scholarly journals Streptococcus bovis Clone Causing Two Episodes of Endocarditis 8 Years Apart

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 862-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Mühlemann ◽  
Susanne Graf ◽  
Martin G. Täuber
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Heterogeneous Population ◽  
Streptococcus Bovis ◽  
Pulsed Field

A patient had endocarditis caused by Streptococcus bovis twice 8 years apart. According to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) the two isolates were identical. Seven unrelated blood isolates of S. bovis yielded unique PFGE patterns. Considering this heterogeneous population structure our findings demonstrate the long-term persistence of an S. bovis clone in a patient with recurrent endocarditis.

Interinstitutional and Intrainstitutional Transmission of a Strain ofAcinetobacter baumanniiDetected by Molecular Analysis Comparison of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Repetitive Sequence–Based Polymerase Chain Reaction

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 981-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Saeed ◽  
M. G. Fakih ◽  
K. Riederer ◽  
A. R. Shah ◽  
R. Khatib
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Repetitive Sequence ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction provided comparable strain discrimination with minor discordance in typingAcinetobacter baumanniiclinical isolates from patients at our hospital and affiliated institutions. Typing revealed a cluster strain with intrainstitutional and interinstitutional spread during the study period. A long-term acute care facility may have been the reservoir.

Streptococcus pneumoniaeSerotype 4 Outbreak in a Home for the Aged: Report and Review of Recent Outbreaks

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 711-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheldon Gleich ◽  
Yosef Morad ◽  
Ramon Echague ◽  
James R. Miller ◽  
John Kornblum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
The United States ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Pulsed Field

AbstractObjective:To describe a pneumonia outbreak caused byStreptococcus pneumoniaeamong residents of a home for the aged and to review contemporary pneumococcal outbreaks.Design:Epidemiological investigation.Methods:Spneumoniaeisolates were serotyped and analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Paired sera were tested for antibodies to pneumococcal surface adhesin A protein (PsaA, a 37-kDa cell-wall protein). Pneumococcal outbreaks reported in the last decade in English were reviewed.Results:Pneumonia developed in 18 of 200 residents. In 11 (61%), a pneumococcal etiology was demonstrated.S pneumoniae,serotype 4, was isolated from the blood cultures of 3 patients; all isolates were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Pneumococcal involvement was established in 2 by sputum culture and latex agglutination of parapneumonic fluid and in 6 others by a twofold rise in optical density of serum antibody reactive to PsaA. Pneumococcal immunization had not previously been received by any patient; mortality was 22%. No additional cases were noted following administration of pneumococcal vaccine and antibiotic prophylaxis with penicillin or erythromycin. Twenty-six outbreaks of invasive pneumococcal disease since 1990 were reviewed. Twelve occurred in the United States, and serotypes 23F, 14, and 4 accounted for 8 (67%) of 12 outbreaks. All confirmed serotypes in US outbreaks are included in the 23-valent vaccine. More than one half of pneumococcal outbreaks worldwide involved elderly persons in hospitals or long-term-care facilities.Conclusions:A pneumococcal pneumonia outbreak occurred among unvaccinated residents of a residential facility for the aged. Institutionalized elderly persons are at risk of outbreaks of pneumococcal disease and should be vaccinated.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Multiple Vancomycin-ResistantEnterococcus Isolates Obtained Serially from Two Long-Term-Care Patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 2105-2108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianna J. Schoonmaker ◽  
Lawrence H. Bopp ◽  
Aldona L. Baltch ◽  
Raymond P. Smith ◽  
Mary Ellen Rafferty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Fifty-eight vancomycin-resistant enterococcal isolates were obtained from two patients over 9 weeks. Numerous pulsed-field gel electrophoresis fingerprinting types were isolated from each patient. By PCR, all isolates were vanA +. However, many isolates from patient B were found to lack vanA by hybridization. Our results demonstrate the importance of examining multiple isolates, especially from patients who are at high risk of infection.

scholarly journals Polyclonal Population Structure of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Spain Carrying mef and mef plus erm(B)

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1964-1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elia Gómez G. de la Pedrosa ◽  
María-Isabel Morosini ◽  
Mark van der Linden ◽  
Patricia Ruiz-Garbajosa ◽  
Juan Carlos Galán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Diffusion Approximation ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Geographic Locations ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Multilocus Sequencing

