scholarly journals Association of Providencia alcalifacienswith Diarrhea in Children

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1433-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. John Albert ◽  
A. S. G. Faruque ◽  
D. Mahalanabis
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Providencia Alcalifaciens ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Invasive Mechanism

It has been demonstrated in previous studies that Providencia alcalifaciens can produce diarrhea by an invasive mechanism. In the present study, P. alcalifaciens was isolated from the stool specimens of 17 of 814 diarrheal children younger than 5 years of age (2.1%) and from those of 4 of 814 matched controls (0.49%) (P = 0.004), indicating that the organism is significantly associated with diarrhea. However, 71% of P. alcalifaciens-positive diarrheal children had simultaneous infections with other recognized enteric pathogens.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a rapid method to exclude the presence of certain enteric pathogens in stool specimens.

1984 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1049-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Teti ◽  
N M Burdash ◽  
C Zamboni ◽  
C Fava ◽  
F Tomasello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Stool Specimens

scholarly journals The association of enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenicEscherichia coliand other enteric pathogens with childhood diarrhoea in Yugoslavia

1989 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Čobeljić ◽  
D. Mel ◽  
B. Arsić ◽  
Lj. Krstić ◽  
B. Sokolovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Seasonal Peak ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Enteric Diseases ◽  
Tissue Culture Cells ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Stool Specimens

SUMMARYThe presence of enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenicEscherichia coli(ETEC and EPEC, respectively) was investigated in stool specimens of 1082 preschool children with diarrhoea and in stools of 335 healthy controls in localities in southern Yugoslavia, as well as in 566 children with diarrhoea and in 231 controls living in northern part of the country, during the seasonal peak (August— November) of enteric diseases in 1986.ETEC were found in 114 (10·5%) children with diarrhoea and in 14 (4·2%) controls (P < 0·001) in the southern part, and in 26 (4·6%) ill children and one (0·4%) well child (P < 0·005) in the northern part of Yugoslavia. EPEC were isolated from stools of 85 (7·9%) children with diarrhoea and of 14 (4·2%) well children (P < 0·05) in localities of southern Yugoslavia, and from 22 (3·9%) ill children and from 10 (4·3%) controls in northern Yugoslavia. Nineteen EPEC strains expressed localized adherence to HEp-2 tissue culture cells; all were isolated from stools of ill children.In southern Yugoslavia, where other enteropathogens were sought, the most commonly found agents in ill children were shigellae (17·5%), rotavirus (11·8%), ETEC, and EPEC. Potential pathogens were detected in 44·5 % cases of sporadic diarrhoea and in 15·8% controls.This study revealed that ETEC were associated with acute diarrhoeal disease in Yugoslav preschool children. On the other hand, the diagnosis of EPEC-diarrhoea by routine determination of serogroup established the association of these agents with sporadic diarrhoea only in the 0-2 years age categories in all investigated localities. In the less developed southern part of Yugoslavia bacteria were the predominant causative agents of enteric illness during the seasonal peak of this disease.

scholarly journals Norovirus epidemiology in South African children <5 years hospitalised for diarrhoeal illness between 2009 and 2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (9) ◽  
pp. 1942-1952 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. PAGE ◽  
M. J. GROOME ◽  
S. NADAN ◽  
R. NETSHIKWETA ◽  
K. H. KEDDY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
Stool Specimens

SUMMARYPublic health interest in norovirus (NoV) has increased in recent years following improved diagnostics, global burden estimates and the development of NoV vaccine candidates. This study aimed to describe the detection rate, clinical characteristics and environmental features associated with NoV detection in hospitalized children <5 years with diarrhoea in South Africa (SA). Between 2009 and 2013, prospective diarrhoeal surveillance was conducted at four sites in SA. Stool specimens were collected and screened for NoVs and other enteric pathogens using molecular and serological assays. Epidemiological and clinical data were compared in patients with or without detection of NoV. The study detected NoV in 15% (452/3103) of hospitalized children <5 years with diarrhoea with the majority of disease in children <2 years (92%; 417/452). NoV-positive children were more likely to present with diarrhoea and vomiting (odds ratio (OR) 1·3; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·1–1·7; P = 0·011) with none-to-mild dehydration (adjusted OR 0·5; 95% CI 0·3–0·7) compared with NoV-negative children. Amongst children testing NoV positive, HIV-infected children were more likely to have prolonged hospitalization and increased mortality compared with HIV-uninfected children. Continued surveillance will be important to consider the epidemic trends and estimate the burden and risk of NoV infection in SA.

