scholarly journals Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Interleukin-1α Intracrine Signaling Is Modulated by YopP during Yersinia enterocolitica Infection

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumu Bose ◽  
Josephine Thinwa ◽  
Paola Chaparro ◽  
Youmin Zhong ◽  
Santanu Bose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Map Kinase ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
P38 Map Kinase ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Virulence Plasmid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Interleukin 1Α

ABSTRACTYersinia enterocoliticais a food-borne pathogen that preferentially infects the Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes, causing an acute inflammatory reaction. Even thoughY. enterocoliticainduces a robust inflammatory response during infection, the bacterium has evolved a number of virulence factors to limit the extent of this response. We previously demonstrated that interleukin-1α (IL-1α) was critical for the induction of gut inflammation characteristic ofY. enterocoliticainfection. More recently, the known actions of IL-1α are becoming more complex because IL-1α can function both as a proinflammatory cytokine and as a nuclear factor. In this study, we tested the ability ofY. enterocoliticato modulate intracellular IL-1α-dependent IL-8 production in epithelial cells. Nuclear translocation of pre-IL-1α protein and IL-1α-dependent secretion of IL-8 into the culture supernatant were increased during infection with a strain lacking the 70-kDa virulence plasmid compared to the case during infection with the wild type, suggesting thatYersiniaouter proteins (Yops) might be involved in modulating intracellular IL-1α signaling. Infection of HeLa cells with a strain lacking theyopPgene resulted in increased nuclear translocation of pre-IL-1α and IL-1α-dependent secretion of IL-8 similar to what is observed with bacteria lacking the virulence plasmid. YopP is a protein acetylase that inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase)- and NF-κB-dependent signal transduction pathways. Nuclear translocation of pre-IL-1α and IL-1α-dependent secretion of IL-8 in response toYersinia enterocoliticainfection were dependent on extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 MAP kinase signaling but independent of NF-κB. These data suggest thatY. enterocoliticainhibits intracellular pre-IL-1α signaling and subsequent proinflammatory responses through inhibition of MAP kinase pathways.

scholarly journals Role of MLK3 in the Regulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Cascades

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 3670-3681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Brancho ◽  
Juan-Jose Ventura ◽  
Anja Jaeschke ◽  
Beth Doran ◽  
Richard A. Flavell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Map Kinase ◽  
Selective Reduction ◽  
P38 Map Kinase ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Jnk Activation ◽  
Protein Kinase Signaling

ABSTRACT Mixed-lineage protein kinase 3 (MLK3) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase group that has been implicated in multiple signaling cascades, including the NF-κB pathway and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAP kinase pathways. Here, we examined the effect of targeted disruption of the murine Mlk3 gene. Mlk3 −/− mice were found to be viable and healthy. Primary embryonic fibroblasts prepared from these mice exhibited no major signaling defects. However, we did find that MLK3 deficiency caused a selective reduction in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated JNK activation. Together, these data demonstrate that MLK3 contributes to the TNF signaling pathway that activates JNK.

scholarly journals Mouse Bone Marrow Sca-1+ CD44+ Mesenchymal Stem Cells Kill Avirulent Mycobacteria but Not Mycobacterium tuberculosis through Modulation of Cathelicidin Expression via the p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Pathway

2017 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumanta Kumar Naik ◽  
Avinash Padhi ◽  
Geetanjali Ganguli ◽  
Srabasti Sengupta ◽  
Sanghamitra Pati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium tuberculosis primarily infects lung macrophages. However, a recent study showed that M. tuberculosis also infects and persists in a dormant form inside bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) even after successful antibiotic therapy. However, the mechanism(s) by which M. tuberculosis survives in BM-MSCs is still not known. Like macrophages, BM-MSCs do not contain a well-defined endocytic pathway, which is known to play a central role in the clearance of internalized mycobacteria. Here, we studied the fate of virulent and avirulent mycobacteria in Sca-1+ CD44+ BM-MSCs. We found that BM-MSCs were able to kill avirulent Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG but not the pathogenic species M. tuberculosis. Further mechanistic studies revealed that pathogenic M. tuberculosis dampens the antibacterial response of BM-MSCs by downregulating the expression of the cationic antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin. In contrast, avirulent mycobacteria were effectively killed by inducing the Toll-like receptor 2/4 (TLR2/4) pathway-dependent expression of cathelicidin, while small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated cathelicidin silencing increased the survival of M. bovis BCG in BM-MSCs. We also showed that M. bovis BCG infection caused increased expression levels of MyD88, phospho-interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (pIRAK-4), and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Further downstream investigations demonstrated that IRAK-4–p38 activation increased the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, which subsequently induced the expression of cathelicidin and the cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β), resulting in the decreased survival of M. bovis BCG. On the other hand, inhibition of TLR2/4, pIRAK-4, p38, and NF-κB nuclear translocation decreased cathelicidin and IL-1β expression levels and therefore increased the survival of avirulent mycobacteria. This is the first report that demonstrates that virulent mycobacteria manipulate the TLR2/4–MyD88–IRAK-4–p38–NF-κB–Camp–IL-1β pathway to survive inside bone marrow stem cells.

