scholarly journals Patterns and Predictors ofStaphylococcus aureusCarriage during the First Year of Life: a Longitudinal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aylana Reiss-Mandel ◽  
Carmit Rubin ◽  
Ayala Maayan-Mezger ◽  
Ilya Novikov ◽  
Hanaa Jaber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Care Center ◽  
First Year ◽  
Nonlinear Mixed Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Day Care Center ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Early Acquisition ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

ABSTRACTWe sought here to investigate the patterns ofStaphylococcus aureuscarriage in the first year of life, its determinants, and the dynamics of transmission between mothers and infants. A prospective longitudinal cohort study ofS. aureuscarriage among mothers and their infants was performed, including monthly screenings from pregnancy/birth through the first year of the infant’s life. Medical and lifestyle data were collected. InfantS. aureuscarriage was detected from rectal and nasal swabs, and maternal carriage was detected from nasal and vaginal swabs. Multivariate analysis and a nonlinear mixed model (NLMIXED) were used to determine the predictors of carriage andS. aureuspersistence. Of the 671 women recruited, 130 women carriedS. aureusat recruitment (19.3%); they and their 132 infants were included in the study. A total of 93% of the infants acquiredS. aureussometime during the first year of life; 64% of these infants acquired the maternal strain, mostly (66%) during the first month of life. We observed that 70 women (52.50%) and 17 infants (14%) carriedS. aureuspersistently. Early acquisition ofS. aureuscarriage was associated with longer duration of initial carriage and was the most significant predictor ofS. aureuspersistence, while day care center attendance was negatively associated with persistent carriage. Methicillin-resistantS. aureuswas carried by two infants for only 1 month each and not by any of the mothers. Early acquisition ofS. aureus, mostly from the mother, is thus an important determinant of carriage persistence in infancy.

scholarly journals Patterns and predictors ofStaphylococcus aureuscarriage during the first year of life; a longitudinal study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aylana Reiss-Mandel ◽  
Carmit Rubin ◽  
Ayala Maayan-Mezger ◽  
Ilya Novikov ◽  
Hanaa Jaber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Important Determinant ◽  
Care Center ◽  
First Year ◽  
Day Care Center ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Early Acquisition ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Persistent Carriage ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Cohort

AbstractObjectives’To determine the patterns ofS. aureuscarriage in the first year of life, its determinants and dynamics of transmission between mothers and infants.MethodsProspective longitudinal cohort study ofS. aureuscarriage among mothers and their infants. Monthly screenings from pregnancy/birth through the first year of the infant’s life. Medical and lifestyle data was collected. InfantS. aureuscarriage was detected by rectal and nasal swabs and maternal carriage by nasal swabs. Multivariate analysis and an NLMixed model were used to determine predictors of carriage andS. aureuspersistence.Results130S. aureuscarrier women and their 132 infants were included in the study. 93% of the infants acquiredS. aureussometime during the first year of life, 64% of them acquired the maternal strain, mostly (66%) during the first month of life. 70 women (52.50%) and 17 infants (14%) carriedS. aureuspersistently. Early acquisition ofS. aureuscarriage was associated with longer duration of initial carriage and was the most significant predictor ofS. aureuspersistence, while day-care center attendance was negatively associated with persistent carriage.ConclusionsEarly acquisition ofS. aureus, mostly from the mother, is an important determinant of carriage persistence in infancy.

DOZ047.81: Neurodevelopmental outcome in infants with AE: developmental trajectories in the first year of life

