scholarly journals Oral Infection with Signature-Tagged Listeria monocytogenes Reveals Organ-Specific Growth and Dissemination Routes in Guinea Pigs

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 720-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jody A. Melton-Witt ◽  
Susanne M. Rafelski ◽  
Daniel A. Portnoy ◽  
Anna I. Bakardjiev
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Intestinal Villi ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Direct Pathway ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Small Intestinal

ABSTRACTListeria monocytogenescauses a serious food-borne disease due to its ability to spread from the intestine to other organs, a process that is poorly understood. In this study we used 20 signature-tagged wild-type clones ofL. monocytogenesin guinea pigs in combination with extensive quantitative data analysis to gain insight into extraintestinal dissemination. We show thatL. monocytogenescolonized the liver in all asymptomatic animals. Spread to the liver occurred as early as 4 h after ingestion via a direct pathway from the intestine to the liver. This direct pathway contributed significantly to the bacterial load in the liver and was followed by a second wave of dissemination via the mesenteric lymph nodes (indirect pathway). Furthermore, bacteria were eliminated in the liver, whereas small intestinal villi provided a niche for bacterial replication, indicating organ-specific differences in net bacterial growth. Bacteria were shed back from intestinal villi into the small intestinal lumen and reinfected the Peyer's patches. Together, these results support a novel dissemination model whereL. monocytogenesreplicates in intestinal villi, is shed into the lumen, and reinfects intestinal immune cells that traffic to liver and mesenteric lymph nodes, a process that occurs even during asymptomatic colonization.

scholarly journals Expression of Regulatory T Cells in Jejunum, Colon, and Cervical and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes of Dogs Naturally Infected with Leishmania infantum

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 3704-3712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria M. Figueiredo ◽  
Beatriz Deoti ◽  
Izabela F. Amorim ◽  
Aldair J. W. Pinto ◽  
Andrea Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACTUsing flow cytometry, we evaluated the frequencies of CD4+and CD8+T cells and Foxp3+regulatory T cells (Tregs) in mononuclear cells in the jejunum, colon, and cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes of dogs naturally infected withLeishmania infantumand in uninfected controls. All infected dogs showed chronic lymphadenitis and enteritis. Despite persistent parasite loads, no erosion or ulcers were evident in the epithelial mucosa. The colon harbored more parasites than the jejunum. Frequencies of total CD4+, total Foxp3, and CD4+Foxp3+cells were higher in the jejunum than in the colon. Despite negative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) serum results for cytokines, levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were higher in the jejunum than in the colon for infected dogs. However, IL-4 levels were higher in the colon than in the jejunum for infected dogs. There was no observed correlation between clinical signs and histopathological changes or immunological and parasitological findings in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of canines with visceral leishmaniasis. However, distinct segments of the GIT presented different immunological and parasitological responses. The jejunum showed a lower parasite load, with increased frequencies and expression of CD4, Foxp3, and CD8 receptors and IL-10, TGF-β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α cytokines. The colon showed a higher parasite load, with increasing expression of IL-4.Leishmania infantuminfection increased expression of CD4, Foxp3, IL-10, TGF-β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α and reduced CD8 and IL-4 expression in both the jejunum and the colon.

scholarly journals Diabetes-prone BioBreeding rats do not have a normal immune response when weaned to a diet containing fermentable fibre

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
RoseMarie Stillie ◽  
Rhonda C. Bell ◽  
Catherine J. Field
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Stimulation Index ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Intestinal Length ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Normal Immune Response

Diet is known to modulate the development of diabetes in diabetes-prone BioBreeding (BBdp) rats. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of fermentable fibre (FF) on immune function in BBdp and diabetes-resistant BioBreeding (BBdr) rats after weaning. Weanling BBdp (thirty-six to thirty-eight per diet) and BBdr rats (thirty to thirty-two per diet) were fed a nutritionally complete, semi-purified, casein-based diet containing either cellulose (control diet, 8 % w/w) or FF (3·2 % cellulose+4·8 % w/w inulin). At 35 d, the small intestine was excised and lymphocytes isolated from spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. Feeding FF to both BBdr and BBdp rats affected the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (P=0·02). In BBdr rats, feeding FF compared with cellulose resulted in an increased small intestinal length (P=0·0031), higher proliferative (stimulation) index from both splenocytes (P=0·001) and mesenteric lymph nodes (P=0·04), and an increased proportion of CD8+ T-cells in the Peyer's patches (P=0·003). We did not observe an effect of diet on the number of IgA-bearing cells in the jejunum from BBdr rats. Feeding FF to BBdp rats did not affect the same parameters. BBdp rats had both a higher proportion of B-cells in the Peyer's patches (P=0·01) and a higher number of IgA+ cells in the jejunum (P=0·0036) when fed a diet containing FF, a response not observed in BBdr rats. We demonstrate that several aspects of the BBdp immune system respond differently than that of BBdr rats when challenged at weaning with FF.

scholarly journals Cavitation of mesenteric lymph nodes, splenic atrophy, and a flat small intestinal mucosa

