scanning the articles in PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Pscyh-Info, Turkish Psychiatry Directory, Ulakbim, YÖK National Thesis Center, Dergipark, Turkish Medline and Turkiye Klinikleri databases between January-February 2021. 1713 records were reached in the screening. The full text of 825 articles were examined according to the access and exclusion criteria, and 4 studies reporting results about the effect of motivational interviewing on drug compliance in individuals with schizophrenia were included in the analysis. The studies included a total of 384 individuals, including 190 (49.47%) and 194 (51.53%) individuals in the control group. Three of the studies were randomized controlled experimental studies and one was pretest-posttest controlled experimental study. Our study concluded that the motivational interview method is effective in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. Perhaps this research is recommended to be conducted for researches on research articles in Turkish society on the basis of written research.

Effect of Dosing Interval on Compliance of Osteoporosis Patients on Bisphosphonate Therapy: Observational Study Using Nationwide Insurance Claims Data

Only a few studies are available on the effect of the dosing interval of bisphosphonate on drug compliance. We analyzed the data of patients who were newly prescribed bisphosphonate using a national insurance claims database. Drug compliance was assessed by calculating medication possession ratio (MPR) over a minimum of a 1-year follow-up. This analysis included 281,996 new bisphosphonate users with a mean age of 68.9 years (92% women). The patients were divided into daily, weekly, monthly, 3-monthly, and switch groups (who changed the drug to other dosing intervals). The average MPR was the highest in the switch group (66%), and the longer the dosing interval, the higher the compliance (3-monthly, 56% vs. daily, 37%). “Non-compliant” was defined as an MPR under 80%. Various factors which were possibly associated with “non-compliant” MPR were investigated using multiple regression analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that male patients were more likely to be non-compliant with pharmacotherapy than female patients, with as odds ratio of 1.389. Younger patients had a significantly lower likelihood of being non-compliant than older patients for age 60–69 vs. age 80+. Long dosing intervals were recommended to improve compliance and special attention was given to older and male patients.

Adolescence Male with Psychosis: A Case Report

Introduction: An impaired relationship with reality is a hallmark of psychosis. It is a sign of a serious mental disorder. People with psychosis may have delusions or hallucinations. The way your brain processes information can be affected by psychosis. Losing touch with reality is caused by it. It's possible to see, hear, or believe things that aren't true. Psychosis is a symptom, not a disease. It can be caused by a mental or physical illness, substance abuse, or stress. This case report aims to provide nursing care for psychosis. The objectives of this case report are to identify psychosis symptoms by the nurses and to report immediately and to take action immediately and to prevent complications. Case Presentation: A 17-years adolescent male admitted at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital Sawangi (M) Wardha with Auditory Hallucinations in psychosis since 7 (2014) years was admitted to a psychiatric ward with a chief complaint of muttering and smiling to self, decreased interaction sleep disturbance, aggressiveness. The perpetuating factors are poor drug compliance. Conclusion: The patient underwent psycho pharmacotherapy and the patient taking the medications regularly and minimized the symptoms. The relatives were informed about the prognosis and finally patient was discharged. The nurses play a vital role at the bedside and take care of psychiatric patients with auditory hallucinations effective nursing interventions for an adolescent male with auditory hallucinations in psychosis enhancing and improving patient’s mental illness who experience auditory hallucinations in psychosis.