ABSTRACT The population structure (serotypes, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE] types, and multilocus sequencing types) of 45 mef-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates [carrying mef alone (n = 17) or with the erm(B) gene n = 28)] were studied. They were selected from among all erythromycin-resistant isolates (n = 244) obtained from a collection of 712 isolates recovered from different Spanish geographic locations in the prevaccination period from 1999 to 2003. The overall rates of resistance (according to the criteria of the CLSI) among the 45 mef-positive isolates were as follows: penicillin G, 82.2%; cefotaxime, 22.2%; clindamycin, 62.2%; and tetracycline, 68.8% [mainly in isolates carrying erm(B) plus mef(E); P < 0.001]. No levofloxacin or telithromycin resistance was found. Macrolide resistance phenotypes (as determined by the disk diffusion approximation test) were 37.7% for macrolide resistance [with all but one due to mef(E)] and 62.2% for constitutive macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance [cMLSB; with all due to mef(E) plus erm(B)]. Serotypes 14 (22.2%), 6B (17.7%), 19A (13.3%), and 19F (11.1%) were predominant. Twenty-five different DNA patterns (PFGE types) were observed. Our mef-positive isolates were grouped (by eBURST analysis) into four clonal complexes (n = 18) and 19 singleton clones (n = 27). With the exception of clone Spain9V-3, all clonal complexes (clonal complexes 6B, Spain6B-2, and Sweden15A-25) and 73.6% of singleton clones carried both the erm(B) and the mef(E) genes. The international multiresistant clones Spain23F-1 and Poland6B-20 were represented as singleton clones. A high proportion of mef-positive S. pneumoniae isolates presented the erm(B) gene, with all isolates expressing the cMLSB phenotype. A polyclonal population structure was demonstrated within our Spanish mef-positive S. pneumoniae isolates, with few clonal complexes overrepresented within this collection.

scholarly journals Long-Term Persistence of a Discotheque-Associated Invasive Neisseria meningitidis Group C Strain as Proven by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and porA Gene Sequencing

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1638-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Riesbeck ◽  
Paula Orvelid-Mölling ◽  
Hans Fredlund ◽  
Per Olcén
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Clinical Presentations

A cluster of a Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C strain causing invasive disease was investigated. Five out of seven cases were associated with a particular discotheque. The strains were indistinguishable, as revealed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and sequencing of variable regions of the porA gene, but caused strikingly different clinical presentations during 5 months.

scholarly journals The epidemiology of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci on a haematology unit – analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. BRADLEY ◽  
M. E. KAUFMANN ◽  
C. HAPPY ◽  
S. GHORI ◽  
A. L. T. WILSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Rectal Swab ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Clinical Infection ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Predominant Strain

As part of an interventional study to determine glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (GRE) acquisition on a three-ward haematology unit, rectal swabs were taken weekly from 293 patients recruited to the study between June 1995 and December 1996. The GRE isolates obtained from the first positive rectal swab from 120 colonized patients, the isolates from 7 patients with clinical infection and 43 isolates obtained from the ward environment were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Sixty-three of 120 patients were colonized by one of strains A-H, while 49 were colonized by unique strains. The first 18 weeks were associated with the highest prevalence of GRE by rectal swab, with a single strain A responsible for 52% of acquisitions on ward 2, 22% on ward 3 and 36% on ward 4. Other smaller ward associated clusters were evident. Environmental sampling of ward 2 during this time showed that all but 2 of 30 isolates were indistinguishable from strain A. As the GRE prevalence fell, rectal swab and environmental isolates became more heterogeneous, and strain A disappeared after week 55. GRE prevalence rose again in the final 15 weeks of the study, and a new predominant strain B emerged on ward 2 responsible for 50% of new acquisitions. In the seven patients with clinical infection with GRE, the clinical isolates were compared with the contemporaneous rectal swab isolate, and were found to be the same in only two cases. An analysis of five long-term carriers colonized for a median of 19 weeks (range 11–34) showed colonization with at least two and in one case six distinct strains, raising the question of how many strains may be colonizing a patient at any one time, and suggesting that multiple colonies should be analysed. These data suggest that cross-infection was an important factor in the spread of GRE when the colonization rate was high.

scholarly journals Population genetics ofMycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex in Scotland analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

1995 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Olson ◽  
K. J. Forbes ◽  
B. Watt ◽  
T. H. Pennington
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Genetics ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Limited Genetic Diversity

SUMMARYThe results of typing of 121 strains in theMycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex by PFGE are presented. Every isolate from patients in Scotland over a 3-month period forM. tuberculosisand for 1 year forM. boviswere included along with several laboratory strains including those of BCG. The PFGE results suggest that the population structure of all the strains in this complex is distinctly simple with limited genetic diversity and also suggest thatM. bovisis not a distinct species.

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