scholarly journals Distinct Roles of a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Cytokinesis between Different Life Cycle Forms of Trypanosoma brucei

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wei ◽  
Ziyin Li
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Map Kinase ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Bloodstream Form ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Procyclic Form ◽  
Moderate Growth ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

ABSTRACT Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) modules are evolutionarily conserved signaling cascades that function in response to the environment and play crucial roles in intracellular signal transduction in eukaryotes. The involvement of a MAP kinase in regulating cytokinesis in yeast, animals, and plants has been reported, but the requirement for a MAP kinase for cytokinesis in the early-branching protozoa is not documented. Here, we show that a MAP kinase homolog (TbMAPK6) from Trypanosoma brucei plays distinct roles in cytokinesis in two life cycle forms of T. brucei . TbMAPK6 is distributed throughout the cytosol in the procyclic form but is localized in both the cytosol and the nucleus in the bloodstream form. RNA interference (RNAi) of TbMAPK6 results in moderate growth inhibition in the procyclic form but severe growth defects and rapid cell death in the bloodstream form. Moreover, TbMAPK6 appears to be implicated in furrow ingression and cytokinesis completion in the procyclic form but is essential for cytokinesis initiation in the bloodstream form. Despite the distinct defects in cytokinesis in the two forms, RNAi of TbMAPK6 also caused defective basal body duplication/segregation in a small cell population in both life cycle forms. Altogether, our results demonstrate the involvement of the TbMAPK6-mediated pathway in regulating cytokinesis in trypanosomes and suggest distinct roles of TbMAPK6 in cytokinesis between different life cycle stages of T. brucei .

scholarly journals p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent and -Independent Signaling of mRNA Stability of AU-Rich Element-Containing Transcripts

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias A. E. Frevel ◽  
Tala Bakheet ◽  
Aristobolo M. Silva ◽  
John G. Hissong ◽  
Khalid S. A. Khabar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Map Kinase ◽  
Cdna Array ◽  
P38 Map Kinase ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Mrna Turnover ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Mrna Stabilization ◽  
Mrna Induction ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

ABSTRACT Adenylate/uridylate-rich element (ARE)-mediated mRNA turnover is an important regulatory component of gene expression for innate and specific immunity, in the hematopoietic system, in cellular growth regulation, and for many other cellular processes. This diversity is reflected in the distribution of AREs in the human genome, which we have established as a database of more than 900 ARE-containing genes that may utilize AREs as a means of controlling cellular mRNA levels. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) pathway has been implicated in regulating the stability of nine ARE-containing transcripts. Here we explored the entire spectrum of ARE-containing genes for p38-dependent regulation of ARE-mediated mRNA turnover with a custom cDNA array containing probes for 950 ARE mRNAs. The human monocytic cell line THP-1 treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used as a reproducible cellular model system that allowed us to precisely control the conditions of mRNA induction and decay in the absence and presence of the p38 inhibitor SB203580. This approach allowed us to establish an LPS-induced ARE mRNA expression profile in human monocytes and determine the half-lives of 470 AU-rich mRNAs. Most importantly, we identified 42 AU-rich genes, previously unrecognized, that show p38-dependent mRNA stabilization. In addition to a number of cytokines, several interesting novel AU-rich transcripts likely to play a role in macrophage activation by LPS exhibited p38-dependent transcript stabilization, including macrophage-specific colony-stimulating factor 1, carbonic anhydrase 2, Bcl2, Bcl2-like 2, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2. Finally, the identification of the p38-dependent upstream activator MAP kinase kinase 6 as a member of this group identifies a positive feedback loop regulating macrophage signaling via p38 MAP kinase-dependent transcript stabilization.