Importance of Providencia species as a major cause of travellers’ diarrhoea

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1077-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myonsun Yoh ◽  
Junko Matsuyama ◽  
Motoki Ohnishi ◽  
Kazuhiro Takagi ◽  
Hirozane Miyagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Providencia Rettgeri ◽  
Rapd Fingerprinting ◽  
Providencia Alcalifaciens ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Providencia Stuartii

In this study the importance of Providencia species as a cause of travellers’ diarrhoea was examined using a selective medium developed by the authors. Providencia species could easily be distinguished from other enteric pathogens by the colour of the colonies obtained. Nine strains of Providencia alcalifaciens, nine of Providencia rettgeri and five of Providencia stuartii were isolated from 130 specimens, representing a surprisingly high incidence of infection compared with other pathogens isolated on SS agar and TCBS agar. Patients infected with P. rettgeri complained of abdominal pain, as for other Providencia species, but also of vomiting, which is rather characteristic of P. rettgeri infection. To analyse the pathogenicity of these isolates, their invasiveness was examined using Caco-2 cells. Most of the P. rettgeri strains invaded Caco-2 cells. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting showed the same profile for two P. rettgeri isolates from individuals travelling in the same tour group. The results show that Providencia species, especially P. rettgeri, might cause diarrhoea, and that these species are important pathogens.

scholarly journals Rapid automated method for screening of enteric pathogens from stool specimens.

1987 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 584-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
P A Villasante ◽  
A Agulla ◽  
F J Merino ◽  
T Pérez ◽  
C Ladrón de Guevara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Stool Specimens

scholarly journals 1125. Reduced Time to Pathogen Identification and Antibiotic Prescription Using Multiplex Molecular Testing for Gastrointestinal Infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S337-S337
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kardasheva ◽  
Evan Yount ◽  
Tracie Rose ◽  
Punam Verma ◽  
Shingo Chihara
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Stool Culture ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Microbial Identification ◽  
Stool Specimens

Abstract Background A variety of microbial pathogens causes diarrhea which remains a significant global concern. The ability to rapidly identify the pathogen impacts the decision to treat, promotes antimicrobial stewardship, and assists with infection control and prevention. The objective of the study was to compare the time it took for rapid identification of microbial pathogens via a stool-culture based testing vs. real-time PCR using a Verigene Enteric Pathogens (EP) test. Methods The study was performed at Virginia Mason Medical Center, a tertiary medical center in Seattle. A retrospective chart review included the diagnosis of microbial pathogen, antibiotics prescribed (if any), time of prescription, duration of antibiotics course and patients’ outcome if they were hospitalized. Stool specimens from 136 patients in 2015 were analyzed via a stool-culture based method. The results were compared with a molecular-based method used to study specimens from 225 patients in 2017. Years 2015 and 2017 were chosen as in 2016 the culture-dependent testing was replaced by culture independent. T-test was used to examine the difference in time to identification of the pathogen and time to prescription between 2015 and 2017. SAS 9.4 was used for the analysis. Results In 2015, 2,194 stool specimens were tested and 136 (6.2%) were positive. In 2017, 2,037 stool specimens were examined and 225 (11%) returned positive. The median time to prescription in 2015 was 53.84 hours in comparison to 21.96 hours in 2017 (P &lt; 0.0001). The time to identification of the pathogen was 60.05 hours in 2015 vs. 22.53 hours in 2017 (P &lt; 0.0001). The TAT (turnaround time), defined as the time from the specimen being received in the laboratory to the finalized result, was 167.92 hours vs. 156.35 hours, respectively (P = 0.75). Conclusion Multiplex PCR assays for enteric pathogens showed higher sensitivity when compared with standard culture-based methods. When the clinician felt antibiotics were indicated, there was a significantly shorter time to antibiotics prescription. Aside from a shorter time to microbial identification, molecular assays detect an increased number of pathogens from a single specimen that has an important impact on infection prevention and appropriate treatment. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Vibrant DNA microarray for the high-throughput multiplex detection of enteric pathogens in clinical samples

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Yang ◽  
Vinod Rajendran ◽  
Vasanth Jayaraman ◽  
Tianhao Wang ◽  
Kang Bei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Microarray ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gi Infections ◽  
Stool Specimens

ABSTRACT Background Rapid detection of a wide range of etiologic agents is essential for appropriate treatment and control of gastrointestinal (GI) infections. A variety of microbial species including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi have been recognized as diarrheagenic enteric pathogens. However, multiplex testing of various targets in a single reaction needs further improvement because of its limitation in species and throughput. Results This study aims at developing and evaluating a DNA microarray-based qualitative multiplexed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, Vibrant GI pathogen panel (GPP), for simultaneous detection of 27 enteric GI pathogenic targets (16 bacteria, 5 viruses, 4 parasites, and 2 fungi) directly from stool specimens. Limits of detection ranged from 102 to 104 cells/mL for bacteria, 102 to 103 cells/mL for parasites, 102 to 103 RNA copies/mL for viruses, and 102 to 103 cells/mL for fungi. Performance characteristics were determined using 27 Quantitative Genomic DNAs, 212 spiked stool specimens, 1067 clinical and archived stool specimens. Overall sensitivity was 95.9% (95% CI 92.4–98.1) and specificity was 100% (95% CI 99.9–100). Polymicrobial detections contained either two or three organisms was 20.2% (35/173) of positive clinical specimens and 3.3% (35/1055) of all clinical specimens. Conclusion The Vibrant GPP is a comprehensive, high-throughput, and rapid DNA microarray to provide etiologic diagnosis of GI infections in the laboratory setting.

