scholarly journals Toward Diagnosing Leishmania infantum Infection in Asymptomatic Dogs in an Area Where Leishmaniasis Is Endemic

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Otranto ◽  
P. Paradies ◽  
D. de Caprariis ◽  
D. Stanneck ◽  
G. Testini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody

ABSTRACT The most frequently used diagnostic methods were compared in a longitudinal survey with Leishmania infantum-infected asymptomatic dogs from an area of Italy where leishmaniasis is endemic. In February and March 2005, 845 asymptomatic dogs were tested by an immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), a dipstick assay (DS), and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for L. infantum and by IFAT for Ehrlichia canis. Dogs seronegative for L. infantum were further parasitologically evaluated by microscopic examination of lymph node tissues and PCR of skin samples. A total of 204 animals both serologically and parasitologically negative for L. infantum at the first sampling were enrolled in the trial and were further examined for canine leishmaniasis (CanL) and canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in November 2005 (i.e., the end of the first sandfly season) and March 2006 and 2007 (1- and 2-year follow-ups, respectively). At the initial screening, the overall rates of L. infantum seroprevalence were 9.5% by IFAT, 17.1% by ELISA, and 9.8% by DS and the overall rate of E. canis seroprevalence was 15%. The rates of concordance between the results of IFAT and DS were almost equal, whereas the rate of concordance between the results of IFAT and DS and those of the ELISA was lower. The results of the annual incidence of Leishmania infection were variable, depending on the test employed, with the highest values registered for PCR (i.e., 5.7% and 11.4% at the 1- and 2-year follow-ups, respectively), followed by ELISA, IFAT, and DS. Over the 2 years of observation, 55 animals (i.e., 26.9%) became positive for L. infantum by one or more diagnostic tests at different follow-up times, with 12.7% showing clinical signs related to CanL, while the remaining 87.3% were asymptomatic. A diagnostic scheme for assessment of the L. infantum infection status in asymptomatic dogs is suggested.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the NovaLisa™ Leishmania Infantum IgG ELISA in A Reference Diagnostic Laboratory in A Non-Endemic Country

Antibodies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christen Stensvold ◽  
Amalie Høst ◽  
Salem Belkessa ◽  
Henrik Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody

Anti-Leishmania antibodies may be detectable in patients with leishmaniasis. Here, we compared a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies, with an immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) that is no longer commercially available. Eighty-six serum samples from 73 patients were tested. The results obtained by the NovaLisa™ Leishmania infantum IgG ELISA, interpreted according to the instructions of the manufacturer, but with a modified cut-off for borderline positive values, were compared with the IFAT results that were already available. Moreover, Leishmania Western blot IgG results were available for 43 of the samples. The overall concordance of ELISA and IFAT was 67%. The ELISA and IFAT tests scored as 24% and 15% of the samples being positive, respectively, while 13% and 33% scored as borderline-positive, respectively. Using a Western blot (WB) as the reference, the sensitivities and specificities for the positive plus borderline-positive samples combined was 95.5% (95% confidence interval (CI), 77.2–99.9%) and 81.0% (95% CI, 58.1–94.6%) for ELISA, and 95.5% (95% CI, 77.2–99.9%) and 42.9% (95% CI, 21.8–66.0%) for IFAT, respectively. Overall, the ELISA proved to be a cost-effective alternative to the IFAT, due to its higher accuracy and specificity, and with a consequently lower number of confirmatory WB tests being required. Lastly, we also present data on the associations between seroconversion and the type of leishmaniasis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the performance of three serological tests for diagnosis of Leishmania infantum infection in dogs using latent class analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asier Basurco ◽  
Alda Natale ◽  
Katia Capello ◽  
Antonio Fernández ◽  
María Teresa Verde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Latent Class Models ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests

Abstract Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a disease caused by Leishmania infantum. Serological methods are the most common diagnostic techniques used for the diagnosis of the CanL. The objective of our study was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of one in-house ELISA kit (ELISA UNIZAR) and three commercially available serological tests (MEGACOR Diagnostik GmbH) including an immunochromatographic rapid test (FASTest LEISH®), an immunofluorescent antibody test (MegaFLUO LEISH®) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MegaELISA LEISH®), using latent class models in a Bayesian analysis. Two hundred fifteen serum samples were included. The highest sensitivity was achieved for FASTest LEISH® (99.38%), ELISA UNIZAR (99.37%), MegaFLUO LEISH® (99.36%) followed by MegaELISA LEISH® (98.49%). The best specificity was obtained by FASTest LEISH® (98.43%), followed by ELISA UNIZAR (97.50%), whilst MegaFLUO LEISH® and MegaELISA LEISH® obtained the lower specificity (91.94% and 91.93%, respectively). The results of present study indicate that the immunochromatographic rapid test evaluated FASTest LEISH® show similar levels of sensitivity and specificity to the quantitative commercial tests. Among quantitative serological tests, sensitivity and specificity were similar considering ELISA or IFAT techniques.