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Bevilacqua ◽  
B Ragni ◽  
L Valfrè ◽  
A Conforti ◽  
A Braguglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcome ◽  
First Year ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Background Esophageal atresia (EA) prognosis have improved significantly over the past three decades. Research and clinical attention has shifted to neurodevelopmental outcomes and quality of life. Aim The aim of this study wasto examine neurodevelopmental outcomes and to identify clinical and sociodemographic risk factors in a cohort of infants with EA. Methods An observational prospective longitudinal study was conducted between 2009 and 2017. Neurodevelopment was assessed at 6 and 12 months by Bayley Scales of Infants and Toddler Development—3rd Edition. Clinical and sociodemographic variables included were gender, birthweight, gestational age, associated malformations, number of hospitalizations, surgeries and dilatations at 12 months, days of mechanical ventilation, parental age, education level, and socioeconomic status. Results Ninety-six infants were enrolled in the study at 6 months and 73 of them were evaluated also at 12 months. Analysis showed significant differences between motor development at 6 and 12 months (M6 = 95.39, SD = 15.71; M12 = 91.83, SD = 12.87; t = 0.245, P = 0.017); significant differences emerged also between cognitive development at 6 and 12 months (M6 = 91.80, SD = 11.70; M12 = 100.92, SD = 15.39; t = −5.10, p = .000). Infants with long-gap AE achieved the worst scores in cognitive (r = -.28, P < .01) and motor scales (r = -.36, P < .01) at 6 months and in motor scale at 12 months (r = −0.30, P < 0.05). More days of mechanical ventilation were related to a lower score in both the cognitive (6 months r = −0.26, P < 0.05; 12 months r = −0.26, P < 0.05) and motor scale (6 months: r = −0.38, P < 0.01; 12 months r = −0.42, P < 0.01). A major number of interventions in the first year of life were related to lower scores in the motor scale at 12 months (r = −0.43, P < 0.01). Conclusions Infants operated on for AE are at risk of neurodevelopmental impairment in the first year of life. Findings support the association between neurodevelopmental outcomes and clinical risk factors. Careful interdisciplinary follow-up is essential for early detection of neurodevelopmental delay.

scholarly journals Fecal Microbiotas of Indonesian and New Zealand Children Differ in Complexity and Bifidobacterial Taxa during the First Year of Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair Lawley ◽  
Anna Otal ◽  
Kit Moloney-Geany ◽  
Aly Diana ◽  
Lisa Houghton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
First Year ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Year Of Life

ABSTRACT The biological succession that occurs during the first year of life in the gut of infants in Western countries is broadly predictable in terms of the increasing complexity of the composition of microbiotas. Less information is available about microbiotas in Asian countries, where environmental, nutritional, and cultural influences may differentially affect the composition and development of the microbial community. We compared the fecal microbiotas of Indonesian (n = 204) and New Zealand (NZ) (n = 74) infants 6 to 7 months and 12 months of age. Comparisons were made by analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and derivation of community diversity metrics, relative abundances of bacterial families, enterotypes, and cooccurrence correlation networks. Abundances of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis and B. longum subsp. longum were determined by quantitative PCR. All observations supported the view that the Indonesian and NZ infant microbiotas developed in complexity over time, but the changes were much greater for NZ infants. B. longum subsp. infantis dominated the microbiotas of Indonesian children, whereas B. longum subsp. longum was dominant in NZ children. Network analysis showed that the niche model (in which trophic adaptation results in preferential colonization) of the assemblage of microbiotas was supported in Indonesian infants, whereas the neutral (stochastic) model was supported by the development of the microbiotas of NZ infants. The results of the study show that the development of the fecal microbiota is not the same for infants in all countries, and they point to the necessity of obtaining a better understanding of the factors that control the colonization of the gut in early life. IMPORTANCE This study addresses the microbiology of a natural ecosystem (the infant bowel) for children in a rural setting in Indonesia and in an urban environment in New Zealand. Analysis of DNA sequences generated from the microbial community (microbiota) in the feces of the infants during the first year of life showed marked differences in the composition and complexity of the bacterial collections. The differences were most likely due to differences in the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding of infants in the two countries. These kinds of studies are essential for developing concepts of microbial ecology related to the influence of nutrition and environment on the development of the gut microbiota and for determining the long-term effects of microbiological events in early life on human health and well-being.

