scholarly journals Antigenic Diversity of Hepatitis B Virus Strains of Genotype F in Amerindians and Other Population Groups from Venezuela

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 648-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Blitz ◽  
Flor H. Pujol ◽  
Paul D. Swenson ◽  
Leticia Porto ◽  
Ricardo Atencio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hbv Genotype ◽  
Hbsag Carriers ◽  
Hbsag Subtype ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Virus Strains ◽  
Genotype F

The adw4 subtype of hepatitis B virus (HBV) belongs to a unique genomic group (genotype F) representing the original HBV strains from the New World. Data regarding the prevalence of this subtype among HBV carriers in South America are, however, scarce, and those concerning HBV genotype F are based on only a few samples from Latin America. In this study, serum samples were obtained from 141 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers from Amerindians and urban populations from Venezuela. The HBsAg subtype was identified with monoclonal antibodies in 105 samples, and the HBV genotype was identified by reverse-phase hybridization with DNA fragments in 58 samples. The adw4 subtype was highly prevalent in the population studied (75%); among the Amerindians, the prevalence was 97%. The adw2 subtype was also present (10%), while other subtypes (ayw3 and ayw4) were only occasionally found. The HBV subtype was associated with the expected genotype in most cases (80%), and thus genotype F was highly prevalent. Sequencing of viral strains that gave genotypes unpredicted by the HBsAg subtyping confirmed seven of them as belonging to not previously described genotype-subtype associations: namely, adw2 and ayw4 within genotype F.

scholarly journals Molecular Evolution of Hepatitis B Virus Genotype F in Latin America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Wolf ◽  
Thiago Kastell Mazeto ◽  
Vagner Reinaldo Zingalli Bueno Pereira ◽  
Daniel Simon ◽  
Vagner Ricardo Lunge
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Hbv Genotype ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Genotype F

Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype F evolution is not completely understood in Latin America. This study aims to evaluate the molecular evolution of HBV-F in Latin America by comparing 224 whole-genome sequences. Bayesian coalescent analysis was performed to estimate the time to the most recent common ancestor. Four main clades were formed dated back between 1245 and 1730. Also, four subclades were identified dated back between 1705 and 1801. HBV-F overall effective population size grew in the 18th century and showed an initial circulation of HBV-F from Venezuela to other countries from Latin America.

scholarly journals Dental care and spread of hepatitis B virus infection

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-305
Author(s):  
A Tzukert ◽  
S G Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hbsag Carriers ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Study Population

Sera from 576 healthy adults were tested for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (anti-HBs) to evaluate the role of routine dental care as a factor in the spread of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Serological evidence of prior HBV infection, manifested by acquisition of anti-HBs, was detected in 97 (16.8%) individuals, and 6 (1.0%) were identified to be asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. The anticipated correlations of HBsAg and anti-HBs with age, country of birth, and socioeconomic status were observed in the study population. However, prevalences of both HBsAg and anti-HBs were inversely related to the lifetime total of dental care visits. These findings indicated that, in a region in which the HBsAg carrier state and hepatitis B are prevalent, routine dental care is not identified as an important factor in the spread of HBV infection. While the results do not exclude the obvious possibility that cross-infections with HBV may occur during dental care in specific situations, they indicate that this mode of infection is exceptional.

Fatal Hepatitis B in Early Infancy: The Importance of Identifying HBsAg-Positive Pregnant Women and Providing Immunoprophylaxis to Their Newborns

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-180
Author(s):  
Dietra Delaplane ◽  
Ram Yogev ◽  
Frank Crussi ◽  
Stanford T. Shulman
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Hbsag Carriers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbs Ag ◽  
Hbsag Seropositivity

Infants born to women who are asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers frequently acquire hepatitis B virus infection in infancy. The spectrum of disease in such affected infants includes mild transient acute hepatitis B, chronic active hepatitis with or without cirrhosis, chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic asymptomatic HBsAg carriage, and, rarely, fulminant fatal hepatitis B. Recently, the administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin has been demonstrated to reduce the risk of infantile acquisition of hepatitis B virus; hepatitis B vaccine may also be preventive in this setting. Three young infants, aged 8 to 16 weeks, who died of acute fulminant hepatitis were studied. In each instance, the mother was found, retrospectively, to be asymptomatic but HBsAg positive. One of these mothers was hepatitis B e-antigen-negative but hepatitis B e-antibody positive. All three babies were HBsAg positive; two who were tested for hepatitis B core antibody were positive. These three fatalities serve to dramatize both the importance of HBs Ag screening of pregnant women, particularly those with demographic factors that place them at increased risk for HBsAg carriage, as well as the significance of effective immunoprophylaxis for hepatitis B in all offspring of women with HBsAg seropositivity.