Dynamics ofLegionellaantibody levels during 1 year in a healthy population

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (7) ◽  
pp. 1013-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. RUDBECK ◽  
K. MØLBAK ◽  
S. A. ULDUM
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
History Of ◽  
Absence From Work ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody

SUMMARYA total of 522 Danish blood donors were followed during 2004–2005 to describe the seroepidemiology ofLegionellainfections in healthy individuals from a general population. Antibodies toLegionellaspp. were measured by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test. The prevalence ofLegionellaantibodies (titre ⩾1:128) was 26·8% and remained fairly constant during the year of follow-up. However, 6·9% of the blood donors developed a fourfold or greater rise in antibody titres. A history of visits to Danish summer cottages was associated with bothLegionellaseropositivity (OR 1·53, 95% CI 1·02–2·30) and seroconversion (OR 2·66, 95% CI 1·21–5·83). There were no consistent associations between either levels of antibody titres or seroconversion and self-reported health symptoms, absence from work due to illness, or to any risk factors. We conclude that community-acquiredLegionellainfections are frequent; however, they rarely result in severe illness.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Techniques To Detect Cryptic Leishmaniasis in Dogs

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1137-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Iniesta ◽  
Salceda Fernández-Barredo ◽  
Béatrice Bulle ◽  
M. Teresa Gómez ◽  
Renaud Piarroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Proliferation Assay ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody

ABSTRACT This study of several techniques for detecting cryptic leishmaniasis in dogs from areas in Spain where Leishmania infantum is highly endemic concludes that immunological techniques (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence antibody test, Western blotting, delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, and in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assay) do not clearly differentiate between noninfected and infected asymptomatic dogs and that culture and PCR are more reliable diagnostic tools.

scholarly journals Development of Recombinant Chimeric Antigen Expressing Immunodominant B Epitopes of Leishmania infantum for Serodiagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Boarino ◽  
A. Scalone ◽  
L. Gradoni ◽  
E. Ferroglio ◽  
F. Vitale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Gene Fragment ◽  
Antigenic Properties

ABSTRACT Wild canids and domestic dogs are the main reservoir of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum (syn.: Leishmania chagasi). Serological diagnosis of VL is therefore important in both human and dog leishmaniasis from a clinical and epidemiological point of view. Routine diagnosis of VL is traditionally carried out by immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT), which is laborious and difficult to standardize and to interpret. In the last decade, however, several specific antigens of Leishmania infantum have been characterized, allowing the development of a recombinant-based immunoassay. Among them, the whole open reading frame encoding K9 antigen, the gene fragment encoding the repetitive sequence of K26, and the 3′-terminal gene fragment of the kinesin-related protein (K39sub) were previously evaluated as diagnostic markers for canine leishmaniasis and proved to be independent in their antibody reactivity. Since sensitivity of serological test is usually higher in multiple-epitope format, in this study the relevant epitopes of K9, K26, and K39 antigens were joined by PCR strategy to produce the chimeric recombinant protein. The resulting mosaic antigen was found highly expressed in Escherichia coli and efficiently purified by affinity chromatography. Antigenic properties of this recombinant antigen were evaluated by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a panel of human and dog sera previously characterized by parasitological and/or serological techniques. Chimeric ELISA showed 99% specificity in both human (n = 180) and canine (n = 343) control groups, while sensitivity was higher in canine VL (96%, n = 213) than in human VL (82%, n = 185). Accordingly, concordance between IFAT and canine chimeric ELISA (k = 0.95, 95% confidence interval = 0.93 to 0.98) was higher than between IFAT and human chimeric ELISA (k = 0.81, 95% confidence interval = 0.76 to 0.87). Results suggest the potential use of this new antigen for routine serodiagnosis of VL in both human and canine hosts.

scholarly journals Relationship betweenLeishmaniaIFAT Titer and Clinicopathological Manifestations (Clinical Score) in Dogs

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Proverbio ◽  
Eva Spada ◽  
Giada Bagnagatti de Giorgi ◽  
Roberta Perego ◽  
Emanuela Valena
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Clinical Score ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Clinical Scores ◽  
Soluble Immune Complexes

During canine leishmaniasis (CanL) due toLeishmania infantum,high levels of antibodies production are associated with the presence of various clinical signs, because of the deposition of soluble immune complexes in organs and tissues. The immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) is one of the most commonly used techniques for detection of anti-Leishmaniaantibodies. The purpose of this study was to assess whether there is a correlation between clinical signs and IFAT titers in dogs naturally infected withLeishmania. A retrospective study was performed on medical records of 49 dogs diagnosed with CanL. Information extracted from the medical records of each dog with CanL was clinical score, IFAT titer, serum total protein (TP), gamma globulin (IgG) and creatinine concentration, and protein creatinine ratio in urine sample (UP/UC) at each follow-up examination. Results show that dogs with highest IFAT titers recorded had higher mean clinical scores indicating a positive relationship (P<0.0001) between anti-Leishmaniaantibodies (IgG) and clinical manifestations, which becomes more evident in severe clinical forms of canine leishmaniasis. Higher TP and IgG serum concentrations were recorded in dogs with higher clinical scores. Significant association was observed between UP/UC and the IFAT titer (P=0.004).

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