scholarly journals A comparison of child development, growth and illness in home-care and day-care center settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-534
Author(s):  
Darunnee Limtrakul ◽  
Krongporn Ongprasert ◽  
Pisittawoot Ayood ◽  
Ratana Sapbamrer ◽  
Penprapa Siviroj
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Promotion Strategy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Day Care Center ◽  
Health Promotion Strategy

PurposeChildcare is an essential part of early life environment that has a significant influence on lifelong physical and mental health. This study aimed to examine the relationship between development, growth and frequency of illness in different types of care.Design/methodology/approachThis cross-sectional study recruited 177 children aged 30–36 months and their caregivers. Of these 66 were being cared for at home and 111 were attending out-of-home day-care facilities. An interview form, growth measurement and the Denver Developmental Screening Test II were collected. The association between child developmental, growth and illness variables was analyzed with Chi-square, Fisher's exact and Mann–Whitney U tests.FindingsThis study found that the development and growth results did not show statistically significant differences between the home-care and day-care groups. The number of minor illnesses was significantly lower in home-care children than in day-care children (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.15-0.72).Research limitations/implicationsThis study indicated that the risk of infection is increased in the children attending day care. Provision of a healthy and safe childcare environment needs to be an essential health promotion strategy to improve family and child well-being.Originality/valueAs the number of women's participation in the labor market has increased rapidly over the past decades, so did the number of children in nonparental care. The study findings reflect that the development of a day-care center for children was unclear, whereas the risk of infection was increased. Therefore, provision of a healthy and safe childcare environment needs to be an essential health promotion strategy to improve family and child well-being.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistant staphylococci acquired during the first year of life

1978 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Burr ◽  
C. H. L. Howells ◽  
P. W. J. Rees
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Discharge From Hospital ◽  
First Year Of Life

SUMMARYNasal swabs were taken from 492 babies born consecutively to residents of two South Wales towns soon after their discharge from maternity hospitals. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 352 babies (72%) and in 79 (22%) of these it was resistant to at least one antibiotic. By the time these babies were a year old the prevalence of both sensitive and resistant strains had fallen, so that only 12% still carried nasal staphylococci, but 64% of these organisms were then resistant to penicillin. Administration of penicillin to the baby seemed to be a more important factor in selecting resistant organisms than other antibiotics given to the baby, any antibiotic treatment to other members of the household, or discharge from hospital.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Liaison Automated Testing System for Diagnosis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1859-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea-Romana Prusa ◽  
Michael Hayde ◽  
Arnold Pollak ◽  
Kurt R. Herkner ◽  
David C. Kasper
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
First Year ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Year Of Life

ABSTRACTCongenital toxoplasmosis is a worldwide health problem, and different screening strategies exist. Testing of toxoplasma-specific antibodies in infants identifies congenital toxoplasmosis during the first year of life. However, experience with commercial available immunoassays is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate both the performance and analytical characteristics of the Liaison diagnostic system in infants. In a retrospective study, serumToxoplasma gondiiantibodies were measured in samples from 333 infants, including 212 noninfected infants and 121 infants with congenital toxoplasmosis. A total of 1,157 umbilical cord blood and peripheral serum samples were analyzed. Liaison toxoplasma-specific IgG and IgM antibodies and the IgG avidity index were compared to the infection status of the infant, determined by the Sabin-Feldman dye test and immunosorbent agglutination assay—IgM. All noninfected infants were seronegative by Liaison IgG within the first year of life. The Liaison system showed a sensitivity of 81.8%, a specificity of 100.0%, a positive predictive value of 100.0%, a negative predictive value of 90.6%, and overall agreement of 84.4% by comparison with the dye test. Overall agreement of both IgM test systems was 96.0%. In this study cohort, avidity did not show a potential diagnostic benefit for the detection of congenital infection. In conclusion, the Liaison system is a valuable tool to monitor the serologic course of infants at risk. A final serologic confirmatory test is recommended to improve the rate of detection of congenital toxoplasmosis at 1 year of life. Protocols of routine follow-up testing in infants and accurate diagnostic tools after acute gestational infections are needed to improve medical care.