Functional Role of p38 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase in Platelet Activation induced by a Thromboxane A2 Analogue and by 8-iso-prostaglandin F2 α

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (05) ◽  
pp. 888-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Gaino ◽  
Valeria Zuliani ◽  
Rosa Tommasoli ◽  
Donatella Benati ◽  
Riccardo Ortolani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Map Kinase ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
P38 Map Kinase ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Kinase Phosphorylation

SummaryWe investigated similarities in the signaling pathways elicited by the F2 isoprostane 8-iso-PGF2α and by low doses of U46619 to induce platelet activation. Both 0.01-0.1 µmol/L U46619 and 0.01-1 µmol/L 8-isoPGF2α triggered shape change and filopodia extension, as well as adhesion to immobilized fibrinogen of washed platelets. At these doses the two platelet agonists failed to trigger secretion and aggregation, which were however induced by higher doses of U46619 (0.1-1 µmol/L). SB203580 (1-10 µmol/L), a specific inhibitor of the p38 mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase blunted platelet shape change and adhesion induced by 0.05-1 µmol/L 8-iso-PGF2α and by 0.01 µmol/L U46619. These platelet responses were also inhibited by 20 µmol/L cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of actin polymerization, and 50 µmol/L piceatannol, an inhibitor of the Syk tyrosine kinases. Both 8-iso-PGF2α and U46619-induced p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation in suspended platelets and this was inhibited by piceatannol, indicating that Syk activation occurs upstream p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation. These findings suggest that the signaling pathway triggered by both 8-iso-PGF2α and low concentrations of U46619 to induce platelet adhesion and shape change implicates Syk, the p38 MAP kinase, and actin polymerization.

Involvement of Ras/MAP Kinase in the Regulation of Ca2+ Channels in Adult Bullfrog Sympathetic Neurons by Nerve Growth Factor

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 1352-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saobo Lei ◽  
William F. Dryden ◽  
Peter A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Map Kinase ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Nerve Growth ◽  
Channel Current ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

Lei, Saobo, William F. Dryden, and Peter A. Smith. Involvement of Ras/MAP kinase in the regulation of Ca2+ channels in adult bullfrog sympathetic neurons by nerve growth factor. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1352–1361, 1998. The cellular mechanisms that underlie nerve growth factor (NGF) induced increase in Ca2+-channel current in adult bullfrog sympathetic B-neurons were examined by whole cell recording techniques. Cells were maintained at low density in neuron-enriched, defined-medium, serum-free tissue culture for 6 days in the presence or absence of NGF (200 ng/ml). The increase in Ba2+ current ( I Ba) density induced by NGF was attenuated by the RNA synthesis inhibitor cordycepin (20 μM), by the DNA transcription inhibitor actinomycin D (0.01 μg/ml), by inhibitors of Ras isoprenylation (perillic acid 0.1–1.0 mM or α-hydroxyfarnesylphosphonic acid 10–100 μM), by tyrosine kinase inhibitors genistein (20 μM) or lavendustin A (1 μM), and by PD98059 (10–100 μM), an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. Inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway (wortmannin, 100 nM, or LY29400, 100 μM) were ineffective as were inhibitors of phospholipase Cγ (U73122 or neomycin, both 100 μM). The effect of NGF persisted in Ca2+-free medium that contained 1.8 mM Mg2+ and 2 mM ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)- N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid. It was mimicked by a Trk antibody that was capable of inducing neurite outgrowth in explant cultures of bullfrog sympathetic ganglion. Antibodies raised against the low-affinity p75 neurotrophin receptor were ineffective in blocking the effect of NGF on I Ba. These results suggest that NGF-induced increase in Ca2+ channel current in adult sympathetic neurons results, at least in part, from new channel synthesis after Trk activation of Ras and mitogen activated protein kinase by a mechanism that is independent of extracellular Ca2+.

scholarly journals Phosphothreonine Lyase Promotes p65 Degradation in a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Mitogen- and Stress-Activated Protein Kinase 1-Dependent Manner

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyu Hou ◽  
Wenhui Wang ◽  
Feizi Hu ◽  
Yuanxing Zhang ◽  
Dahai Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Catalytic Active Site ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

ABSTRACT Bacterial phosphothreonine lyases have been identified to be type III secretion system (T3SS) effectors that irreversibly dephosphorylate host mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling to promote infection. However, the effects of phosphothreonine lyase on nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling remain largely unknown. In this study, we detected significant phosphothreonine lyase-dependent p65 degradation during Edwardsiella piscicida infection in macrophages, and this degradative effect was blocked by the protease inhibitor MG132. Further analysis revealed that phosphothreonine lyase promotes the dephosphorylation and ubiquitination of p65 by inhibiting the phosphorylation of mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 (MSK1) and by inhibiting the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38α, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Moreover, we revealed that the catalytic active site of phosphothreonine lyase plays a critical role in regulating the MAPK-MSK1-p65 signaling axis. Collectively, the mechanism described here expands our understanding of the pathogenic effector in not only regulating MAPK signaling but also regulating p65. These findings uncover a new mechanism by which pathogenic bacteria overcome host innate immunity to promote pathogenesis.

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