Lamivudine therapy for prevention of immunosuppressive-induced hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatitis B surface antigen carriers

Blood ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oren Shibolet ◽  
Yaron Ilan ◽  
Shmuel Gillis ◽  
Ayala Hubert ◽  
Daniel Shouval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Reactivation ◽  
Hbsag Carriers ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Lamivudine Prophylaxis

Abstract Viral reactivation in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers undergoing immunosuppressive therapy is well documented. To evaluate the role of lamivudine prophylaxis in Hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers treated with immunosuppression for nonhepatic disorders, we reviewed our experience between 1997 and 2000 at Hadassah University Hospital (Jerusalem, Israel). Controls were patients who were HBV carriers and who, between 1990 and 1995, were treated for hematological malignancies but were not treated with lamivudine. Eighteen HBsAg-positive patients were treated with immunosuppression. Fourteen were males, with a mean age of 48 years. Eleven patients had lymphoma; 2 had colonic adenocarcinoma; and 5 had cryoglobulinemia, enophthalmitis, vasculitis, malignant histocytosis, or ulcerative colitis. Fourteen patients were treated with chemotherapy, and 4 with prolonged high-dose corticosteroids. All patients were HBsAg-positive; 4 had hepatitis B e antigen, and 10 had HBV DNA by polymerase chain reaction. Lamivudine was administered to 13 patients in the treatment group 1 to 60 days (mean, 15 days) before immunosuppressive treatment and continued 0.5 to 24 months (mean, 7 months) following initiation of immunosuppression. Mean follow-up after lamivudine administration was 21 months. Three patients died of lymphoma complications and 10 (77%) survived. None of the patients had clinical or serological evidence of HBV reactivation during or after lamivudine prophylaxis. Of 6 patients who presented with liver function test disturbances, 5 improved during combined lamivudine and immunosuppression treatment. At the end of follow-up, HBV DNA became undetectable in 2 of 10 patients. In 2 patients, seroconversion from HBsAg to anti-HBs was observed. In contrast, 2 of 5 control patients had HBV reactivation. Lamivudine prophylaxis in HBsAg carriers receiving immunosuppressive therapy may prevent HBV reactivation and hepatic failure.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis B virus genotypes among patients with liver disease in Eritrea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Elfatih Hamida ◽  
Saud Mohammed Raja ◽  
Yodahi Petros ◽  
Munir Wahab ◽  
Yemane Seyoum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Genotype ◽  
Hbv Genotypes ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Intermediate Endemicity

AbstractEritrea is an East African multiethnic country with an intermediate endemicity for hepatitis B. Our aim was to establish the most prevalent genotypes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among patients with liver disease. A total of 293 Eritrean patients with liver disease who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive were enrolled. All sera were tested for liver transaminases, HBV DNA viral load, and hepatitis B seromarkers including HBsAg, anti-HBcAb (total), HBeAg, and anti-HBeAb. Those reactive for HBsAg and anti-HBc (total) were further tested for HBV genotyping. The median (interquartile range) of HBV DNA viral load and ALT levels were 3.47 (1.66) log IU/mL and 28 (15.3) IU/L, respectively. Using type-specific primer-based genotyping method, 122/293 (41.6%) could be genotyped. Irrespective of mode of occurrence, HBV genotype D (21.3%) was the predominant circulating genotype, followed by genotypes C (17.2%), E (15.6%), C/D (13.1%), and C/E (10.7%). Genotypes C/D/E (7.4%), A/D (4.9%), D/E (4.1%), A (2.5%), and B, A/E, B/E, and A/D/C (0.8%) were also present. HBV in Eritrea is comprised of a mixture of HBV genotypes. This is the first study of HBV genotyping among patients with liver disease in Eritrea.

scholarly journals Sequence Analysis of PreS2 Region of Hepatitis B Virus Genotype D Isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Amania Anwar ◽  
Sheeba Murad ◽  
Hajra Sadia
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Cell Permeability ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Hbv Genotype ◽  
Hbv Genotypes ◽  
B Virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a well known agent of liver diseases. HBV disease burden varies across theglobe with regions from low to high endemicity. Pakistan lies in the intermediate endemic zone, withhigh rate of mortality due to liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is a wide rangeof heterogeneity in relation to HBV genotypes and sub-genotypes and in their patterns of pathogenesis,virulence and response to antiviral therapy. A large number of HBV genomic variations are associatedwith clinical outcomes such as hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis. Thus, the present study aimsto analyze PreS2 gene sequences from HBV isolates and their phylogeny. To investigate this, a study wasconducted on twenty one HBV chronically infected individuals, serum samples were subjected to PCRwith specific primers for PreS2 region of HBV genotype D and then sequenced. Point mutations: A39V,P41H and L42I were found in cell permeability domain of PreS2 protein. However, MHC class I and IIepitopes were conserved in all sequences. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out by comparing thenucleotide sequence with 22 reference sequences of HBV sub-genotype D retrieved from the GeneBank.Phylogenetic analysis showed that two of our isolates, ASAB1 (2266) and ASAB3 (PIMS 7) sharedcluster 1 with China D1, Pakistan D1, Iran D1 and Turkey D1. Meanwhile, ASAB2 (HF2) was grouped incluster 2 with Lebanese D2 and Brazil D2.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among the Tribal Population of Attapady, Kerala,India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Jose Manjiyil ◽  
Kavitha Paul Konikkara
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
B Virus

