scholarly journals Effects of carbon source and growth rate on cell wall composition of Bacillus subtilis subsp. niger.

1980 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
F J Kruyssen ◽  
W R de Boer ◽  
J T Wouters
2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Shashkov ◽  
N. V. Potekhina ◽  
S. N. Senchenkova ◽  
E. B. Kudryashova

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Bisicchia ◽  
Nhat Khai Bui ◽  
Christine Aldridge ◽  
Waldemar Vollmer ◽  
Kevin M. Devine

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1760-1765
Author(s):  
Seonjoo Ahn ◽  
Sangmi Jun ◽  
Hyun-Joo Ro ◽  
Ju Han Kim ◽  
Seil Kim

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Ida Szmigiel ◽  
Dorota Kwiatkowska ◽  
Marcin Łukaszewicz ◽  
Anna Krasowska

Hemicellulose is the second most abundant plant heterogenous biopolymer. Among products obtained from a wide range of agro-residues, biosurfactants, e.g., surfactin (SU), are gaining increasing interest. Our previous studies have shown that a Bacillus subtilis strain can successfully produce a significant amount of SU using a rapeseed cake. This work aimed to investigate plant hemicellulose components as substrates promoting SU’s efficient production by B. subtilis 87Y. Analyses of SU production, enzymatic activity and cell wall composition of hulled oat caryopses suggest that the main ingredients of plant hemicellulose, in particular xylan and its derivatives, may be responsible for an increased biosurfactant yield.


2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (5) ◽  
pp. 1721-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonçalo Real ◽  
Adriano O. Henriques

ABSTRACT The Bacillus subtilis murB gene, encoding UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine reductase, a key enzyme in the peptidoglycan (PG) biosynthetic pathway, is embedded in the dcw (for “division and cell wall”) cluster immediately upstream of divIB. Previous attempts to inactivate murB were unsuccessful, suggesting its essentiality. Here we show that the cell morphology, growth rate, and resistance to cell wall-active antibiotics of murB conditional mutants is a function of the expression level of murB. In one mutant, in which murB was insertionally inactivated in a merodiploid bearing a second xylose-inducible PxylA-murB allele, DivIB levels were reduced and a normal growth rate was achieved only if MurB levels were threefold that of the wild-type strain. However, expression of an extra copy of divIB restored normal growth at wild-type levels of MurB. In contrast, DivIB levels were normal in a second mutant containing an in-frame deletion of murB (ΔmurB) in the presence of the PxylA-murB gene. Furthermore, this strain grew normally with wild-type levels of MurB. During sporulation, the levels of MurB were highest at the time of synthesis of the spore cortex PG. Interestingly, the ΔmurB PxylA-murB mutant did not sporulate efficiently even at high concentrations of inducer. Since high levels of inducer did not interfere with sporulation of a murB + PxylA-murB strain, it appears that ectopic expression of murB fails to support efficient sporulation. These data suggest that coordinate expression of divIB and murB is important for growth and sporulation. The genetic context of the murB gene within the dcw cluster is unique to the Bacillus group and, taken together with our data, suggests that in these species it contributes to the optimal expression of cell division and PG biosynthetic functions during both vegetative growth and spore development.


2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
Wafaa H. Khassaf ◽  
Alaa K. Niamah ◽  
Alaa J. A. Al-Manhel

The present study was aimed to test optimum conditions for the levan production from local isolation Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis w36, which was isolated from Basrah city soil by using production medium containing (40 g of sucrose as carbon source 10g pepton, 1g (NH4) 2SO4, 1g KH2PO4, 1g MgSO4.7H2O). The amount of levan produced was 4.9 g.ml-1. Molasses and date juice were used as substitutes for sucrose in growth media and substitute percentages were (25%, 50%, 75% and100%). The results showed the highest production of levan was recorded when sucrose was substituted with 25% molasses, which was 5.2 g.ml-1.Therefore, this medium was used to study optimum conditions included incubation period, inoculation volume, temperature ,initial pH. The highest production of levan was 6.8 g .100 ml-1 within 40 hours' incubation, 1 ml inoculum volume, pH 6.5 and 32 ºC.


2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 3803-3813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihito Ochiai ◽  
Takafumi Itoh ◽  
Akiko Kawamata ◽  
Wataru Hashimoto ◽  
Kousaku Murata

ABSTRACT Plant cell wall degradation is a premier event when Bacillus subtilis, a typical saprophytic bacterium, invades plants. Here we show the degradation system of rhamnogalacturonan type I (RG-I), a component of pectin from the plant cell wall, in B. subtilis strain 168. Strain 168 cells showed a significant growth on plant cell wall polysaccharides such as pectin, polygalacturonan, and RG-I as a carbon source. DNA microarray analysis indicated that three gene clusters (yesOPQRSTUVWXYZ, ytePQRST, and ybcMOPST-ybdABDE) are inducibly expressed in strain 168 cells grown on RG-I. Cells of an industrially important bacterium, B. subtilis strain natto, fermenting soybeans also express the gene cluster including the yes series during the assimilation of soybean used as a carbon source. Among proteins encoded in the yes cluster, YesW and YesX were found to be novel types of RG lyases releasing disaccharide from RG-I. Genetic and enzymatic properties of YesW and YesX suggest that strain 168 cells secrete YesW, which catalyzes the initial cleavage of the RG-I main chain, and the resultant oligosaccharides are converted to disaccharides through the extracellular exotype YesX reaction. The disaccharide is finally degraded into its constituent monosaccharides through the reaction of intracellular unsaturated galacturonyl hydrolases YesR and YteR. This enzymatic route for RG-I degradation in strain 168 differs significantly from that in plant-pathogenic fungus Aspergillus aculeatus. This is, to our knowledge, the first report on the bacterial system for complete RG-I main chain degradation.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingjie Sun ◽  
Ethan Garner

AbstractHow bacteria link their rate of growth to the external nutrient conditions is not known. To explore how Bacillus subtilis modulates the rate cells expand their encapsulating cell wall, we compared the single-cell growth rate to the density of moving MreB filaments under different conditions. MreB filament density scales with the growth rate, and is modulated by the mur genes that create the cell wall precursor lipid II. Lipid II is sensed by the serine/threonine kinase PrkC, which, among other proteins, phosphorylates RodZ. Phosphorylated RodZ then increases MreB filament density, increasing growth. Strikingly, increasing the activity of this pathway results in cells elongating far faster than wild type in nutrient-poor media, indicating slow-growing bacteria contain spare growth capacity. Overall, this work reveals that PrkC functions as a cellular rheostat, tuning the activities of cellular processes in response to lipid II, allowing cells to grow robustly across a broad range of nutrient conditions.One-sentence summaryThe serine/threonine kinase PrkC modulates both MreB filament density and cellular growth rate by sensing lipid II in Bacillus subtilis.


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