scholarly journals CexE Is A Virulence Factor ofCitrobacter rodentiumAnd Present In Enteric Pathogens Of Humans

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Rivas ◽  
Ryan M. McCormack ◽  
Becky Adkins ◽  
George P. Munson
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Providencia Alcalifaciens

AbstractCexE is a 12 kDa protein that was originally reported to be present in just three strains of enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC); a frequent causes of diarrheal illnesses worldwide. However, an examination of recently sequenced genomes has revealed that CexE is actually present in a majority of ETEC strains. Homologs of CexE are also present in enteroaggregativeE. coli(EAEC) and other enteric pathogens includingYersinia enterocolitica, Providencia alcalifaciens, andCitrobacter rodentium. CexE and its homologs are expressed within virulence regulons of ETEC, EAEC, andC. rodentium. This, along with its distribution across several species of enteric pathogens, suggest that CexE confers a selective advantage to these pathogens. However, this hypothesis has yet to be testedin vivo. Here we demonstrate that CexE is conditionally secreted to the external leaf of the outer membrane of ETEC. Although CexE does not appear to play a role in adherencein vitro, it does facilitate colonization of murine intestinal tissues byC. rodentium in vivo. In adult mice wild-type bacteria reached significantly higher loads and were shed in higher numbers than acexE::kanmutant. A similar trend was observed in neonatal mice. In addition, all of the neonates infected with the wild-type strain succumbed to infection within 16 days of inoculation. In contrast, 45% of the neonates infected with thecexE::kanstrain survived for the 30 day duration of the experiment. These finding indicate that CexE is a conditionally secreted virulence factor that increases the colonization of hosts by enteric pathogens.

A Hospital Cafeteria-Related Food-Borne Outbreak Due to Bacillus cereus: Unique Features

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 462-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry M. Baddour ◽  
Shelia M. Gaia ◽  
Ronald Griffin ◽  
Richard Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Food Borne Illness ◽  
Stool Specimens

AbstractAlthough Bacillus cereus is a well-known cause of food-borne illness, hospital-related outbreaks of food-borne disease due to B. cereus have rarely been documented. We report a hospital employee cafeteria outbreak due to foods contaminated with B. cereus in which an outside caterer was employed to prepare the suspect meals. Data were collected from 249 of 291 employees who had eaten either of the two meals. With a mean incubation period of 12.5 hours, 64% (160 of 249) of employees manifested illness. Symptoms, which averaged 24.3 hours in duration, included diarrhea (96.3%), abdominal cramps (90%), nausea (50.6%), weakness (24.7%), and vomiting (13.8%). Eighty-seven employees sought medical attention, 84 of whom were seen in an emergency room. Although a significant difference was not demonstrated in food-specific attack rates, B. cereus was cultured from both rice and chicken items that were served at both meals. Sixty-three employees submitted stools for culture that grew no enteric pathogens, but none were examined for B. cereus. This food-borne outbreak demonstrates: (1) the need for hospital kitchen supervisors to ensure proper handling of food when outside caterers are employed; (2) that significant differences in food-specific attack rates may not be demonstrated in outbreaks, which may be related to several factors; and (3) the importance of notifying microbiology laboratory personnel when B. cereus is a suspect enteric pathogen, since many laboratories do not routinely attempt to identify this organism in stool specimens.

scholarly journals twitter sharing button linkedin sharing button facebook sharing button whatsapp sharing button email sharing button print sharing button Prevalence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea among hospitalized Jordanian patients

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 750-755
Author(s):  
A. A. Shehabi ◽  
H. A. Abu Ragheb ◽  
N. A. Allaham
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhoea

We investigated stool specimens of 400 patients at Jordan University Hospital [300 patients with clinical diarrhoea and 100 controls without diarrhoea] for the presence of Clostridium difficile or its toxin. We found a 9.7% prevalence rate of C. difficile or its toxin in stools of patients with diarrhoea. The prevalence of other potential enteric pathogens, such as Salmonella spp. [2.3%], Shigella spp. [1.0%] and Entamoeba histolytica [2.7%], was significantly less. Prevalence of C. difficile or its toxin in controls was 3.0%. Toxin A was detected in 93.1% of C. difficile-associated diarrhoea cases using an enzyme immunoassay. Our study indicates that C. difficile-associated diarrhoea is mostly observed among hospitalized patients aged > or = 50 years, in association with antimicrobial treatment.

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