Introduction: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection remains a significant global health concern that may cause acute or chronic hepatitis. Chronically infected patients are at risk for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The disease causes a problem in the tribal communities. There are lack of studies on the prevalence of HBV among the tribal population. Aim: To assess the seroprevalence of HBV infection among the tribal population of Attapady, Kerala. Materials and Methods: This was a community based cross- sectional study conducted on serum samples collected from 269 subjects among the tribal population of Attapady. Serum samples were tested for quantitative antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Total hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti HBc IgM), frequencies were obtained using proportion and 95% Confidence Interval CI. Results: The seroprevalence of HBsAg was 10.4%. HBeAg was detected in 7.1% of HBsAg positive patients. 21.2% had protective anti-HBs titer. Anti-HBe was detected in five patients. Anti-HBc total and anti-HBc IgM were positive for 26.7% and 2.6%, respectively. Anti-HBc IgM alone and isolated anti-HBc were detected in 1.5% and 5.9 %, respectively. Anti-HBs and anti-HBc total both became positive in 8.6% cases. Conclusion: HBV infection poses a huge burden on tribal health. All HBsAg positive patients should be tested further to determine the stage of the disease. There is need to explore high HBV prevalence areas with studies on associated risk factors to bring out the ongoing transmission process and focus on preventive measures. HBV vaccination, antenatal screening, and health awareness should be given priority to tackle the burden.

scholarly journals Genotype H: a new Amerindian genotype of hepatitis B virus revealed in Central America

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
pp. 2059-2073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Arauz-Ruiz ◽  
Helene Norder ◽  
Betty H. Robertson ◽  
Lars O. Magnius
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Central America ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Hbv Genotype ◽  
Separate Branch ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Complete Genomes ◽  
Genotype F

The complete genomes were sequenced for ten hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains. Two of them, from Spain and Sweden, were most similar to genotype D, although encoding d specificity. Five of them were from Central America and belonged to genotype F. Two strains from Nicaragua and one from Los Angeles, USA, showed divergences of 3·1–4·1% within the small S gene from genotype F strains and were recognized previously as a divergent clade within genotype F. The complete genomes of the two genotype D strains were found to differ from published genotype D strains by 2·8–4·6%. Their S genes encoded Lys122, Thr127 and Lys160, corresponding to the putative new subtype adw3 within this genotype, previously known to specify ayw2, ayw3 or, rarely, ayw4. The complete genomes of the three divergent strains diverged by 0·8–2·5% from each other, 7·2–10·2% from genotype F strains and 13·2–15·7% from other HBV strains. Since pairwise comparisons of 82 complete HBV genomes of intratypic and intertypic divergences ranged from 0·1 to 7·4% and 6·8 to 17·1%, respectively, the three sequenced strains should represent a new HBV genotype, for which the designation H is proposed. In the polymerase region, the three strains had 16 unique conserved amino acid residues not present in genotype F strains. So far, genotype H has been encountered in Nicaragua, Mexico and California. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genomes and subgenomes of the three strains showed them clustering with genotype F but forming a separate branch supported by 100% bootstrap. Being most similar to genotype F, known to be an Amerindian genotype, genotype H has most likely split off from genotype F within the New World.

scholarly journals Predictive Factors of Lamivudine Treatment Success in a Hepatitis B Virus-Infected Pediatric Cohort: A 10-Year Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmine Yousef ◽  
Kathie Béland ◽  
Emmanuel Mas ◽  
Pascal Lapierre ◽  
Dorothée Bouron Dal Soglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Lamivudine Treatment ◽  
Hbv Genotype ◽  
Viral Control ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
B Virus

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are responsible for the development of chronic hepatitis in 400 million people worldwide. Currently, no consensus exists as to when treatment should be initiated for pediatric patients.OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the risks and predictive factors of success of lamivudine treatment in children with chronic, active HBV infection.METHODS: Forty-three children (22 male, median age 9.6 years) chronically infected with HBV and treated between 1998 and 2008 at CHU Ste-Justine (Montreal, Quebec) were included in the present chart review study. Inclusion criteria were detectable hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), minimum serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level of two times the upper limit of normal and detectable serum HBV DNA for at least three months. Patients received lamivudine for a minimum of six months (median 14 months). Genotyping was performed.RESULTS: Lamivudine treatment was effective in 35% of cases (15 of 43) and overall virological response (during or after treatment) was achieved in 51% of patients. Three patients harboured suspected lamivudine-resistant mutations and five progressed to HBeAg-chronic HBV. Predictive factors for success of treatment were: younger age at beginning of treatment (P=0.05), elevated ALT levels throughout treatment duration (P=0.003) and loss of HBeAg during treatment (P=0.016). Asian origin did not affect treatment success or spontaneous viral control during follow-up. HBV genotype did not influence treatment success.CONCLUSIONS: Lamivudine treatment in a carefully selected cohort of HBV patients demonstrated a good rate of success and low incidence of mutation. Younger age at the beginning of treatment and high ALT levels during treatment predicted a positive outcome.

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