scholarly journals Comparative Genome Analysis of Listeria Bacteriophages Reveals Extensive Mosaicism, Programmed Translational Frameshifting, and a Novel Prophage Insertion Site

2009 ◽  
Vol 191 (23) ◽  
pp. 7206-7215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Dorscht ◽  
Jochen Klumpp ◽  
Regula Bielmann ◽  
Mathias Schmelcher ◽  
Yannick Born ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insertion Site ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Translational Frameshifting ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Programmed Translational Frameshifting ◽  
New Information

ABSTRACT The genomes of six Listeria bacteriophages were sequenced and analyzed. Phages A006, A500, B025, P35, and P40 are members of the Siphoviridae and contain double-stranded DNA genomes of between 35.6 kb and 42.7 kb. Phage B054 is a unique myovirus and features a 48.2-kb genome. Phage B025 features 3′ overlapping single-stranded genome ends, whereas the other viruses contain collections of terminally redundant, circularly permuted DNA molecules. Phages P35 and P40 have a broad host range and lack lysogeny functions, correlating with their virulent lifestyle. Phages A500, A006, and B025 integrate into bacterial tRNA genes, whereas B054 targets the 3′ end of translation elongation factor gene tsf. This is the first reported case of phage integration into such an evolutionarily conserved genetic element. Peptide fingerprinting of viral proteins revealed that both A118 and A500 utilize +1 and −1 programmed translational frameshifting for generating major capsid and tail shaft proteins with C termini of different lengths. In both cases, the unusual +1 frameshift at the 3′ ends of the tsh coding sequences is induced by overlapping proline codons and cis-acting shifty stops. Although Listeria phage genomes feature a conserved organization, they also show extensive mosaicism within the genome building blocks. Of particular interest is B025, which harbors a collection of modules and sequences with relatedness not only to other Listeria phages but also to viruses infecting other members of the Firmicutes. In conclusion, our results yield insights into the composition and diversity of Listeria phages and provide new information on their function, genome adaptation, and evolution.

Mycotoxin profile of Fusarium armeniacum isolated from natural grasses intended for cattle feed

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Nichea ◽  
E. Cendoya ◽  
V.G.L. Zachetti ◽  
S.M. Chiacchiera ◽  
M. Sulyok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Type A ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Cattle Feed ◽  
New Information ◽  
Common Group ◽  
First Time ◽  
Translation Elongation Factor 1Α

Fusarium armeniacum has been found as a saprophyte on natural grasses devoted to cattle feed in Argentina. This species has been reported as highly toxigenic due to the production of trichothecenes type A, but the information available about its toxigenic profile is incomplete. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the toxigenic ability of 50 F. armeniacum isolates recovered from natural grasses using a multitoxin method based on LC-MS/MS. In addition, morphological identification of 15 selected isolates was confirmed by sequencing the translation elongation factor 1α. Out of the 327 metabolites analysed, only 10 were detected: T-2 toxin (T-2), T-2 triol, T-2 tetraol, HT-2 toxin (HT-2), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), monoacetoxyscirpenol (MAS), neosolaniol (NEO), aurofusarin (AUF), beauvericin (BEA) and zearalenone (ZEA). The most common group of mycotoxins produced by the isolates on rice under laboratory conditions was trichothecenes type A, and some minor Fusarium mycotoxins, such as BEA and AUF. Some isolates were also able to produce ZEA. Among the trichothecene type A, HT-2, T-2, NEO were clearly synthesised at the highest levels and frequency, followed by DAS and MAS. HT-2, T-2, NEO and DAS production was detected in 48 (96%), 47 (94%), 47 (94%) and 38 (76%) isolates, respectively. The ability of F. armeniacum, to produce ZEA and AUF has been demonstrated here for the first time. Given the new information provided about the toxigenic profile of this species, commonly associated with natural grasses in Argentina, the threat to animal health posed by this fungus should not be underestimated.

scholarly journals New species and records of Trichoderma isolated as mycoparasites and endophytes from cultivated and wild coffee in Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Carmen H. Rodríguez ◽  
Harry C. Evans ◽  
Lucas M. de Abreu ◽  
Davi M. de Macedo ◽  
Miraine K. Ndacnou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Novel Taxa ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Wild Coffee