Neurogenic intermittent claudication associated with aortic steal from the anterior spinal artery complicating coarctation of the aorta

1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E. Kendall ◽  
John Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Claudication ◽  
Coarctation Of The Aorta ◽  
Aqueductal Stenosis ◽  
Anterior Spinal Artery ◽  
First Year ◽  
Neurogenic Intermittent Claudication ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Collateral Channel ◽  
Collateral Vessels ◽  
First Year Of Life

✓ A boy born with coarctation of the aorta developed postmeningitic hydrocephalus associated with aqueductal stenosis in the first year of life; a ventriculoatrial shunt was performed. When 11 years old, following an operation on the coarctation, he developed neurogenic intermittent claudication superimposed on a preexisting spastic weakness of his legs. Investigations disclosed the intraspinal collateral vessels to be stealing blood through the anterior spinal artery to the aorta below the incompletely relieved coarctation. Revision of the coarctation repair and diversion within the thorax of the main collateral channel from the anterior spinal artery to the distal aorta relieved the intermittent claudication.

Incidence of Illness in Early Group and Family Day-Care

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-613
Author(s):  
Anna-Beth Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Care Center ◽  
First Year ◽  
Early Group ◽  
Day Care Center ◽  
Family Day Care ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Year

The frequency of reported illness in children enrolled in a day-care center was compared to frequency in home-reared children and in children in family day-care homes. Children ranged from 6 to 42 months of age (mean, 21 months). Data on seven categories of illness were collected by bimonthly telephone interviews with parents during two consecutive winters. In the first year of the study gastrointestinal and total illnesses were reported significantly more frequently in children enrolled in the day-care center, though major illnesses were not. In the second year of the study illnesses were significantly more frequently reported in center children though mainly at the younger ages, that is, prior to 2 years of age. The mean numbers of illnesses and symptoms reported per call over the 2 years of the study were 2.56, 1.36, and 1.35 for center, home-reared and family day-care children respectively. Though it has been shown elsewhere that psychological health may be unaffected by early group care, the present findings imply that physical health may be somewhat reduced. It is unknown whether these children will be more resistant to infection at a later age.

scholarly journals Twin-twin transfusion syndrome: neurodevelopment of infants treated with laser surgery

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Campos ◽  
Amabile V. Arias ◽  
Thatiane M. Campos-Zanelli ◽  
Daniela S. Souza ◽  
Orlando G. dos Santos Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk Group ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Laser Coagulation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Fetoscopic Laser Coagulation ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the neurodevelopmental functions of survivors of twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) treated by fetoscopic laser coagulation (FLC), during the first year of life, comparing them to a control group; and to verify the influence of specific variables on neurodevelopment. Method This was a prospective, longitudinal study. The sample comprised 33 monochorionic diamniotic twins who underwent FLC for treatment of TTTS and 22 full-term infants of single-fetus pregnancies. Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Screening Test were used for evaluation. Prenatal, perinatal and postnatal information were obtained. Results There was an increased frequency of infants in the TTTS group with inadequate performance compared to the control group. The identified variables (fetal donor, low economic income and cardiorespiratory disease) negatively impacted expressive communication and fine motor skills. Conclusion Although through follow-up is recommended in all TTTS survivors, particular attention is required for the high-risk group as defined in this study.

scholarly journals Nasal staphylococci in children – a follow-up study

1982 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Burr ◽  
C. H. L. Howells
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
First Year ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Marked Tendency

SummaryNasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus was studied in a cohort of infants born to the residents of two towns in South Wales. The children were followed up to the age of 5 years, nasal swabs being taken annually after a more detailed survey during the first year. The carriage-rate of S. aureus reached a minimum of 10–15% at one year and then rose steadily to 41% at five years. From the age of two years about 90% of the organisms isolated were resistant to penicillin. There was a marked tendency for children to carry the same strains from year to year, but carriage during the first year of life did not predict carriage at the age of five.

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