1984 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 606-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Matuchansky ◽  
R. Colin ◽  
J. Hemet ◽  
G. Touchard ◽  
P. Babin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Splenic Atrophy

scholarly journals InlA Promotes Dissemination of Listeria monocytogenes to the Mesenteric Lymph Nodes during Food Borne Infection of Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e1003015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa N. Bou Ghanem ◽  
Grant S. Jones ◽  
Tanya Myers-Morales ◽  
Pooja D. Patil ◽  
Achmad N. Hidayatullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Food Borne

scholarly journals Longitudinal Study of the Persistence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Campylobacter Strains in Distinct Swine Production Systems on Farms, at Slaughter, and in the Environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 2698-2705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Macarena P. Quintana-Hayashi ◽  
Siddhartha Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Conventional Farms

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this study were to compare and characterize the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant (AR)Campylobacterin conventional and antimicrobial-free (ABF) production systems on farms, at slaughter, and in the environment. Fecal and environmental samples were collected from ABF farms (pigs, 1,239; environment, 797) and conventional farms (pigs, 1,650; environment, 1,325). At slaughter, we collected samples from carcasses, including postevisceration swabs, postchill swabs, and mesenteric lymph nodes from ABF systems (postevisceration swabs, 182; postchill swabs, 199; mesenteric lymph nodes, 184) and conventional systems (postevisceration swabs, 272; postchill swabs, 271; mesenteric lymph nodes, 255) at separate processing facilities. We also sampled the processing plant environment, including truck and lairage floor swab samples (ABF, 115; conventional, 90). Overall, a total of 2,908Campylobacterisolates, includingCampylobacter coli(farm, 2,557, 99.8%; slaughter, 341, 98.3%) andCampylobacter jejuni(farm, 4, 0.2%; slaughter, 6, 1.7%), were isolated in the study. There was no significant difference in the prevalence ofCampylobacterbetween ABF and conventionally raised pigs (farrowing,P= 0.20; nursery,P= 0.06; finishing,P= 0.24) and the environment (P= 0.37). At slaughter,Campylobacterwas isolated from all of the stages, including postchill. The highest frequencies of resistance were exhibited against tetracycline (ABF, 48.2%; conventional, 88.3%). Ciprofloxacin-resistantC. coliisolates were observed in conventionally raised (17.1%) and ABF (1.2%) pigs (P= 0.11). Antimicrobial use data from conventional farms indicated significant associations between oxytetracycline use and tetracycline resistance in the nursery pigs (P= 0.01), between tiamulin exposure and azithromycin and erythromycin resistance in nursery (P< 0.01) and finishing (P< 0.01) pigs, and between enrofloxacin exposure and ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid resistance in farrowing (P< 0.01) and nursery (P< 0.01) pigs. Identical antimicrobial resistance profiles were observed in the pigs and their environments on farms and at slaughter. In summary, our results highlight the persistence and dissemination of ARCampylobacterfrom farm to slaughter in ABF and conventionally raised pigs and their environments.

scholarly journals Antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation as a marker of immune response in guinea pigs with sustained Helicobacter pylori infection.

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliza Miszczyk ◽  
Maria Walencka ◽  
Karolina Rudnicka ◽  
Agnieszka Matusiak ◽  
Wiesława Rudnicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Initial Moment ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Proliferation Of Lymphocytes ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria are human pathogens causing symptomatic gastritis, peptic ulcer or gastric cancer. Little is known about the kinetics of immune responses in H. pylori infected patients because the initial moment of infection has not been identified. Various animal models are used to investigate the immune processes related to H. pylori infection. In this study we checked whether H. pylori infection in guinea pigs, mimicking natural H. pylori infection in humans, resulted in the development of specific immune responses to H. pylori antigens by measuring the proliferation of lymphocytes localized in mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen and peripheral blood. The maturity of macrophages and cytokines, delivered by monocyte-macrophage lineage or lymphocytes, were considered as mediators, which might influence the lymphocyte blastogenic response. The obtained results showed the activation of T cells localized in mesenteric lymph nodes by H. pylori antigens in H. pylori infected guinea pigs four weeks postinfection. The blastogenic activity of lymphocytes was shaped by their interaction with antigen presenting cells, which were present in the cell cultures during the whole culture period. Moreover, the balance between cytokines derived from adherent leukocytes including interleukin 8--IL-8 as well as interferon gamma--IFN-γ, and transforming growth factor beta--TGF-β delivered by lymphocytes, was probably important for the successful proliferation of lymphocytes. The H. pylori specific lymphocytes were not propagated in peripheral blood and spleen of H. pylori infected animals. The modulation of immunocompetent cells by H. pylori antigens or their different distribution cannot be excluded.

Role of the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Virulence Plasmid in Pathogen-Phagocyte Interactions in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes

EcoSal Plus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Bliska ◽  
Igor E. Brodsky ◽  
Joan Mecsas
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Virulence Plasmid ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is an Enterobacteriaceae family member that is commonly transmitted by the fecal-oral route to cause infections. From the small intestine, Y. pseudotuberculosis can invade through Peyer’s patches and lymph vessels to infect the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs).

In situ demonstration of migration of dendritic cells released from rat small intestine to mesenteric lymph nodes

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A183-A183
Author(s):  
H KOBAYASHI ◽  
H NAGATA ◽  
S MIURA ◽  
T AZUMA ◽  
H SUZUKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph
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