AbstractA survey for species of the genus Trichoderma occurring as endophytes of Coffea, and as mycoparasites of coffee rusts (Hemileia), was undertaken in Africa; concentrating on Cameroon and Ethiopia. Ninety-four isolates of Trichoderma were obtained during this study: 76 as endophytes of healthy leaves, stems and berries and, 18 directly from colonized rust pustules. A phylogenetic analysis of all isolates used a combination of three genes: translation elongation factor-1α (tef1), rpb2 and cal for selected isolates. GCPSR criteria were used for the recognition of species; supported by morphological and cultural characters. The results reveal a previously unrecorded diversity of Trichoderma species endophytic in both wild and cultivated Coffea, and mycoparasitic on Hemileia rusts. Sixteen species were delimited, including four novel taxa which are described herein: T. botryosum, T. caeruloviride, T. lentissimum and T. pseudopyramidale. Two of these new species, T. botryosum and T. pseudopyramidale, constituted over 60% of the total isolations, predominantly from wild C. arabica in Ethiopian cloud forest. In sharp contrast, not a single isolate of Trichoderma was obtained using the same isolation protocol during a survey of coffee in four Brazilian states, suggesting the existence of a ‘Trichoderma void’ in the endophyte mycobiota of coffee outside of Africa. The potential use of these African Trichoderma isolates in classical biological control, either as endophytic bodyguards—to protect coffee plants from Hemileia vastatrix, the fungus causing coffee leaf rust (CLR)—or to reduce its impact through mycoparasitism, is discussed, with reference to the on-going CLR crisis in Central America.

scholarly journals Characterization of Alternaria Species Associated with Heart Rot of Pomegranate Fruit

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Francesco Aloi ◽  
Mario Riolo ◽  
Simona Marianna Sanzani ◽  
Annamaria Mincuzzi ◽  
Antonio Ippolito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Alternariol Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Alternaria Species ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Multigene Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Pomegranate Fruit

This study was aimed at identifying Alternaria species associated with heart rot disease of pomegranate fruit in southern Italy and characterizing their mycotoxigenic profile. A total of 42 Alternaria isolates were characterized. They were obtained from pomegranate fruits with symptoms of heart rot sampled in Apulia and Sicily and grouped into six distinct morphotypes based on macro- and microscopic features. According to multigene phylogenetic analysis, including internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (EF-1α), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and a SCAR marker (OPA10-2), 38 isolates of morphotypes 1 to 5 were identified as Alternaria alternata, while isolates of morphotype 6, all from Sicily, clustered within the Alternaria arborescens species complex. In particular, isolates of morphotype 1, the most numerous, clustered with the ex-type isolate of A. alternata, proving to belong to A. alternata. No difference in pathogenicity on pomegranate fruits was found between isolates of A. alternata and A. arborescens and among A. alternata isolates of different morphotypes. The toxigenic profile of isolates varied greatly: in vitro, all 42 isolates produced tenuazonic acid and most of them other mycotoxins, including alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, altenuene and tentoxin.

scholarly journals Molecular support for the recognition of the Mycoblastus fucatus group as the new genus Violella (Tephromelataceae, Lecanorales)

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby SPRIBILLE ◽  
Bernard GOFFINET ◽  
Barbara KLUG ◽  
Lucia MUGGIA ◽  
Walter OBERMAYER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Secondary Chemistry ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe crustose lichen genus Mycoblastus in the Northern Hemisphere includes eight recognized species sharing large, simple ascospores produced 1–2 per ascus in strongly pigmented biatorine apothecia. The monophyly of Mycoblastus and the relationship of its various species to Tephromelataceae have never been studied in detail. Data from ITS rDNA and the genes coding for translation elongation factor 1-α and DNA replication licensing factor mini-chromosome maintenance complex 7 support the distinctness of Mycoblastus s. str. from the core of the Tephromelataceae, but recover M. fucatus and an undescribed Asian species as strongly supported within the latter group. We propose accommodating these two species in a new genus, Violella, which is characterized by its brownish inner ascospore walls, Fucatus-violet hymenial pigment granules and secondary chemistry, and discuss the position of Violella relative to Calvitimela and Tephromela. We describe the new species Violella wangii T. Sprib. & Goffinet to accommodate a new species with roccellic acid from Bhutan, China, India and the Russian Far East. We also exclude Mycoblastus indicus Awasthi & Agarwal from the genus Mycoblastus and propose for it the new combination Malmidea indica (Awasthi & Agarwal) Hafellner & T. Sprib.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document