scholarly journals Growth Medium-Dependent Regulation ofMyxococcus xanthus Fatty Acid Content Is Controlled by theesg Locus

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (19) ◽  
pp. 5269-5272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Bartholomeusz ◽  
Yanglong Zhu ◽  
John Downard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Complex Medium ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Branched Chain

ABSTRACT We compared the cellular fatty acid profiles of Myxococcus xanthus cells grown in either a Casitone-based complex medium or a chemically defined medium. The cells grown in the complex medium had a much higher content of the abundant branched-chain fatty acidiso-15:0 and several other branched-chain species. The higher branched-chain fatty acid content of the cells grown in the complex medium was dependent on the esg locus, which encodes the E1α and E1β components of a branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKAD) multienzyme complex involved in branched-chain fatty acid biosynthesis. Cells grown in the complex medium were also found to have a higher level of esg transcription and more BCKAD enzyme activity than cells from the chemically defined medium. The level of esg transcription appears to be an important factor in the growth medium-dependent regulation of the M. xanthus branched-chain fatty acid content.

Branched-Chain Fatty Acid Content Modulates Structure, Fluidity, and Phase in Model Microbial Cell Membranes

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (27) ◽  
pp. 5814-5821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barmak Mostofian ◽  
Tony Zhuang ◽  
Xiaolin Cheng ◽  
Jonathan D. Nickels
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Microbial Cell ◽  
Branched Chain

scholarly journals Branched Chain Fatty Acid Content of United States Retail Cow’s Milk and Implications for Dietary Intake

Lipids ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 569-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Ran-Ressler ◽  
D. Sim ◽  
A. M. O’Donnell-Megaro ◽  
D. E. Bauman ◽  
D. M. Barbano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Branched Chain

scholarly journals Wheat Bran Cereal, Human Gut Bacteria and Subjective Wellbeing

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Andrew Paul Smith ◽  
Eddie Deaville ◽  
Glenn Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
High Fiber

Research has shown that consumption of high fiber breakfast cereal is associated with improved subjective well-being, especially increased energy. One possible explanation of these results is through metabolism by gut bacteria and concomitant production of metabolites that influence psychological and gastrointestinal (GI) welfare. This was examined in the present study to determine whether consumption of wheat bran could modulate the composition of the GI microbiota. This human volunteer study (20 volunteers) involved the comparison of three breakfast cereals, All-Bran, Bran Flakes and Cornflakes (60 g/d). The study involved a 14-day baseline phase (no breakfast cereals) and an eight-week experimental phase. Each cereal was consumed for 14 days. A seven-day washout period (no cereals) was carried out between each successive cereal condition. Faecal samples were collected every seven days. Enumeration of predominant faecal bacterial populations (bacteroides, bifidobacteria, clostridia, lactobacilli and eubacteria) was carried out using the culture independent fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) technique. Faecal short chain fatty acid content was also determined. The volunteers completed a battery of questionnaires to assess fatigue/energy, subjective mood, physical and mental health, bowel function and fiber intake. The results showed that in general there was no overall significant effect of breakfast cereal type on the faecal bacterial populations studied. There was also no major effect of breakfast type on short chain fatty acid content. The high-fiber conditions (All-Bran and Bran Flakes) were associated with less fatigue, a significant reduction in cognitive difficulties, looser stools, more motions and feeling more energised.

scholarly journals Natural Variation in Seed Very Long Chain Fatty Acid Content Is Controlled by a New Isoform of KCS18 in Arabidopsis thaliana

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e49261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Jasinski ◽  
Alain Lécureuil ◽  
Martine Miquel ◽  
Olivier Loudet ◽  
Sylvain Raffaele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain

Acute Exercise Increases Short Chain Fatty Acid Content In The Mouse Cecum

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Jacob M. Allen ◽  
Matthew R. Panasevich ◽  
Brandt D. Pence ◽  
Yi Sun ◽  
Ryan N. Dilger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Mouse Cecum

Short-chain fatty acid content and pH in caecum of rats fed various sources of starch

1995 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M Berggren ◽  
Inger M E Björck ◽  
E Margareta G L Nyman ◽  
Bjørn O Eggum
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain

scholarly journals Engineered Fatty Acid Biosynthesis inStreptomyces by Altered Catalytic Function of β-Ketoacyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Synthase III

2001 ◽  
Vol 183 (7) ◽  
pp. 2335-2342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Smirnova ◽  
Kevin A. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acyl Carrier Protein ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Branched Chain

ABSTRACT The Streptomyces glaucescens β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase III (KASIII) initiates straight- and branched-chain fatty acid biosynthesis by catalyzing the decarboxylative condensation of malonyl-ACP with different acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) primers. This KASIII has one cysteine residue, which is critical for forming an acyl-enzyme intermediate in the first step of the process. Three mutants (Cys122Ala, Cys122Ser, Cys122Gln) were created by site-directed mutagenesis. Plasmid-based expression of these mutants in S. glaucescens resulted in strains which generated 75 (Cys122Ala) to 500% (Cys122Gln) more straight-chain fatty acids (SCFA) than the corresponding wild-type strain. In contrast, plasmid-based expression of wild-type KASIII had no effect on fatty acid profiles. These observations are attributed to an uncoupling of the condensation and decarboxylation activities in these mutants (malonyl-ACP is thus converted to acetyl-ACP, a SCFA precursor). Incorporation experiments with perdeuterated acetic acid demonstrated that 9% of the palmitate pool of the wild-type strain was generated from an intact D3 acetyl-CoA starter unit, compared to 3% in a strain expressing the Cys122Gln KASIII. These observations support the intermediacy of malonyl-ACP in generating the SCFA precursor in a strain expressing this mutant. To study malonyl-ACP decarboxylase activity in vitro, the KASIII mutants were expressed and purified as His-tagged proteins in Escherichia coli and assayed. In the absence of the acyl-CoA substrate the Cys122Gln mutant and wild-type KASIII were shown to have comparable decarboxylase activities in vitro. The Cys122Ala mutant exhibited higher activity. This activity was inhibited for all enzymes by the presence of high concentrations of isobutyryl-CoA (>100 μM), a branched-chain fatty acid biosynthetic precursor. Under these conditions the mutant enzymes had no activity, while the wild-type enzyme functioned as a ketoacyl synthase. These observations indicate the likely upper and lower limits of isobutyryl-CoA and related acyl-CoA concentrations within S. glaucescens.

scholarly journals A Specialized Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Contributes to the Extreme Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Content of Cuphea Seed Oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 174 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umidjon Iskandarov ◽  
Jillian E. Silva ◽  
Hae Jin Kim ◽  
Mariette Andersson ◽  
Rebecca E. Cahoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Medium Chain

scholarly journals β-Ketoacyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Synthase III (FabH) Is a Determining Factor in Branched-Chain Fatty Acid Biosynthesis

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keum-Hwa Choi ◽  
Richard J. Heath ◽  
Charles O. Rock
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acyl Carrier Protein ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Carrier Protein ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Branched Chain

ABSTRACT A universal set of genes encodes the components of the dissociated, type II, fatty acid synthase system that is responsible for producing the multitude of fatty acid structures found in bacterial membranes. We examined the biochemical basis for the production of branched-chain fatty acids by gram-positive bacteria. Two genes that were predicted to encode homologs of the β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III of Escherichia coli (eFabH) were identified in theBacillus subtilis genome. Their protein products were expressed, purified, and biochemically characterized. Both B. subtilis FabH homologs, bFabH1 and bFabH2, carried out the initial condensation reaction of fatty acid biosynthesis with acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) as a primer, although they possessed lower specific activities than eFabH. bFabH1 and bFabH2 also utilized iso- and anteiso-branched-chain acyl-CoA primers as substrates. eFabH was not able to accept these CoA thioesters. Reconstitution of a complete round of fatty acid synthesis in vitro with purified E. coli proteins showed that eFabH was the only E. colienzyme incapable of using branched-chain substrates. Expression of either bFabH1 or bFabH2 in E. coli resulted in the appearance of a branched-chain 17-carbon fatty acid. Thus, the substrate specificity of FabH is an important determinant of branched-chain fatty acid production.

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